{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2000309085","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0031-9155/47/2/305","title":"Dosimetry characteristics of degraded electron beams investigated by Monte Carlo calculations in a setup for intraoperative radiation therapy","display_name":"Dosimetry characteristics of degraded electron beams investigated by Monte Carlo calculations in a setup for intraoperative radiation therapy","publication_year":2002,"publication_date":"2002-01-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2000309085","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0031-9155/47/2/305","mag":"2000309085","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11837615"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1088/0031-9155/47/2/305","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0031-9155/47/2/305","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0031-9155/47/2/305","pdf_url":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0031-9155/47/2/305/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S20241394","display_name":"Physics in Medicine and Biology","issn_l":"0031-9155","issn":["0031-9155","1361-6560"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320083","host_organization_name":"IOP Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320083","https://openalex.org/P4310311669"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOP Publishing","Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Physics in Medicine and Biology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0031-9155/47/2/305/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032227006","display_name":"P. Bj\u00f6rk","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5641-7791","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5641-7791"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137844","display_name":"Sk\u00e5ne University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/02z31g829","country_code":"SE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210137844"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peter Bj\u00f6rk","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiation Physics, Lund University Hospital, Sweden. peter.bjork@radfys.lu.se"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiation Physics, Lund University Hospital, Sweden. peter.bjork@radfys.lu.se","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137844"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026199499","display_name":"Per Gunnar Nilsson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7983-9778","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7983-9778"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I187531555","display_name":"Lund University","ror":"https://ror.org/012a77v79","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I187531555"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Per Nilsson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiation Physics, Lund University Hospital, Lund, Sweden","Medical Radiation Physics, Lund"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiation Physics, Lund University Hospital, Lund, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I187531555"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medical Radiation Physics, Lund","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I187531555"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090984190","display_name":"Tommy Kn\u00f6\u00f6s","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0823-312X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0823-312X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I187531555","display_name":"Lund University","ror":"https://ror.org/012a77v79","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I187531555"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tommy Kn\u00f6\u00f6s","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiation Physics, Lund University Hospital, Lund, Sweden","Medical Radiation Physics, Lund"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiation Physics, Lund University Hospital, Lund, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I187531555"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medical Radiation Physics, Lund","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I187531555"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3325,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3325},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.2016,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":26,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86416107,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"47","issue":"2","first_page":"239","last_page":"256"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10358","display_name":"Advanced Radiotherapy Techniques","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3108","display_name":"Radiation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10358","display_name":"Advanced Radiotherapy Techniques","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3108","display_name":"Radiation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11176","display_name":"Radiation Therapy and Dosimetry","score":0.000699999975040555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3108","display_name":"Radiation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10844","display_name":"Radiation Dose and Imaging","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intraoperative-radiotherapy","display_name":"intraoperative radiotherapy","score":0.9919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/absorbed-dose-distribution","display_name":"absorbed dose distribution","score":0.7419999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/output-factors","display_name":"output factors","score":0.9160000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scattered-electrons","display_name":"scattered