{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2000246796","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.astro.35.1.607","title":"PARSEC-SCALE JETS IN EXTRAGALACTIC RADIO SOURCES","display_name":"PARSEC-SCALE JETS IN EXTRAGALACTIC RADIO SOURCES","publication_year":1997,"publication_date":"1997-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2000246796","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.astro.35.1.607","mag":"2000246796"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1146/annurev.astro.35.1.607","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.astro.35.1.607","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.astro.35.1.607","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S29882555","display_name":"Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics","issn_l":"0066-4146","issn":["0066-4146","1545-4282"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320373","host_organization_name":"Annual Reviews","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320373"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Annual Reviews"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"parent_works":[],"lineage":["https://openalex.org/W2000246796"],"child_works_count":0,"type":"review","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039285826","display_name":"J. A. Zensus","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7470-3321","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7470-3321"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2609998029","display_name":"National Radio Astronomy Observatory","ror":"https://ror.org/04m24yn62","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2609998029","https://openalex.org/I867387847"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"J. Anton Zensus","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Radio Astronomy Observatory, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Radio Astronomy Observatory, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2609998029"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5039285826"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2609998029"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6218,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":230,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.51612903,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"35","issue":"1","first_page":"607","last_page":"636"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10744","display_name":"Astrophysical Phenomena and Observations","score":0.9916999936103821,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10744","display_name":"Astrophysical Phenomena and Observations","score":0.9916999936103821,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10818","display_name":"Astrophysics and Cosmic Phenomena","score":0.0027000000700354576,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3106","display_name":"Nuclear and High Energy Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10026","display_name":"Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena","score":0.002300000051036477,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parsec-scale-jets","display_name":"parsec-scale jets","score":0.8960000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/active-galactic-nuclei","display_name":"active galactic nuclei","score":0.9300000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relativistic-jets","display_name":"relativistic jets","score":0.6449999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relativistic-beaming","display_name":"relativistic beaming","score":0.7300000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relativistic-shocks","display_name":"relativistic shocks","score":0.7300000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/compact-radio-sources","display_name":"compact radio sources","score":0.7369999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/jet-kinematics","display_name":"jet kinematics","score":0.6340000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radio-source-morphology","display_name":"radio source morphology","score":0.5419999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polarization-imaging","display_name":"polarization imaging","score":0.5429999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectral-imaging","display_name":"spectral imaging","score":0.6389999985694885}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79896159","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1148351","display_name":"Very-long-baseline interferometry","level":2,"score":0.9662730693817139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.9385462999343872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44870925","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37547","display_name":"Astrophysics","level":1,"score":0.778853714466095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43481613","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46587","display_name":"Active galactic nucleus","level":3,"score":0.6819807887077332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111717503","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q195385","display_name":"BL Lac