{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2000301820","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1161/01.cir.59.6.1284","title":"Ultrastructure and transmembrane potentials of cardiac muscle in the human anterior mitral valve leaflet.","display_name":"Ultrastructure and transmembrane potentials of cardiac muscle in the human anterior mitral valve leaflet.","publication_year":1979,"publication_date":"1979-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2000301820","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1161/01.cir.59.6.1284","mag":"2000301820","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/436220"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1161/01.cir.59.6.1284","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1161/01.cir.59.6.1284","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1161/01.cir.59.6.1284","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116251202","display_name":"Circulation","issn_l":"0009-7322","issn":["0009-7322","1524-4539"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315671","host_organization_name":"Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315671","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Circulation","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000705640","display_name":"Andrew L. Wit","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9664-6302","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9664-6302"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A L Wit","raw_affiliation_strings":["A L Wit"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"A L Wit","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112175568","display_name":"J J Fenoglio","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J J Fenoglio","raw_affiliation_strings":["J J FenoglioJr"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"J J FenoglioJr","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034772563","display_name":"Allan J. Hordof","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A J Hordof","raw_affiliation_strings":["A J Hordof"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"A J Hordof","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083083794","display_name":"K Reemtsma","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K Reemtsma","raw_affiliation_strings":["K Reemtsma"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"K Reemtsma","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.1706,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":96,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96381579,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"59","issue":"6","first_page":"1284","last_page":"1292"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10217","display_name":"Cardiac electrophysiology and arrhythmias","score":0.9682999849319458,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10217","display_name":"Cardiac electrophysiology and arrhythmias","score":0.9682999849319458,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11217","display_name":"Cardiac Arrhythmias and Treatments","score":0.02759999968111515,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10172","display_name":"Cardiac Valve Diseases and Treatments","score":0.0010999999940395355,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mitral-valve-leaflets","display_name":"mitral valve leaflets","score":0.8849999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/atrial-muscle","display_name":"atrial muscle","score":0.8840000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cardiac-ultrastructure","display_name":"cardiac ultrastructure","score":0.7889999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/membrane-potential","display_name":"membrane potential","score":0.8339999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/action-potential","display_name":"action potential","score":0.6420000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intercalated-discs","display_name":"intercalated discs","score":0.9629999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automaticity","display_name":"automaticity","score":0.5920000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/delayed-afterdepolarizations","display_name":"delayed afterdepolarizations","score":0.7419999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/triggered-activity","display_name":"triggered activity","score":0.8519999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arrhythmia-origin","display_name":"arrhythmia origin","score":0.8259999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epinephrine","display_name":"epinephrine","score":0.9539999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acetylcholine","display_name":"acetylcholine","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/verapamil","display_name":"verapamil","score":0.9750000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heart-transplantation","display_name":"heart transplantation","score":0.35600000619888306}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.6845789551734924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24530287","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q424204","display_name":"Transmembrane protein","level":3,"score":0.6350728273391724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777543888","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q369939","display_name":"Mitral valve","level":2,"score":0.5349686741828918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105702510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q514","display_name":"Anatomy","level":1,"score":0.4795208275318146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983437453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1072","display_name":"Human heart","level":2,"score":0.4396352767944336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776659728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q887004","display_name":"Leaflet (botany)","level":2,"score":0.4168829023838043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164705383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10379","display_name":"Cardiology","level":1,"score":0.4090329110622406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.3576078414916992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.09923893213272095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.05184495449066162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170493617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208467","display_name":"Receptor","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000109","descriptor_name":"Acetylcholine","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000109","descriptor_name":"Acetylcholine","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000109","descriptor_name":"Acetylcholine","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000200","descriptor_name":"Action Potentials","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000200","descriptor_name":"Action Potentials","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000200","descriptor_name":"Action