{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2000312396","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3126/ijim.v2i3.8665","title":"Occurrence of urinary tract infection among children attending Gandaki Medical College Teaching Hospital and Research Center, Pokhara, Nepal","display_name":"Occurrence of urinary tract infection among children attending Gandaki Medical College Teaching Hospital and Research Center, Pokhara, Nepal","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-09-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2000312396","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3126/ijim.v2i3.8665","mag":"2000312396"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3126/ijim.v2i3.8665","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3126/ijim.v2i3.8665","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3126/ijim.v2i3.8665","pdf_url":"https://www.nepjol.info/index.php/IJIM/article/download/8665/7050","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5406978272","display_name":"International Journal of Infection and Microbiology","issn_l":"2091-2145","issn":["2091-2145"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Infection and Microbiology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"parent_works":[],"lineage":["https://openalex.org/W2000312396"],"child_works_count":0,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://www.nepjol.info/index.php/IJIM/article/download/8665/7050","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111617011","display_name":"Garima Gautam","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405257102","display_name":"Gandaki Medical College","ror":"https://ror.org/04wqh1h93","country_code":"NP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405257102"]}],"countries":["NP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G Gautam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Microbiology, Gandaki Medical\r\nCollege Teaching Hospital and Research Center\r\nPvt. Ltd., Pokhara","Department of Microbiology, Gandaki Medical#R##N#College Teaching Hospital and Research Center#R##N#Pvt. Ltd., Pokhara"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Microbiology, Gandaki Medical\r\nCollege Teaching Hospital and Research Center\r\nPvt. Ltd., Pokhara","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405257102"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Microbiology, Gandaki Medical#R##N#College Teaching Hospital and Research Center#R##N#Pvt. Ltd., Pokhara","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405257102"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014175964","display_name":"Sanjib Mani Regmi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0589-3605","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0589-3605"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25399158","display_name":"Mahidol University","ror":"https://ror.org/01znkr924","country_code":"TH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25399158"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405257102","display_name":"Gandaki Medical College","ror":"https://ror.org/04wqh1h93","country_code":"NP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405257102"]}],"countries":["NP","TH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S Regmi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Microbiology, Gandaki Medical\r\nCollege Teaching Hospital and Research Center\r\nPvt. Ltd., Pokhara","Post graduate student, Mahidol University","Department of Microbiology, Gandaki Medical#R##N#College Teaching Hospital and Research Center#R##N#Pvt. Ltd., Pokhara"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Microbiology, Gandaki Medical\r\nCollege Teaching Hospital and Research Center\r\nPvt. Ltd., Pokhara","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405257102"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Post graduate student, Mahidol University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25399158"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Microbiology, Gandaki Medical#R##N#College Teaching Hospital and Research Center#R##N#Pvt. Ltd., Pokhara","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405257102"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031334432","display_name":"NT Magar","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405257102","display_name":"Gandaki Medical College","ror":"https://ror.org/04wqh1h93","country_code":"NP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405257102"]}],"countries":["NP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"NT Magar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Microbiology, Gandaki Medical\r\nCollege Teaching Hospital and Research Center\r\nPvt. Ltd., Pokhara","Department of Microbiology, Gandaki Medical#R##N#College Teaching Hospital and Research Center#R##N#Pvt. Ltd., Pokhara"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Microbiology, Gandaki Medical\r\nCollege Teaching Hospital and Research Center\r\nPvt. Ltd., Pokhara","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405257102"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Microbiology, Gandaki Medical#R##N#College Teaching Hospital and Research Center#R##N#Pvt. Ltd., Pokhara","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405257102"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015178818","display_name":"Bijay Subedi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3643-9045","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3643-9045"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405257102","display_name":"Gandaki Medical College","ror":"https://ror.org/04wqh1h93","country_code":"NP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405257102"]}],"countries":["NP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"B Subedi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Microbiology, Gandaki Medical\r\nCollege Teaching Hospital and Research Center\r\nPvt. Ltd., Pokhara","Department of Microbiology, Gandaki Medical#R##N#College Teaching Hospital and Research Center#R##N#Pvt. Ltd., Pokhara"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Microbiology, Gandaki Medical\r\nCollege Teaching Hospital and Research Center\r\nPvt. Ltd., Pokhara","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405257102"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Microbiology, Gandaki Medical#R##N#College Teaching Hospital and Research