{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2000309384","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.86.18.7200","title":"Rapidly and slowly replicating human immunodeficiency virus type 1 isolates can be distinguished according to target-cell tropism in T-cell and monocyte cell lines.","display_name":"Rapidly and slowly replicating human immunodeficiency virus type 1 isolates can be distinguished according to target-cell tropism in T-cell and monocyte cell lines.","publication_year":1989,"publication_date":"1989-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2000309384","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.86.18.7200","mag":"2000309384","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2789383","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/298024"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1073/pnas.86.18.7200","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.86.18.7200","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.86.18.7200","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S125754415","display_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","issn_l":"0027-8424","issn":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320052","host_organization_name":"National Academy of Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320052"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["National Academy of Sciences"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"parent_works":[],"lineage":["https://openalex.org/W2000309384"],"child_works_count":0,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC298024/","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013369380","display_name":"Stefan Schwartz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1249-0575","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1249-0575"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28166907","display_name":"Karolinska Institutet","ror":"https://ror.org/056d84691","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28166907"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S Schwartz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28166907"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069687616","display_name":"Barbara K. Felber","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8925-8128","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8925-8128"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28166907","display_name":"Karolinska Institutet","ror":"https://ror.org/056d84691","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28166907"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"B K Felber","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28166907"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111687396","display_name":"E M Feny\u00f6","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28166907","display_name":"Karolinska Institutet","ror":"https://ror.org/056d84691","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28166907"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"E M Feny\u00f6","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28166907"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066261446","display_name":"George N. Pavlakis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4027-4036","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4027-4036"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28166907","display_name":"Karolinska Institutet","ror":"https://ror.org/056d84691","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28166907"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G N Pavlakis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28166907"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28166907"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.3308,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":64,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8090176,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"86","issue":"18","first_page":"7200","last_page":"7203"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10112","display_name":"HIV Research and Treatment","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2406","display_name":"Virology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10112","display_name":"HIV Research and Treatment","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2406","display_name":"Virology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10526","display_name":"HIV/AIDS drug development and treatment","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12159","display_name":"T-cell and Retrovirus Studies","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hiv-1","display_name":"HIV-1","score":0.9319999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/viral-replication-rate","display_name":"viral replication rate","score":0.6330000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/syncytium-formation","display_name":"syncytium formation","score":0.8109999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chloramphenicol-acetyltransferase","display_name":"chloramphenicol acetyltransferase","score":0.7580000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/monocytoid-cells","display_name":"monocytoid cells","score":0.9269999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tat-protein","display_name":"Tat protein","score":0.7480000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/monocyte-derived-cells","display_name":"monocyte-derived cells","score":0.6740000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/peripheral-blood-mononuclear-cells","display_name":"peripheral blood mononuclear cells","score":0.7829999923706055}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.8117547035217285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81885089","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189082","display_name":"Cell culture","level":2,"score":0.6772328615188599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35693153","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q239762","display_name":"Tropism","level":3,"score":0.6671239137649536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780730277","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q24744759","display_name":"Chloramphenicol acetyltransferase","level":5,"score":0.6667044758796692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159047783","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7215","display_name":"Virology","level":1,"score":0.6545661687850952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40479148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844460","display_name":"Syncytium","level":3,"score":0.6060251593589783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137061746","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q736033","display_name":"Peripheral blood mononuclear cell","level":3,"score":0.5492388010025024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522874641","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q808","display_name":"Virus","level":2,"score":0.4746552109718323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1491633281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7868","display_name":"Cell","level":2,"score":0.4678666591644287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781184567","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q107244","display_name":"Monocyte","level":2,"score":0.4544312655925751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778473333","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q274515","display_name":"Chloramphenicol","level":3,"score":0.4428033232688904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779649592","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2655970","display_name":"Acetyltransferase","level":4,"score":0.4265987277030945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89423630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7193","display_name":"Microbiology","level":1,"score":0.409220814704895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202751555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221681","display_name":"In