object","level":4,"score":0.6223430037498474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44060867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12129","display_name":"Parsec","level":3,"score":0.6187318563461304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145472833","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q284657","display_name":"Astrophysical jet","level":4,"score":0.6096376180648804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205049153","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2698605","display_name":"Polarization (electrochemistry)","level":2,"score":0.5959599614143372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51493423","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2486351","display_name":"Superluminal motion","level":2,"score":0.575075626373291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.543026328086853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50456551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1705752","display_name":"Relativistic beaming","level":4,"score":0.5203815698623657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135041427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83373","display_name":"Quasar","level":3,"score":0.46517109870910645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109792285","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174789","display_name":"Millimeter","level":2,"score":0.4592871367931366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12287442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105902","display_name":"Luminosity","level":3,"score":0.4371527433395386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100752510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221221","display_name":"Blazar","level":3,"score":0.273006409406662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98444146","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q318","display_name":"Galaxy","level":2,"score":0.1800449788570404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7910260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11523","display_name":"Gamma ray","level":2,"score":0.08124059438705444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147789679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11372","display_name":"Physical chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1146/annurev.astro.35.1.607","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.astro.35.1.607","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.astro.35.1.607","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S29882555","display_name":"Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics","issn_l":"0066-4146","issn":["0066-4146","1545-4282"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320373","host_organization_name":"Annual Reviews","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320373"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Annual Reviews"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":163,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W31235354","https://openalex.org/W40752675","https://openalex.org/W81301599","https://openalex.org/W82816181","https://openalex.org/W83934526","https://openalex.org/W168242278","https://openalex.org/W185454084","https://openalex.org/W199603606","https://openalex.org/W983880404","https://openalex.org/W1495071135","https://openalex.org/W1503866011","https://openalex.org/W1522192268","https://openalex.org/W1538944845","https://openalex.org/W1541476529","https://openalex.org/W1581661965","https://openalex.org/W1592381835","https://openalex.org/W1611360285","https://openalex.org/W1631681376","https://openalex.org/W1635746013","https://openalex.org/W1640937173","https://openalex.org/W1664431763","https://openalex.org/W1668543565","https://openalex.org/W1669922017","https://openalex.org/W1674495914","https://openalex.org/W1679968399","https://openalex.org/W1801165912","https://openalex.org/W1804339132","https://openalex.org/W1964180039","https://openalex.org/W1965568584","https://openalex.org/W1965959280","https://openalex.org/W1967274074","https://openalex.org/W1969729738","https://openalex.org/W1970229066","https://openalex.org/W1971397838","https://openalex.org/W1972497557","https://openalex.org/W1973511962","https://openalex.org/W1976198725","https://openalex.org/W1978203628","https://openalex.org/W1979115990","https://openalex.org/W1980150663","https://openalex.org/W1980981917","https://openalex.org/W1983317647","https://openalex.org/W1984793356","https://openalex.org/W1984930678","https://openalex.org/W1985895585","https://openalex.org/W1986885217","https://openalex.org/W1989423544","https://openalex.org/W1989594973","https://openalex.org/W1989762565","https://openalex.org/W1990397111","https://openalex.org/W1990871378","https://openalex.org/W1992067880","https://openalex.org/W1992255126","https://openalex.org/W1992502792","https://openalex.org/W1993190501","https://openalex.org/W1996742276","https://openalex.org/W1999909132","https://openalex.org/W2003600884","https://openalex.org/W2003913435","https://openalex.org/W2004063547","https://openalex.org/W2005326705","https://openalex.org/W2007317821","https://openalex.org/W2010964386","https://openalex.org/W2011128294","https://openalex.org/W2013992343","https://openalex.org/W2015072980","https://openalex.org/W2016079907","https://openalex.org/W2016672160","https://openalex.org/W2017421813","https://openalex.org/W2018689021","https://openalex.org/W2018865386","https://openalex.org/W2020174624","https://openalex.org/W2020423782","https://openalex.org/W2020760004","https://openalex.org/W2021414755","https://openalex.org/W2025765652","https://openalex.org/W2026986142","https://openalex.org/W2028213455","https://openalex.org/W2028425877","https://openalex.org/W2028998331","https://openalex.org/W2029677436","https://openalex.org/W2033188665","https://openalex.org/W2034154107","https://openalex.org/W2034740828","https://openalex.org/W2035232899","https://openalex.org/W2037236827","https://openalex.org/W2037280850","https://openalex.org/W2037675323","https://openalex.org/W2038470042","https://openalex.org/W2038525308","https://openalex.org/W2038823137","https://openalex.org/W2039739129","https://openalex.org/W2040258742","https://openalex.org/W2040630103","https://openalex.org/W2042049413","https://openalex.org/W2043677237","https://openalex.org/W2043930460","https://openalex.org/W2045062688","https://openalex.org/W2046710461","https://openalex.org/W2047957777","https://openalex.org/W2050276909","https://openalex.org/W2050592308","https://openalex.org/W2050709124","https://openalex.org/W2054555387","https://openalex.org/W2057325151","https://openalex.org/W2058636327","https://openalex.org/W2060485109","https://openalex.org/W2065150792","https://openalex.org/W2067239545","https://openalex.org/W2069728012","https://openalex.org/W2072108170","https://openalex.org/W2073153814","https://openalex.org/W2073705071","https://openalex.org/W2074067986","https://openalex.org/W2075179680","https://openalex.org/W2075217044","https://openalex.org/W2075584846","https://openalex.org/W2078429455","https://openalex.org/W2078896663","https://openalex.org/W2079891234","https://openalex.org/W2080563371","https://openalex.org/W2081335820","https://openalex.org/W2082636340","https://openalex.org/W2083672682","https://openalex.org/W2085977426","https://openalex.org/W2089407006","https://openalex.org/W2091778237","https://openalex.org/W2092975024","https://openalex.org/W2097227216","https://openalex.org/W2106508617","https://openalex.org/W2117233176","https://openalex.org/W2120044719","https://openalex.org/W2124219338","https://openalex.org/W2124340215","https://openalex.org/W2126121366","https://openalex.org/W2129947695","https://openalex.org/W2154171423","https://openalex.org/W2156621121","https://openalex.org/W2274061759","https://openalex.org/W2474432065","https://openalex.org/W2521730261","https://openalex.org/W2572794686","https://openalex.org/W2963637635","https://openalex.org/W2990235624","https://openalex.org/W3020959975","https://openalex.org/W3023038754","https://openalex.org/W3047024623","https://openalex.org/W3102630894","https://openalex.org/W3106890511","https://openalex.org/W3119882576","https://openalex.org/W3133807757","https://openalex.org/W3158311820","https://openalex.org/W3172563210","https://openalex.org/W4205250974","https://openalex.org/W4232593527","https://openalex.org/W4233616698","https://openalex.org/W4242103990","https://openalex.org/W4244954064","https://openalex.org/W4248620940","https://openalex.org/W4254196530","https://openalex.org/W4292372260","https://openalex.org/W4298093121","https://openalex.org/W6611320595"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3028566093","https://openalex.org/W2006229492","https://openalex.org/W175634509","https://openalex.org/W1991114630","https://openalex.org/W1483481501","https://openalex.org/W3003471062","https://openalex.org/W3030853302","https://openalex.org/W2088820638","https://openalex.org/W31235354"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"\u25aa":[0],"Abstract":[1],"Observations":[2],"of":[3,46,53,56,66,82,85,99,102,114],"parsec-scale":[4,115],"radio":[5,48],"jets":[6,116],"associated":[7],"with":[8,14,34],"active":[9],"galactic":[10],"nuclei":[11],"are":[12,94],"reviewed,":[13],"a":[15,43],"particular":[16],"emphasis":[17],"on":[18,27],"high-luminosity":[19],"core-dominated":[20],"sources":[21,49],"where":[22],"the":[23,54,100,103],"most":[24],"detailed":[25,89],"information":[26],"individual":[28],"objects":[29],"exists.":[30],"Extensive":[31],"imaging":[32],"surveys":[33],"very":[35],"long":[36],"baseline":[37],"interferometry":[38],"(VLBI)":[39],"have":[40],"made":[41],"possible":[42],"morphologic":[44],"classification":[45],"compact":[47],"and":[50,73,79,111],"systematic":[51],"studies":[52,70],"statistics":[55],"apparent":[57],"(often":[58],"faster-than-light)":[59],"motions":[60],"found":[61],"in":[62,97,119],"an":[63,120],"increasing":[64],"number":[65],"sources.":[67],"VLBI":[68],"monitoring":[69],"at":[71],"centimeter":[72],"millimeter":[74],"wavelengths,":[75],"enhanced":[76],"by":[77],"spectral":[78],"polarization":[80,112],"imaging,":[81],"representative":[83],"types":[84],"AGN":[86],"can":[87],"discriminate":[88],"physical":[90],"models.":[91],"The":[92],"observations":[93],"especially":[95],"discussed":[96],"light":[98],"variant":[101],"relativistic":[104],"beaming":[105],"model":[106],"that":[107],"explains":[108],"kinematic,":[109],"spectral,":[110],"properties":[113],"through":[117],"shocks":[118],"underlying":[121],"continuous":[122],"jet":[123],"flow.":[124]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":34},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-11-14T11:04:58.165337","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}