Center#R##N#Pvt. Ltd., Pokhara","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405257102"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069712235","display_name":"Tracey E M W Young Sharma","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405257102","display_name":"Gandaki Medical College","ror":"https://ror.org/04wqh1h93","country_code":"NP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405257102"]}],"countries":["NP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"T Sharma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medicine, Gandaki Medical College Teaching Hospital and Research Center Pvt. Ltd., Pokhara"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, Gandaki Medical College Teaching Hospital and Research Center Pvt. Ltd., Pokhara","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405257102"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014175964","display_name":"Sanjib Mani Regmi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0589-3605","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0589-3605"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25399158","display_name":"Mahidol University","ror":"https://ror.org/01znkr924","country_code":"TH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25399158"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405257102","display_name":"Gandaki Medical College","ror":"https://ror.org/04wqh1h93","country_code":"NP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405257102"]}],"countries":["NP","TH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"SM Regmi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Microbiology, Gandaki Medical\r\nCollege Teaching Hospital and Research Center\r\nPvt. Ltd., Pokhara","Post graduate student, Mahidol University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Microbiology, Gandaki Medical\r\nCollege Teaching Hospital and Research Center\r\nPvt. Ltd., Pokhara","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405257102"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Post graduate student, Mahidol University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25399158"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2991,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.60391297,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":"2","issue":"3","first_page":"82","last_page":"86"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11232","display_name":"Urinary Tract Infections Management","score":0.9940999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2748","display_name":"Urology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11232","display_name":"Urinary Tract Infections Management","score":0.9940999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2748","display_name":"Urology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11174","display_name":"Pediatric Urology and Nephrology Studies","score":0.0032999999821186066,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2735","display_name":"Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10897","display_name":"Antibiotic Use and Resistance","score":0.000699999975040555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urinary-tract-infection","display_name":"urinary tract infection","score":0.9919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pediatric-patients","display_name":"pediatric patients","score":0.8149999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/uropathogens","display_name":"uropathogens","score":0.7929999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/escherichia-coli","display_name":"Escherichia coli","score":0.9679999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/proteus","display_name":"Proteus","score":0.7570000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antimicrobial-resistance","display_name":"antimicrobial resistance","score":0.7839999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antimicrobial-susceptibility","display_name":"antimicrobial susceptibility","score":0.8410000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enterobacteriaceae","display_name":"Enterobacteriaceae","score":0.8500000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/empirical-antibiotic-selection","display_name":"empirical antibiotic selection","score":0.7760000228881836}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.6800284385681152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778746504","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q417897","display_name":"Norfloxacin","level":4,"score":0.6281321048736572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778512257","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q256602","display_name":"Ciprofloxacin","level":3,"score":0.5625911951065063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89423630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7193","display_name":"Microbiology","level":1,"score":0.5493419766426086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778983983","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q134281","display_name":"Enterobacter","level":4,"score":0.5344889163970947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777427914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408529","display_name":"Amikacin","level":3,"score":0.5145758986473083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C501593827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12187","display_name":"Antibiotics","level":2,"score":0.4893578886985779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775876089","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q281082","display_name":"Nalidixic acid","level":4,"score":0.4798683524131775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779464495","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q132229","display_name":"Proteus","level":4,"score":0.45792847871780396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94665300","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q63391344","display_name":"Antibiotic resistance","level":3,"score":0.44572412967681885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780026642","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40924","display_name":"Urine","level":2,"score":0.4363110065460205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4937899","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q68541106","display_name":"Antimicrobial","level":2,"score":0.4232194125652313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77411442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181100","display_name":"Urinary