vitro","level":2,"score":0.3281870484352112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161733203","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q911828","display_name":"Reporter gene","level":4,"score":0.1504860520362854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.14879512786865234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150194340","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26972","display_name":"Gene expression","level":3,"score":0.13252758979797363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C501593827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12187","display_name":"Antibiotics","level":2,"score":0.09701353311538696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.08675873279571533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.08074498176574707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119157956","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q796604","display_name":"Acetylation","level":3,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D002460","descriptor_name":"Cell Line","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002474","descriptor_name":"Cell-Free System","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009000","descriptor_name":"Monocytes","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013601","descriptor_name":"T-Lymphocytes","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014779","descriptor_name":"Virus Replication","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015497","descriptor_name":"HIV-1","qualifier_ui":"Q000145","qualifier_name":"classification","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015497","descriptor_name":"HIV-1","qualifier_ui":"Q000302","qualifier_name":"isolation & purification","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015497","descriptor_name":"HIV-1","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015500","descriptor_name":"Chloramphenicol O-Acetyltransferase","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015500","descriptor_name":"Chloramphenicol O-Acetyltransferase","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1073/pnas.86.18.7200","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.86.18.7200","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.86.18.7200","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S125754415","display_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","issn_l":"0027-8424","issn":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320052","host_organization_name":"National Academy of Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320052"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["National Academy of Sciences"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:2789383","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2789383","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","raw_type":"Comparative Study"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:298024","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC298024/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:298024","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC298024/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.8048999905586243}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G187081405","display_name":"BASIC RESEARCH--CANCER INSTITUTE FREDERICK","funder_award_id":"n01co074101-034","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G225764842","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"N01 CO-74101","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337351","funder_display_name":"National Cancer Institute"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321491","display_name":"Cancerfonden","ror":"https://ror.org/0527jb766"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334626","display_name":"Medical Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/03x94j517"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337351","display_name":"National Cancer Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/040gcmg81"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1554972914","https://openalex.org/W1659684293","https://openalex.org/W1956754660","https://openalex.org/W1964916693","https://openalex.org/W1965131361","https://openalex.org/W1975625627","https://openalex.org/W1976322247","https://openalex.org/W1976443533","https://openalex.org/W1980259340","https://openalex.org/W1991670386","https://openalex.org/W1998439550","https://openalex.org/W2003306608","https://openalex.org/W2005809952","https://openalex.org/W2022770520","https://openalex.org/W2023113738","https://openalex.org/W2023250124","https://openalex.org/W2026057161","https://openalex.org/W2028440457","https://openalex.org/W2033217413","https://openalex.org/W2039703359","https://openalex.org/W2040473151","https://openalex.org/W2059599036","https://openalex.org/W2084627994","https://openalex.org/W2088749364","https://openalex.org/W2094657382","https://openalex.org/W2114279162","https://openalex.org/W2116117210","https://openalex.org/W2127310510","https://openalex.org/W2133764756","https://openalex.org/W2144206181","https://openalex.org/W2151963339","https://openalex.org/W2157644226","https://openalex.org/W2162772698","https://openalex.org/W4299712811"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2078865263","https://openalex.org/W2114279162","https://openalex.org/W2153176056","https://openalex.org/W2010546503","https://openalex.org/W1514323836","https://openalex.org/W1996521477","https://openalex.org/W1938763205","https://openalex.org/W2473996184","https://openalex.org/W2148701827","https://openalex.org/W2182591310"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Human":[0],"immunodeficiency":[1],"virus":[2],"type":[3],"1":[4],"(HIV-1)":[5],"isolates":[6,27,47,91,125,145,165],"from":[7],"various":[8,185],"patients":[9],"were":[10,84],"divided":[11],"into":[12],"two":[13],"major":[14],"groups,":[15],"rapid/high":[16],"and":[17,33,54,92,118],"slow/low,":[18],"according":[19,170],"to":[20,147,155,171,177],"their":[21],"replication":[22],"properties":[23],"in":[24,30,39,51,58,67,116,131,137,150],"vitro.":[25],"Rapid/high":[26,110],"grow":[28],"well":[29],"cell":[31,52,77,82,121,133],"lines":[32,53,78,83],"induce":[34,56],"the":[35,65,143,151,156,159,184],"formation":[36],"of":[37,70,75,89,95,103,139,158],"syncytia":[38,57],"peripheral":[40,59],"blood":[41,60],"mononuclear":[42,61],"cells.":[43,62,99],"In":[44],"contrast,":[45],"slow/low":[46,124,144],"do":[48],"not":[49],"replicate":[50],"rarely":[55],"To":[63],"understand":[64],"differences":[66],"replicative":[68],"capacity":[69],"these":[71],"isolates,":[72],"a":[73,101,179],"panel":[74],"indicator":[76,120],"was":[79],"used.":[80],"These":[81],"generated":[85],"for":[86,183],"sensitive":[87],"detection":[88],"HIV-1":[90,164,186],"show":[93],"characteristics":[94],"T-lymphoid":[96,140],"or":[97],"monocytoid":[98,119,132],"As":[100],"result":[102],"infection,":[104],"chloramphenicol":[105,113,127],"acetyltransferase":[106,114,128],"expression":[107,115,129],"is":[108],"activated.":[109],"viruses":[111],"activate":[112,126],"T-cell":[117],"lines,":[122],"whereas":[123],"only":[130],"lines.":[134],"The":[135],"block":[136],"infection":[138,152],"cells":[141,175],"by":[142],"appears":[146],"occur":[148],"early":[149],"cycle,":[153],"prior":[154],"production":[157],"virally":[160],"encoded":[161],"tat":[162],"protein.":[163],"can":[166],"thus":[167],"be":[168,178],"distinguished":[169],"target-cell":[172],"tropism.":[173],"Monocyte-derived":[174],"seem":[176],"more":[180],"general":[181],"target":[182],"isolates.":[187]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-11-14T11:04:58.165337","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}