{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2000283805","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4082/kjfm.2013.34.6.413","title":"Factors Associated with Serum Levels of Carcinoembryonic Antigen in Healthy Non-smokers","display_name":"Factors Associated with Serum Levels of Carcinoembryonic Antigen in Healthy Non-smokers","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2000283805","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4082/kjfm.2013.34.6.413","mag":"2000283805","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24340163","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3856283"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.4082/kjfm.2013.34.6.413","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4082/kjfm.2013.34.6.413","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4082/kjfm.2013.34.6.413","pdf_url":"https://www.kjfm.or.kr/upload/pdf/kjfm-34-413.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3223038","display_name":"Korean Journal of Family Medicine","issn_l":"2005-6443","issn":["2005-6443","2092-6715"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","kci-registered","poland-20","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4366721409","host_organization_name":"Korean Academy of Family Medicine","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4366721409"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Korean Academy of Family Medicine"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Korean Journal of Family Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://www.kjfm.or.kr/upload/pdf/kjfm-34-413.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112090062","display_name":"Jung-Im No","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210125500","display_name":"Daejeon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University","ror":"https://ror.org/0367gm239","country_code":"KR","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21028721","https://openalex.org/I4210125500","https://openalex.org/I4210164890"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jung-Im No","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Family Medicine, Eulji University Hospital, Daejeon, Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Family Medicine, Eulji University Hospital, Daejeon, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210125500"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086110890","display_name":"Jung-Yoon Yang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210125500","display_name":"Daejeon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University","ror":"https://ror.org/0367gm239","country_code":"KR","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21028721","https://openalex.org/I4210125500","https://openalex.org/I4210164890"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jung-Yoon Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Family Medicine, Eulji University Hospital, Daejeon, Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Family Medicine, Eulji University Hospital, Daejeon, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210125500"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029938930","display_name":"Han Jae Hyun","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210125500","display_name":"Daejeon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University","ror":"https://ror.org/0367gm239","country_code":"KR","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21028721","https://openalex.org/I4210125500","https://openalex.org/I4210164890"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Han Jae Hyun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Family Medicine, Eulji University Hospital, Daejeon, Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Family Medicine, Eulji University Hospital, Daejeon, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210125500"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022102872","display_name":"Choi Si Yeon","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210125500","display_name":"Daejeon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University","ror":"https://ror.org/0367gm239","country_code":"KR","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21028721","https://openalex.org/I4210125500","https://openalex.org/I4210164890"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Choi Si Yeon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Family Medicine, Eulji University Hospital, Daejeon, Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Family Medicine, Eulji University Hospital, Daejeon, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210125500"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101769839","display_name":"Hee-Jeong Choi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9734-3285","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9734-3285"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210125500","display_name":"Daejeon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University","ror":"https://ror.org/0367gm239","country_code":"KR","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21028721","https://openalex.org/I4210125500","https://openalex.org/I4210164890"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hee-Jeong Choi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Family Medicine, Eulji University Hospital, Daejeon, Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Family Medicine, Eulji University Hospital, Daejeon, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210125500"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101769839"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210125500"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.6296,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":26,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82974029,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"34","issue":"6","first_page":"413","last_page":"413"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10528","display_name":"Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases","score":0.548799991607666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10528","display_name":"Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases","score":0.548799991607666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10027","display_name":"Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins","score":0.08980000019073486,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11355","display_name":"Inflammatory Biomarkers in Disease Prognosis","score":0.07540000230073929,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2730","display_name":"Oncology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carcinoembryonic-antigen","display_name":"carcinoembryonic antigen","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/serum-cea-levels","display_name":"serum CEA levels","score":0.8149999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hba1c","display_name":"HbA1c","score":0.8730000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fasting-blood-glucose","display_name":"fasting blood glucose","score":0.8489999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/insulin-resistance","display_name":"insulin resistance","score":0.972000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chronic-low-grade-inflammation","display_name":"low-grade inflammation","score":0.7609999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/c-reactive-protein","display_name":"C-reactive protein","score":0.9259999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hdl-cholesterol","display_name":"HDL cholesterol","score":0.953000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estimated-glomerular-filtration-rate","display_name":"estimated glomerular filtration rate","score":0.8669999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aspartate-aminotransferase","display_name":"aspartate