electrons","score":0.7850000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electron-energy-spectrum","display_name":"electron energy spectrum","score":0.7839999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ionization-chamber-dosimetry","display_name":"ionization chamber dosimetry","score":0.8769999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dosimetric-uncertainty","display_name":"dosimetric uncertainty","score":0.8610000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diamond-detectors","display_name":"diamond detectors","score":0.8799999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/monte-carlo-dosimetry","display_name":"Monte Carlo dosimetry","score":0.6629999876022339}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19499675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232207","display_name":"Monte Carlo method","level":2,"score":0.8372523784637451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75088862","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2291081","display_name":"Dosimetry","level":2,"score":0.8224675059318542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147120987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2225","display_name":"Electron","level":2,"score":0.67694491147995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151337348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q215313","display_name":"Absorbed dose","level":3,"score":0.6368669271469116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104293457","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28324852","display_name":"Imaging phantom","level":2,"score":0.5981287956237793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30475298","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q909554","display_name":"Computational physics","level":1,"score":0.48603349924087524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.47980788350105286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153385146","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18335","display_name":"Radiation","level":2,"score":0.45142900943756104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198291218","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190382","display_name":"Ionization","level":3,"score":0.4512008726596832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151770136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q640610","display_name":"Ionization chamber","level":4,"score":0.4336104393005371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95312477","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207340","display_name":"Cathode ray","level":3,"score":0.4204522669315338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.4019986391067505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184779094","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26383","display_name":"Atomic physics","level":1,"score":0.3221060335636139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.31085389852523804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2989005","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214963","display_name":"Nuclear medicine","level":1,"score":0.3108102083206177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1447361409664154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185544564","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81197","display_name":"Nuclear physics","level":1,"score":0.13892370462417603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.13514867424964905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.10377028584480286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145148216","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36496","display_name":"Ion","level":2,"score":0.07300910353660583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D004583","descriptor_name":"Electrons","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009010","descriptor_name":"Monte Carlo Method","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011874","descriptor_name":"Radiometry","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011878","descriptor_name":"Radiotherapy","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012542","descriptor_name":"Scattering, Radiation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1088/0031-9155/47/2/305","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0031-9155/47/2/305","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0031-9155/47/2/305","pdf_url":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0031-9155/47/2/305/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S20241394","display_name":"Physics in Medicine and Biology","issn_l":"0031-9155","issn":["0031-9155","1361-6560"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320083","host_organization_name":"IOP Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320083","https://openalex.org/P4310311669"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOP Publishing","Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Physics in Medicine and Biology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:11837615","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11837615","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Physics in medicine and biology","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:lup.lub.lu.se:aa511dbe-811a-4c78-a3dd-321573f4976b","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://lup.lub.lu.se/record/106078","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400536","display_name":"Lund University Publications (Lund University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I187531555","host_organization_name":"Lund University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I187531555"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISSN: 