{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2000403663","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-009-9567-y","title":"Is traditional rural lifestyle a barrier for quality of life assessment? A case study using the Short Form 36 in a rural Chinese population","display_name":"Is traditional rural lifestyle a barrier for quality of life assessment? A case study using the Short Form 36 in a rural Chinese population","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-12-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2000403663","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-009-9567-y","mag":"2000403663","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20013158"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11136-009-9567-y","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-009-9567-y","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-009-9567-y","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S90347677","display_name":"Quality of Life Research","issn_l":"0962-9343","issn":["0962-9343","1573-2649"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","cwts-core","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Quality of Life Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012660765","display_name":"Chaojie Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0877-0424","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0877-0424"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I196829312","display_name":"La Trobe University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxfrp27","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I196829312"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chaojie Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Public Health, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia. c.liu@latrobe.edu.au","La Trobe University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Public Health, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia. c.liu@latrobe.edu.au","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196829312"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"La Trobe University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196829312"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036440549","display_name":"Ningxiu Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0122-0553","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0122-0553"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24185976","display_name":"Sichuan University","ror":"https://ror.org/011ashp19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ningxiu Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, China",", Sichuan University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":", Sichuan University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100525370","display_name":"Xiaohui Ren","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24185976","display_name":"Sichuan University","ror":"https://ror.org/011ashp19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaohui Ren","raw_affiliation_strings":["West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, China",", Sichuan University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":", Sichuan University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076947326","display_name":"Danping Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8017-7134","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8017-7134"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24185976","display_name":"Sichuan University","ror":"https://ror.org/011ashp19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Danping Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, China",", Sichuan University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":", Sichuan University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5012660765"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196829312"],"apc_list":{"value":3890,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3890},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":20,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.25683674,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"1","first_page":"31","last_page":"36"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10804","display_name":"Health Systems, Economic Evaluations, Quality of Life","score":0.9038000106811523,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10804","display_name":"Health Systems, Economic Evaluations, Quality of Life","score":0.9038000106811523,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10467","display_name":"Psychometric Methodologies and Testing","score":0.052400000393390656,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13117","display_name":"Health Education and Validation","score":0.026100000366568565,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality-of-life-assessment","display_name":"quality of life assessment","score":0.8970000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/short-form-36","display_name":"Short Form-36","score":0.7599999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sf-36","display_name":"SF-36","score":0.7699999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rural-lifestyle","display_name":"rural lifestyle","score":0.8569999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/questionnaire-validity","display_name":"questionnaire validity","score":0.7329999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantic-ambiguity","display_name":"semantic ambiguity","score":0.8190000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/test-retest-reliability","display_name":"test-retest reliability","score":0.7369999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/factor-structure","display_name":"factor structure","score":0.7289999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rural-chinese-population","display_name":"rural Chinese population","score":0.7879999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-related-quality-of-life","display_name":"health-related quality of life","score":0.7639999985694885}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165957694","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5421350","display_name":"Exploratory factor analysis","level":3,"score":0.7244861125946045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106906290","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1140909","display_name":"Cronbach's alpha","level":3,"score":0.7183175683021545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779951463","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7268788","display_name":"Quality of life (healthcare)","level":2,"score":0.6541088819503784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.6124656200408936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.5513817071914673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5422296524047852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780522230","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1140419","display_name":"Ambiguity","level":2,"score":0.49661046266555786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74909509","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10387","display_name":"Gerontology","level":1,"score":0.45731067657470703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777267654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3519023","display_name":"Test (biology)","level":2,"score":0.43709760904312134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.41052156686782837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75630572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q538904","display_name":"Applied psychology","level":1,"score":0.3806060552597046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171606756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q506132","display_name":"Psychometrics","level":2,"score":0.3328002393245697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.32908108830451965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70410870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199906","display_name":"Clinical psychology","level":1,"score":0.31234031915664673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.2888184189796448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.2574010491371155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.13392707705497742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.09449547529220581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542102704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257","display_name":"Psychotherapist","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002681","descriptor_name":"China","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002681","descriptor_name":"China","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002681","descriptor_name":"China","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003144","descriptor_name":"Communication Barriers","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003144","descriptor_name":"Communication Barriers","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003144","descriptor_name":"Communication Barriers","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006304","descriptor_name":"Health Status","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006304","descriptor_name":"Health Status","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006304","descriptor_name":"Health Status","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008019","descriptor_name":"Life Style","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008019","descriptor_name":"Life Style","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008019","descriptor_name":"Life Style","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008603","descriptor_name":"Mental Health","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008603","descriptor_name":"Mental Health","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008603","descriptor_name":"Mental Health","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011594","descriptor_name":"Psychometrics","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011594","descriptor_name":"Psychometrics","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011594","descriptor_name":"Psychometrics","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011788","descriptor_name":"Quality of Life","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011788","descriptor_name":"Quality of Life","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011788","descriptor_name":"Quality of Life","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011795","descriptor_name":"Surveys and Questionnaires","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011795","descriptor_name":"Surveys and Questionnaires","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011795","descriptor_name":"Surveys and Questionnaires","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012424","descriptor_name":"Rural Population","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012424","descriptor_name":"Rural Population","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012424","descriptor_name":"Rural Population","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012647","descriptor_name":"Self-Assessment","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012647","descriptor_name":"Self-Assessment","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012647","descriptor_name":"Self-Assessment","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012931","descriptor_name":"Social Environment","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012931","descriptor_name":"Social Environment","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012931","descriptor_name":"Social Environment","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012938","descriptor_name":"Social Perception","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012938","descriptor_name":"Social Perception","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012938","descriptor_name":"Social Perception","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012959","descriptor_name":"Socioeconomic Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012959","descriptor_name":"Socioeconomic Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012959","descriptor_name":"Socioeconomic Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055815","descriptor_name":"Young Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055815","descriptor_name":"Young Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055815","descriptor_name":"Young Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11136-009-9567-y","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-009-9567-y","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-009-9567-y","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S90347677","display_name":"Quality of Life Research","issn_l":"0962-9343","issn":["0962-9343","1573-2649"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","cwts-core","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Quality of Life Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:20013158","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20013158","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation","raw_type":"Evaluation Study"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9074000120162964,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"display_name":"Zero hunger","score":0.6299999952316284,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322990","display_name":"Sichuan University","ror":"https://ror.org/011ashp19"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W158604789","https://openalex.org/W241273621","https://openalex.org/W1506603089","https://openalex.org/W1554073789","https://openalex.org/W1978588149","https://openalex.org/W1980015741","https://openalex.org/W1982635562","https://openalex.org/W1993377802","https://openalex.org/W1997211653","https://openalex.org/W2011011032","https://openalex.org/W2014706197","https://openalex.org/W2016168493","https://openalex.org/W2037377025","https://openalex.org/W2044191037","https://openalex.org/W2079495912","https://openalex.org/W2089033623","https://openalex.org/W2112882529","https://openalex.org/W2114595149","https://openalex.org/W2134647373","https://openalex.org/W2140056301","https://openalex.org/W2141842541","https://openalex.org/W2164548240","https://openalex.org/W2315503389","https://openalex.org/W2408767404","https://openalex.org/W2409487196","https://openalex.org/W2889511025","https://openalex.org/W4292806894"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3029449554","https://openalex.org/W2280047990","https://openalex.org/W1757460299","https://openalex.org/W3207023965","https://openalex.org/W2026564875","https://openalex.org/W3208070856","https://openalex.org/W4386657045","https://openalex.org/W4297399782","https://openalex.org/W3212567629","https://openalex.org/W4386845877"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-09-26T08:19:03.415552","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}