Potentials","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004594","descriptor_name":"Electrophysiology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004594","descriptor_name":"Electrophysiology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004594","descriptor_name":"Electrophysiology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004837","descriptor_name":"Epinephrine","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004837","descriptor_name":"Epinephrine","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004837","descriptor_name":"Epinephrine","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006329","descriptor_name":"Heart Conduction System","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006329","descriptor_name":"Heart Conduction System","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006329","descriptor_name":"Heart Conduction System","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008943","descriptor_name":"Mitral Valve","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008943","descriptor_name":"Mitral Valve","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008943","descriptor_name":"Mitral Valve","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008943","descriptor_name":"Mitral Valve","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008943","descriptor_name":"Mitral Valve","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008943","descriptor_name":"Mitral Valve","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008943","descriptor_name":"Mitral Valve","qualifier_ui":"Q000648","qualifier_name":"ultrastructure","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008943","descriptor_name":"Mitral Valve","qualifier_ui":"Q000648","qualifier_name":"ultrastructure","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008943","descriptor_name":"Mitral Valve","qualifier_ui":"Q000648","qualifier_name":"ultrastructure","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009200","descriptor_name":"Myocardial Contraction","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009200","descriptor_name":"Myocardial Contraction","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009200","descriptor_name":"Myocardial Contraction","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009206","descriptor_name":"Myocardium","qualifier_ui":"Q000648","qualifier_name":"ultrastructure","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009206","descriptor_name":"Myocardium","qualifier_ui":"Q000648","qualifier_name":"ultrastructure","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009206","descriptor_name":"Myocardium","qualifier_ui":"Q000648","qualifier_name":"ultrastructure","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014700","descriptor_name":"Verapamil","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014700","descriptor_name":"Verapamil","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014700","descriptor_name":"Verapamil","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1161/01.cir.59.6.1284","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1161/01.cir.59.6.1284","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1161/01.cir.59.6.1284","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116251202","display_name":"Circulation","issn_l":"0009-7322","issn":["0009-7322","1524-4539"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315671","host_organization_name":"Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315671","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Circulation","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:436220","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/436220","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Circulation","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.946.667","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.946.667","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/59/6/1284.full.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9391000270843506}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.550000011920929}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1556532717","https://openalex.org/W1987534776","https://openalex.org/W1993956019","https://openalex.org/W2019056133","https://openalex.org/W2028301307","https://openalex.org/W2049286379","https://openalex.org/W2052092333","https://openalex.org/W2071649836","https://openalex.org/W2072364499","https://openalex.org/W2084521329","https://openalex.org/W2092815726","https://openalex.org/W2110938622","https://openalex.org/W2153223961","https://openalex.org/W2157352895","https://openalex.org/W2162860265"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2136586755","https://openalex.org/W2110938622","https://openalex.org/W1973332173","https://openalex.org/W2417997298","https://openalex.org/W2094573139","https://openalex.org/W2009824545","https://openalex.org/W2064558765","https://openalex.org/W1970142051","https://openalex.org/W2087204062","https://openalex.org/W7217260700"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"SUMMARY":[0],"We":[1],"studied":[2],"the":[3,15,39,70,119,122,156,186,203,210,213,218],"ultrastructure":[4],"and":[5,50,98,107,133,170,177,193],"electrophysiology":[6],"of":[7,17,20,27,60,75,118,124,143,158,198,200,212,220],"an":[8],"anterior":[9,25],"mitral":[10,30,188,215],"valve":[11,31,127,189,219],"leaflet":[12,26],"obtained":[13],"from":[14,79],"heart":[16],"a":[18,21,138,196],"recipient":[19],"cardiac":[22,183],"transplant.":[23],"The":[24,43,87,141],"this":[28],"human":[29,187,204],"contained":[32,51],"atrial":[33,41],"muscle":[34,44,64,88,128,184],"in":[35,48,57,185,202],"direct":[36],"continuity":[37],"with":[38,66,101],"left":[40],"myocardium.":[42],"fibers":[45,89],"were":[46,55,77,173],"3-6,":[47],"diameter":[49],"atrial-specific":[52],"granules.":[53],"They":[54],"arranged":[56],"longitudinal":[58],"bands":[59],"two":[61],"or":[62],"three":[63],"cells":[65,76],"intercalated":[67],"discs":[68],"at":[69,137],"cellular":[71],"poles.":[72],"These":[73],"groups":[74],"separated":[78],"one":[80],"another":[81],"by":[82,148,175],"abun-dant":[83],"loose":[84],"connective":[85],"tissue.":[86],"had":[90,129],"maximum":[91],"diastolic":[92],"potentials":[93,100],"of-61":[94],"\u00b1":[95,111],"8":[96],"mV":[97],"action":[99],"slow":[102,139],"upstrokes":[103],"(Vmax":[104],"<15":[105],"V/sec)":[106],"low":[108],"amplitudes":[109],"(66":[110],"6":[112],"mV)":[113],"occurred":[114],"during":[115],"electrical":[116,125,151],"stimulation":[117],"valve.":[120],"In":[121],"absence":[123],"stimulation,":[126,152],"phase":[130],"4":[131],"depolarization":[132],"initiated":[134],"automatic":[135],"impulses":[136,192],"rate.":[140],"rate":[142],"impulse":[144],"initiation":[145],"was":[146],"increased":[147],"epinephrine.":[149],"During":[150],"epinephrine":[153],"also":[154],"caused":[155],"appearance":[157],"delayed":[159],"afterdepolarizations.":[160],"Triggered":[161],"sustained":[162],"rhythmic":[163],"activity":[164,172],"could":[165],"be":[166,195],"elicited.":[167],"Delayed":[168],"afterdepolarizations":[169],"triggered":[171],"abolished":[174],"acetylcholine":[176],"verapamil.":[178],"Our":[179],"results":[180],"indicate":[181],"that":[182],"can":[190],"initiate":[191],"might":[194],"site":[197],"origin":[199],"arrhythmias":[201],"heart.":[205],"ATRIAL":[206],"MUSCLE":[207],"EXTENDS":[208],"into":[209],"leaflets":[211],"mammalian":[214],"valve,":[216],"including":[217]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-08-26T07:47:46.906454","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}