1361-6560","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1088/0031-9155/47/2/305","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0031-9155/47/2/305","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0031-9155/47/2/305","pdf_url":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0031-9155/47/2/305/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S20241394","display_name":"Physics in Medicine and Biology","issn_l":"0031-9155","issn":["0031-9155","1361-6560"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320083","host_organization_name":"IOP Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320083","https://openalex.org/P4310311669"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IOP Publishing","Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Physics in Medicine and Biology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6240000128746033,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320006","display_name":"Royal Society","ror":"https://ror.org/03wnrjx87"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321806","display_name":"Lunds Universitet","ror":"https://ror.org/012a77v79"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323415","display_name":"Kungliga Fysiografiska S\u00e4llskapet i Lund","ror":"https://ror.org/05rnj0j91"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334601","display_name":"National Research Council Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/04mte1k06"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2000309085.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2000309085.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1973973028","https://openalex.org/W1974402032","https://openalex.org/W1979275366","https://openalex.org/W1979633493","https://openalex.org/W1984566328","https://openalex.org/W1986217883","https://openalex.org/W1991862962","https://openalex.org/W2002040078","https://openalex.org/W2003628156","https://openalex.org/W2004598119","https://openalex.org/W2007633804","https://openalex.org/W2007988347","https://openalex.org/W2015707383","https://openalex.org/W2021117787","https://openalex.org/W2021923101","https://openalex.org/W2029622072","https://openalex.org/W2030210170","https://openalex.org/W2031878896","https://openalex.org/W2038776469","https://openalex.org/W2038897606","https://openalex.org/W2043249533","https://openalex.org/W2050633774","https://openalex.org/W2055120516","https://openalex.org/W2055954927","https://openalex.org/W2063773281","https://openalex.org/W2074128924","https://openalex.org/W2076570493","https://openalex.org/W2081444891","https://openalex.org/W2083193075","https://openalex.org/W2083198355","https://openalex.org/W2083634642","https://openalex.org/W2087408781","https://openalex.org/W2091361931","https://openalex.org/W2100184060","https://openalex.org/W2133801538","https://openalex.org/W2134689147","https://openalex.org/W2299367507","https://openalex.org/W3018357772","https://openalex.org/W3044356968"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W805149087","https://openalex.org/W431629923","https://openalex.org/W4296293107","https://openalex.org/W1976937898","https://openalex.org/W2514129091","https://openalex.org/W2057088674","https://openalex.org/W3112966658","https://openalex.org/W4252139336","https://openalex.org/W7054602740","https://openalex.org/W2003628156"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Degraded":[0],"electron":[1,21,107,135,248],"beams,":[2,37],"as":[3,157,159],"used":[4,53,130,226],"for":[5,195,231,251],"intraoperative":[6,140],"radiation":[7],"therapy":[8,22],"(IORT)":[9],"or":[10,78,271],"similar":[11,252],"complicated":[12,253],"dosimetric":[13,131,254],"situations,":[14],"have":[15],"different":[16,119],"characteristics":[17,109],"compared":[18,191],"to":[19,34,54,122,152,179,192,227],"conventional":[20,106],"beams.":[23,197],"If":[24],"international":[25],"dosimetry":[26,224],"protocols":[27],"are":[28,74,95,137],"applied":[29],"in":[30,42,65,133,246],"a":[31,144,153,160,186,262],"direct":[32],"manner":[33],"such":[35],"degraded":[36],"uncertainties":[38,127],"will":[39],"be":[40,218,257],"introduced":[41,219],"the":[43,89,116,167,173,182,201,205,213,232],"absorbed":[44,59,240],"dose":[45,60,72,171,184,189,241],"determination.":[46],"The":[47,84,139,170],"Monte":[48,69],"Carlo":[49,70],"method":[50],"has":[51],"been":[52],"verify":[55],"experimentally":[56],"determined":[57,258],"relative":[58,239],"distributions":[61,73,114,242],"and":[62,105,115,126,243,250,265],"output":[63,86,93,229,244],"factors":[64,230,245],"an":[66,210],"IORT":[67,90,104,134,234,247],"geometry.":[68],"generated":[71],"mostly":[75,96],"within":[76,97],"+/-2%":[77],"+/-2":[79],"mm":[80],"of":[81,99,118,128,147,164,181,188,200,212,215],"measured":[82,100],"data.":[83],"simulated":[85],"variation":[87],"between":[88],"cones":[91],"(relative":[92],"factors)":[94],"2%":[98],"values.":[101],"By":[102],"comparing":[103],"beam":[108],"(e.g.":[110,268],"energy":[111,155,202,264],"spectra,":[112],"angular":[113,162,266],"contributions":[117],"system":[120],"components":[121],"these":[123],"quantities)":[124],"limitations":[125],"commonly":[129],"techniques":[132],"fields":[136],"quantified.":[138],"treatment":[141],"field":[142],"contains":[143],"larger":[145],"amount":[146],"scattered":[148,174],"electrons,":[149],"which":[150],"leads":[151],"broader":[154],"spectrum":[156],"well":[158],"wider":[161],"distribution":[163],"electrons":[165,175],"at":[166,185,204],"phantom":[168],"surface.":[169],"from":[172],"can":[176,217],"contribute":[177],"up":[178],"40%":[180],"total":[183],"depth":[187,207],"maximum,":[190],"approximately":[193],"10%":[194],"standard":[196],"A":[198],"study":[199],"spectra":[203],"reference":[206],"reveals":[208],"that":[209,238],"uncertainty":[211],"order":[214],"1%":[216],"if":[220],"ionization":[221],"chamber":[222],"based":[223],"is":[225],"determine":[228],"investigated":[233],"system.":[235],"We":[236],"recommend":[237],"beams":[249],"situations":[255],"should":[256],"with":[259],"detectors":[260,270],"having":[261],"small":[263],"dependence":[267],"diamond":[269],"p-Si":[272],"diodes).":[273]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}