{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2000309425","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrev.99.1192","title":"T\u2212F Emission: Experimental Measurement of the Average Electron Current Density from Tungsten","display_name":"T\u2212F Emission: Experimental Measurement of the Average Electron Current Density from Tungsten","publication_year":1955,"publication_date":"1955-08-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2000309425","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrev.99.1192","mag":"2000309425"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1103/physrev.99.1192","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrev.99.1192","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrev.99.1192","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S54862371","display_name":"Physical Review","issn_l":"0031-899X","issn":["0031-899X","1536-6065"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320261","host_organization_name":"American Physical Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320261"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Physical Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Physical Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041076174","display_name":"Walter P. Dyke","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74054363","display_name":"Linfield College","ror":"https://ror.org/0228k1a18","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74054363"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"W. P. Dyke","raw_affiliation_strings":["Physics Department, Linfield College, McMinnville, Oregon"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Physics Department, Linfield College, McMinnville, Oregon","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74054363"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089690535","display_name":"John P. Barbour","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74054363","display_name":"Linfield College","ror":"https://ror.org/0228k1a18","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74054363"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. P. Barbour","raw_affiliation_strings":["Physics Department, Linfield College, McMinnville, Oregon"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Physics Department, Linfield College, McMinnville, Oregon","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74054363"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036138788","display_name":"E. E. Martin","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74054363","display_name":"Linfield College","ror":"https://ror.org/0228k1a18","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74054363"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"E. E. Martin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Physics Department, Linfield College, McMinnville, Oregon"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Physics Department, Linfield College, McMinnville, Oregon","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74054363"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039560283","display_name":"J. K. Trolan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74054363","display_name":"Linfield College","ror":"https://ror.org/0228k1a18","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74054363"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. K. Trolan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Physics Department, Linfield College, McMinnville, Oregon"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Physics Department, Linfield College, McMinnville, Oregon","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74054363"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74054363"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.2215,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":40,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84210526,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"99","issue":"4","first_page":"1192","last_page":"1195"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12077","display_name":"Vacuum and Plasma Arcs","score":0.6942999958992004,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12077","display_name":"Vacuum and Plasma Arcs","score":0.6942999958992004,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11175","display_name":"Gyrotron and Vacuum Electronics Research","score":0.2467000037431717,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13418","display_name":"Photocathodes and Microchannel Plates","score":0.026799999177455902,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3105","display_name":"Instrumentation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermionic-emission","display_name":"thermionic emission","score":0.9430000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field-emission","display_name":"field emission","score":0.8980000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electron-current-density","display_name":"electron current density","score":0.7549999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/temperature-dependence","display_name":"temperature dependence","score":0.6290000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-field-dependence","display_name":"electric field dependence","score":0.9259999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arc-initiation","display_name":"arc initiation","score":0.7269999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cathode-temperature","display_name":"cathode temperature","score":0.8429999947547913}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.5647850036621094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184779094","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26383","display_name":"Atomic physics","level":1,"score":0.3629533350467682}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1103/physrev.99.1192","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrev.99.1192","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrev.99.1192","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S54862371","display_name":"Physical Review","issn_l":"0031-899X","issn":["0031-899X","1536-6065"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320261","host_organization_name":"American Physical Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320261"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Physical Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Physical Review","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1616873426","https://openalex.org/W1980224711","https://openalex.org/W1982188142","https://openalex.org/W1982435190","https://openalex.org/W2000439608","https://openalex.org/W2006163292","https://openalex.org/W2010313907","https://openalex.org/W2013802108","https://openalex.org/W2018881288","https://openalex.org/W2021400096","https://openalex.org/W2025360866","https://openalex.org/W2036427903","https://openalex.org/W2049251872","https://openalex.org/W2062180004","https://openalex.org/W2075964759","https://openalex.org/W2109367047"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2023323383","https://openalex.org/W2034250384","https://openalex.org/W2013167429","https://openalex.org/W1995566089","https://openalex.org/W3162171845","https://openalex.org/W4247640063","https://openalex.org/W2075964759","https://openalex.org/W2018881288","https://openalex.org/W1998950622","https://openalex.org/W2082063901"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"An":[0],"experimental":[1],"study":[2],"of":[3,51],"temperature-and-field":[4],"emission":[5],"is":[6,65],"described":[7],"in":[8,26],"which":[9],"the":[10,16,27,43,52],"average":[11],"electron":[12],"current":[13],"density":[14],"from":[15],"tungsten":[17],"monocrystal":[18],"was":[19],"measured":[20,38],"at":[21],"several":[22],"fields":[23],"and":[24,31,39,57],"temperatures":[25],"ranges":[28,50],"$2.5\\ifmmode\\times\\else\\texttimes\\fi{}{10}^{7}<F<7\\ifmmode\\times\\else\\texttimes\\fi{}{10}^{7}$":[29],"v/cm":[30],"$300\\ifmmode^\\circ\\else\\textdegree\\fi{}<T<2000\\ifmmode^\\circ\\else\\textdegree\\fi{}$K,":[32],"respectively.":[33],"The":[34],"observed":[35],"agreement":[36],"between":[37],"calculated":[40],"values":[41],"supports":[42],"wave":[44],"mechanical":[45],"theory":[46],"over":[47],"larger":[48],"combined":[49],"variables":[53],"than":[54],"previously":[55],"reported,":[56],"further":[58],"confirms":[59],"that":[60],"a":[61],"high":[62],"cathode":[63],"temperature":[64],"an":[66],"arc-initiating":[67],"factor.":[68]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-24T09:50:30.924529","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
