{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2000236120","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.957486","title":"Coherent Optical Hybrid Techniques For Spectrum Analysis","display_name":"Coherent Optical Hybrid Techniques For Spectrum Analysis","publication_year":1979,"publication_date":"1979-08-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2000236120","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.957486","mag":"2000236120"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1117/12.957486","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.957486","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.957486","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S183492911","display_name":"Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE","issn_l":"0277-786X","issn":["0277-786X","1996-756X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315543","host_organization_name":"SPIE","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315543"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SPIE"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SPIE Proceedings","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019683505","display_name":"Todd R. Bader","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"T. R. Bader","raw_affiliation_strings":["ESL Incorporated (United States)","ESL, Inc. (United States)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ESL Incorporated (United States)","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ESL, Inc. (United States)","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5019683505"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.9282,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.65738556,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"0185","issue":null,"first_page":"140","last_page":"146"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10767","display_name":"Advanced Photonic Communication Systems","score":0.42480000853538513,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10767","display_name":"Advanced Photonic Communication Systems","score":0.42480000853538513,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10232","display_name":"Optical Network Technologies","score":0.08150000125169754,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11050","display_name":"Photorefractive and Nonlinear Optics","score":0.0697999969124794,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.7573461532592773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132794960","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q27304","display_name":"Chirp","level":3,"score":0.7325133681297302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6143286824226379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21200559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7451068","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","level":2,"score":0.4516363739967346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.4433784782886505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137246740","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q583970","display_name":"Spectral efficiency","level":3,"score":0.42147696018218994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203597036","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1238887","display_name":"Local oscillator","level":3,"score":0.4182557463645935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.39643505215644836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.35531121492385864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.32337093353271484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2794504165649414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520434653","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38867","display_name":"Laser","level":2,"score":0.13746967911720276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74064498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3396184","display_name":"Radio frequency","level":2,"score":0.10174080729484558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1117/12.957486","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.957486","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.957486","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S183492911","display_name":"Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE","issn_l":"0277-786X","issn":["0277-786X","1996-756X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315543","host_organization_name":"SPIE","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315543"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SPIE"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SPIE Proceedings","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2086197071","https://openalex.org/W2091273054","https://openalex.org/W1963737929","https://openalex.org/W2039789799","https://openalex.org/W2088025518","https://openalex.org/W2125860093","https://openalex.org/W2353740118","https://openalex.org/W2162269128","https://openalex.org/W4239870974","https://openalex.org/W4237554383"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"hybrid":[1],"optical":[2],"approach":[3],"to":[4],"coherent":[5],"spectrum":[6],"analysis":[7],"realizes":[8],"gains":[9],"associated":[10],"with":[11,31],"time-integrating":[12],"techniques":[13],"while":[14],"still":[15],"retaining":[16],"some":[17],"of":[18,21,25,37],"the":[19],"advantages":[20],"space-integrating":[22],"techniques.":[23],"Measurement":[24],"large":[26,44],"time-bandwidth":[27],"spectra":[28],"is":[29],"performed":[30],"high":[32],"sensitivity,":[33],"efficiency,":[34],"and":[35],"range":[36],"detectable":[38],"signal":[39],"power":[40],"levels,":[41],"particularly":[42],"in":[43],"bandwidth":[45],"applications,":[46],"where":[47],"an":[48],"optically":[49],"transformed":[50],"periodic":[51],"chirp":[52],"forms":[53],"a":[54,59],"distributed":[55],"local":[56],"oscillator":[57],"as":[58],"reference":[60],"for":[61],"time":[62],"integration.":[63]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-08-21T09:56:20.448147","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}