aminotransferase","score":0.8859999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sex-differences","display_name":"sex differences","score":0.7250000238418579}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.9141167402267456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777387746","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q769706","display_name":"Carcinoembryonic antigen","level":3,"score":0.8487812280654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.7463663220405579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777391703","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1053470","display_name":"Insulin resistance","level":3,"score":0.641534686088562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.6186560392379761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.41594985127449036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780072125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28350","display_name":"Lipoprotein","level":3,"score":0.41454654932022095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778163477","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43656","display_name":"Cholesterol","level":2,"score":0.3702514171600342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779306644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2002370","display_name":"Insulin","level":2,"score":0.30402129888534546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121608353","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12078","display_name":"Cancer","level":2,"score":0.1361757218837738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.4082/kjfm.2013.34.6.413","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4082/kjfm.2013.34.6.413","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4082/kjfm.2013.34.6.413","pdf_url":"https://www.kjfm.or.kr/upload/pdf/kjfm-34-413.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3223038","display_name":"Korean Journal of Family Medicine","issn_l":"2005-6443","issn":["2005-6443","2092-6715"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","kci-registered","poland-20","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4366721409","host_organization_name":"Korean Academy of Family Medicine","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4366721409"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Korean Academy of Family Medicine"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Korean Journal of Family Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:2843826","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3856283","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:24340163","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24340163","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Korean journal of family medicine","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:3856283","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3856283/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Korean J Fam Med","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.836.5232","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.836.5232","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://synapse.koreamed.org/Synapse/Data/PDFData/0001KJFM/kjfm-34-413.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.4082/kjfm.2013.34.6.413","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4082/kjfm.2013.34.6.413","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4082/kjfm.2013.34.6.413","pdf_url":"https://www.kjfm.or.kr/upload/pdf/kjfm-34-413.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3223038","display_name":"Korean Journal of Family Medicine","issn_l":"2005-6443","issn":["2005-6443","2092-6715"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","kci-registered","poland-20","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4366721409","host_organization_name":"Korean Academy of Family Medicine","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4366721409"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Korean Academy of Family Medicine"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Korean Journal of Family Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":1.0}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2000283805.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2000283805.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W8539555","https://openalex.org/W98529972","https://openalex.org/W178917419","https://openalex.org/W1972602644","https://openalex.org/W1991457029","https://openalex.org/W1994261655","https://openalex.org/W1995891817","https://openalex.org/W2022134581","https://openalex.org/W2028432686","https://openalex.org/W2032463955","https://openalex.org/W2039189755","https://openalex.org/W2064476958","https://openalex.org/W2068151605","https://openalex.org/W2075820722","https://openalex.org/W2088576225","https://openalex.org/W2106811989","https://openalex.org/W2123289485","https://openalex.org/W2144252972","https://openalex.org/W2152377123"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2188964113","https://openalex.org/W2593339082","https://openalex.org/W2951015307","https://openalex.org/W2781525490","https://openalex.org/W2614420746","https://openalex.org/W2349924795","https://openalex.org/W1524263579","https://openalex.org/W2939328283","https://openalex.org/W2487374274","https://openalex.org/W2022043362"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"Carcinoembryonic":[1],"antigen":[2],"(CEA),":[3],"a":[4,11,160],"serological":[5],"marker":[6],"of":[7,42,198,220],"malignant":[8],"tumors,":[9],"demonstrates":[10],"modest":[12],"increase":[13],"under":[14],"nonmalignant":[15],"conditions":[16],"such":[17],"as":[18],"aging":[19],"and":[20,67,102,150],"smoking.":[21],"Also,":[22],"recent":[23],"study":[24,44],"results":[25],"suggested":[26],"that":[27,208],"serum":[28,52,183,209],"CEA":[29,53,93,113,137,164,184,210],"levels":[30,54,165,185,191,211],"may":[31],"be":[32],"related":[33],"to":[34,46],"insulin":[35,199,221],"resistance":[36,200],"or":[37,79,82,86],"low-grade":[38],"inflammation.":[39],"The":[40,91],"aim":[41],"this":[43],"was":[45,60,95,115,139],"investigate":[47],"the":[48,173,202,215],"factors":[49],"associated":[50,188],"with":[51,118,142,189,194],"in":[55,76,100,107,133,172,201],"healthy":[56],"non-smokers.":[57],"METHODS:":[58],"Data":[59],"gathered":[61],"from":[62],"21,501":[63],"adults":[64],"aged":[65],"20":[66],"over.":[68],"We":[69],"excluded":[70],"19,081":[71],"subjects":[72],"who":[73,83],"had":[74,84,159],"omissions":[75],"anthropometric":[77],"measurements":[78],"laboratory":[80],"tests,":[81],"previous":[85],"current":[87],"smoking":[88],"history.":[89],"RESULTS:":[90],"mean":[92],"level":[94,114,138,217],"1.18":[96],"\u00b1":[97,104],"0.85":[98],"ng/dL":[99,106],"males":[101],"0.93":[103],"0.73":[105],"females.":[108],"After":[109],"adjustment":[110],"for":[111],"age,":[112],"positively":[116,140],"correlated":[117,141],"fasting":[119,143],"glucose,":[120,144],"glycosylated":[121],"hemoglobin":[122],"(HbA1C),":[123],"high":[124],"density":[125],"lipoprotein":[126],"(HDL)":[127],"cholesterol,":[128,147],"estimated":[129],"glomerular":[130],"filtration":[131],"rate":[132],"males.":[134],"In":[135,154],"females,":[136],"HbA1C,":[145],"HDL":[146],"aspartate":[148],"aminotransferase,":[149],"high-sensitivity":[151],"C-reactive":[152],"protein.":[153],"both":[155],"gender":[156],"groups,":[157],"HbA1C":[158,190],"strong":[161],"influence":[162],"on":[163],"when":[166],"all":[167],"other":[168],"variables":[169],"were":[170,186],"included":[171],"regression":[174],"model":[175,196],"(P":[176],"<":[177],"0.05).":[178],"CONCLUSION:":[179],"Within":[180],"normal":[181],"range,":[182],"significantly":[187],"but":[192],"not":[193],"homeostasis":[195],"assessment":[197],"non-smoking":[203],"population.":[204],"These":[205],"findings":[206],"suggest":[207],"are":[212],"influenced":[213],"by":[214],"glucose":[216],"itself":[218],"instead":[219],"resistance.":[222]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