system","level":2,"score":0.42138347029685974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775945818","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q134081","display_name":"Citrobacter","level":5,"score":0.41965585947036743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.3935202360153198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.22797736525535583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C547475151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25419","display_name":"Escherichia coli","level":3,"score":0.1728818714618683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3126/ijim.v2i3.8665","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3126/ijim.v2i3.8665","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3126/ijim.v2i3.8665","pdf_url":"https://www.nepjol.info/index.php/IJIM/article/download/8665/7050","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5406978272","display_name":"International Journal of Infection and Microbiology","issn_l":"2091-2145","issn":["2091-2145"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Infection and Microbiology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3126/ijim.v2i3.8665","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3126/ijim.v2i3.8665","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3126/ijim.v2i3.8665","pdf_url":"https://www.nepjol.info/index.php/IJIM/article/download/8665/7050","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5406978272","display_name":"International Journal of Infection and Microbiology","issn_l":"2091-2145","issn":["2091-2145"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Infection and Microbiology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":1.0,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2000312396.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2000312396.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W771018","https://openalex.org/W60521001","https://openalex.org/W110316757","https://openalex.org/W147731994","https://openalex.org/W1953355687","https://openalex.org/W1976433127","https://openalex.org/W1980342197","https://openalex.org/W2039126739","https://openalex.org/W2084035392","https://openalex.org/W2108541376","https://openalex.org/W2115839337","https://openalex.org/W2145867374","https://openalex.org/W2154624603","https://openalex.org/W2170990094","https://openalex.org/W2171889364","https://openalex.org/W2182043732","https://openalex.org/W2183476126","https://openalex.org/W2331482726","https://openalex.org/W2411620077","https://openalex.org/W2477594263","https://openalex.org/W2494713257","https://openalex.org/W2618957554","https://openalex.org/W3145367840","https://openalex.org/W4230742268","https://openalex.org/W4245243790","https://openalex.org/W6835981208"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2947137152","https://openalex.org/W4409061384","https://openalex.org/W2918310028","https://openalex.org/W2919756492","https://openalex.org/W2735314376","https://openalex.org/W2131208411","https://openalex.org/W2612728839","https://openalex.org/W3126879641","https://openalex.org/W2596896418","https://openalex.org/W2053143834"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"INTRODUCTION:":[0],"Urinary":[1],"tract":[2,57],"infection":[3],"(UTI)":[4],"is":[5,59],"considered":[6],"as":[7],"the":[8,16,34,41,45,64,77,82,115,137,146,152,162,234],"most":[9,163],"common":[10],"bacterial":[11,78,157,238],"infectious":[12],"disease":[13],"seen":[14],"among":[15,52],"pediatric":[17],"patients.":[18],"Most":[19],"commonly,":[20],"members":[21],"of":[22,27,38,44,48,76,97,151,190,233,237],"Enterobacteriaceae,":[23],"particularly":[24],"uropathogenic":[25],"strains":[26],"E.":[28,159,191],"coli":[29,160,192],"and":[30,71,90,114,122,139,175,182,185,197,206,240],"Enterobacter":[31,186],"spp.":[32,171,174,180],"are":[33],"primary":[35],"causative":[36],"pathogens":[37,53],"UTI":[39],"in":[40,63,106],"different":[42],"part":[43],"world.":[46],"Emergence":[47],"antimicrobial":[49],"resistance":[50],"rates":[51],"recovered":[54],"from":[55,81],"urinary":[56],"infections":[58],"an":[60],"increasing":[61],"problem":[62],"specific":[65],"region.":[66],"MATERIALS":[67],"AND":[68],"METHODS:":[69],"Prevalence":[70],"anti":[72],"microbial":[73],"susceptibility":[74,127],"pattern":[75],"uropathogens":[79],"isolated":[80],"children":[83,99],"attending":[84],"Gandaki":[85],"Medical":[86],"College":[87],"Teaching":[88],"Hospital":[89],"Reserch":[91],"Center":[92],"(GMC)":[93],"Nepal.":[94],"A":[95],"total":[96],"155":[98],"aged":[100],"upto":[101],"15":[102],"years":[103],"were":[104,111,117,193,213],"included":[105],"this":[107],"study.":[108],"Urine":[109],"cultures":[110],"carried":[112],"out":[113],"isolates":[116,212],"identified":[118],"by":[119,131,169],"Gram":[120],"staining":[121],"conventional":[123],"biochemical":[124],"methods.":[125],"Antimicrobial":[126],"testing":[128],"was":[129,161],"performed":[130],"disk":[132],"diffusion":[133],"method":[134],"according":[135],"to":[136,195,200,203,217],"Clinical":[138],"Laboratory":[140],"Standards":[141],"Institute":[142],"(CLSI).":[143],"RESULTS:":[144],"In":[145],"present":[147],"study":[148],"21.3":[149],"%":[150],"sample":[153],"size,":[154],"showed":[155],"significant":[156],"growth.":[158],"frequently":[164],"occurring":[165],"pathogen":[166],"(39.40%),":[167],"followed":[168],"Proteus":[170],"21.2%,":[172],"Citrobacter":[173],"Streptococcus":[176],"faecalis":[177],"(12.1%)":[178],"Klebsiella":[179],"(9.1%),":[181],"Staphylococcus":[183],"aureus":[184],"(3.0%).":[187],"Susceptibility":[188],"rate":[189],"69.2%":[194],"Gentamycin":[196],"Amikacin,":[198],"53.8%":[199],"Norfloxacin,":[201],"38.4%":[202],"Nalidixic":[204],"acid":[205],"Norfloxacin.":[207],"CONCLUSIONS:":[208],"Pediatric":[209],"urine":[210],"culture":[211],"becoming":[214],"increasingly":[215],"resistant":[216],"commonly":[218],"used":[219],"antibiotics.":[220],"Finally,":[221],"we":[222],"suggest":[223],"that":[224],"empirical":[225],"antibiotic":[226,241],"selection":[227],"should":[228],"be":[229],"based":[230],"on":[231,245],"knowledge":[232],"local":[235],"prevalence":[236],"organisms":[239],"sensitivities":[242],"rather":[243],"than":[244],"universal":[246],"guidelines.":[247],"DOI:":[248],"http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijim.v2i3.8665":[249],"Int":[250],"J":[251],"Infect":[252],"Microbiol":[253],"2013;2(3):82-86":[254]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}