{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2000227815","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.272.5264.1026","title":"Retinal Degeneration in Mice Lacking the \u03b3 Subunit of the Rod cGMP Phosphodiesterase","display_name":"Retinal Degeneration in Mice Lacking the \u03b3 Subunit of the Rod cGMP Phosphodiesterase","publication_year":1996,"publication_date":"1996-05-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2000227815","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.272.5264.1026","mag":"2000227815","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8638127","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2757426"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1126/science.272.5264.1026","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.272.5264.1026","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.272.5264.1026","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3880285","display_name":"Science","issn_l":"0036-8075","issn":["0036-8075","0193-4511","1095-9203"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315823","host_organization_name":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315823"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Association for the Advancement of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2757426","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030588350","display_name":"Stephen H. Tsang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9082-2427","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9082-2427","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3529-0066"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1344073410","display_name":"Howard Hughes Medical Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/006w34k90","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1344073410"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stephen H. Tsang","raw_affiliation_strings":["S. H. Tsang, J. Fisher, S. P. Goff, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"S. H. Tsang, J. Fisher, S. P. Goff, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1344073410","https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017452416","display_name":"Peter Gouras","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8713-6450","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8713-6450"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peter Gouras","raw_affiliation_strings":["P. Gouras and H. Kjeldbye, Edward Harkness Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"P. Gouras and H. Kjeldbye, Edward Harkness Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108394680","display_name":"Clyde K. Yamashita","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161318765","display_name":"University of California, Los Angeles","ror":"https://ror.org/046rm7j60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Clyde K. Yamashita","raw_affiliation_strings":["C. K. Yamashita and D. B. Farber, Jules Stein Eye Institute, Molecular Biology Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"C. K. Yamashita and D. B. Farber, Jules Stein Eye Institute, Molecular Biology Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109010108","display_name":"Hild M. Kjeldbye","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hild Kjeldbye","raw_affiliation_strings":["P. Gouras and H. Kjeldbye, Edward Harkness Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"P. Gouras and H. Kjeldbye, Edward Harkness Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007599704","display_name":"John Fisher","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1344073410","display_name":"Howard Hughes Medical Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/006w34k90","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1344073410"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"John Fisher","raw_affiliation_strings":["S. H. Tsang, J. Fisher, S. P. Goff, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"S. H. Tsang, J. Fisher, S. P. Goff, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1344073410","https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005767794","display_name":"Debora B. Farber","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3207-697X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3207-697X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161318765","display_name":"University of California, Los Angeles","ror":"https://ror.org/046rm7j60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Debora B. Farber","raw_affiliation_strings":["C. K. Yamashita and D. B. Farber, Jules Stein Eye Institute, Molecular Biology Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"C. K. Yamashita and D. B. Farber, Jules Stein Eye Institute, Molecular Biology Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011044102","display_name":"Stephen P. Goff","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9679-0582","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9679-0582"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1344073410","display_name":"Howard Hughes Medical Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/006w34k90","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1344073410"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Stephen P. Goff","raw_affiliation_strings":["S. H. Tsang, J. Fisher, S. P. Goff, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"S. H. Tsang, J. Fisher, S. P. Goff, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1344073410","https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5007599704","https://openalex.org/A5011044102"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1344073410","https://openalex.org/I78577930"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.4077,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":181,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93372873,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"272","issue":"5264","first_page":"1026","last_page":"1029"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10691","display_name":"Retinal Development and Disorders","score":0.7411999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10691","display_name":"Retinal Development and Disorders","score":0.7411999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12434","display_name":"Phosphodiesterase function and regulation","score":0.2563000023365021,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11412","display_name":"Genetic and Kidney Cyst Diseases","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/retinal-degeneration","display_name":"retinal degeneration","score":0.9290000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/retinitis-pigmentosa","display_name":"retinitis pigmentosa","score":0.925000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phototransduction","display_name":"phototransduction","score":0.984000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photoreceptors","display_name":"photoreceptors","score":0.875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enzyme-inhibition","display_name":"enzyme inhibition","score":0.45399999618530273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gene-targeting","display_name":"gene targeting","score":0.6499999761581421}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131667965","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q445081","display_name":"Visual phototransduction","level":3,"score":0.9793188571929932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62826618","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q424304","display_name":"Phosphodiesterase","level":3,"score":0.8015027046203613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781114197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q847057","display_name":"Retinitis pigmentosa","level":3,"score":0.7862162590026855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781040256","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7316761","display_name":"Retinal degeneration","level":3,"score":0.7313117980957031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104292427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899781","display_name":"Protein subunit","level":3,"score":0.6616607308387756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780994212","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422511","display_name":"Cyclic guanosine monophosphate","level":3,"score":0.617219090461731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777995097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422462","display_name":"Guanosine","level":2,"score":0.5698040127754211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95444343","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7141","display_name":"Cell biology","level":1,"score":0.5558675527572632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149574991","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420428","display_name":"Transducin","level":4,"score":0.5251573920249939},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.4843934178352356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780827179","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422001","display_name":"Retinal","level":2,"score":0.4733572006225586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143065580","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3285695","display_name":"Mutant","level":3,"score":0.4659361243247986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.4011809229850769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.3546774983406067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153911025","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7202","display_name":"Molecular biology","level":1,"score":0.3446112275123596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202033177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q423107","display_name":"Rhodopsin","level":3,"score":0.3284297287464142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.3211175203323364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.24311718344688416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181199279","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8047","display_name":"Enzyme","level":2,"score":0.17679911851882935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C519581460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207843","display_name":"Nitric oxide","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001483","descriptor_name":"Base Sequence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002678","descriptor_name":"Chimera","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003433","descriptor_name":"Crosses, Genetic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004596","descriptor_name":"Electroretinography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004789","descriptor_name":"Enzyme Activation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006152","descriptor_name":"Cyclic GMP","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008027","descriptor_name":"Light","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008810","descriptor_name":"Mice, Inbred C57BL","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008969","descriptor_name":"Molecular Sequence Data","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009154","descriptor_name":"Mutation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010641","descriptor_name":"Phenotype","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012160","descriptor_name":"Retina","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012160","descriptor_name":"Retina","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012160","descriptor_name":"Retina","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012162","descriptor_name":"Retinal Degeneration","qualifier_ui":"Q000201","qualifier_name":"enzymology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012162","descriptor_name":"Retinal Degeneration","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012162","descriptor_name":"Retinal Degeneration","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012174","descriptor_name":"Retinitis Pigmentosa","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015106","descriptor_name":"3',5'-Cyclic-GMP Phosphodiesterases","qualifier_ui":"Q000172","qualifier_name":"deficiency","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015106","descriptor_name":"3',5'-Cyclic-GMP Phosphodiesterases","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015106","descriptor_name":"3',5'-Cyclic-GMP Phosphodiesterases","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017948","descriptor_name":"Retinal Rod Photoreceptor Cells","qualifier_ui":"Q000201","qualifier_name":"enzymology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017948","descriptor_name":"Retinal Rod Photoreceptor Cells","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017948","descriptor_name":"Retinal Rod Photoreceptor Cells","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018390","descriptor_name":"Gene Targeting","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D051379","descriptor_name":"Mice","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1126/science.272.5264.1026","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.272.5264.1026","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.272.5264.1026","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3880285","display_name":"Science","issn_l":"0036-8075","issn":["0036-8075","0193-4511","1095-9203"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315823","host_organization_name":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315823"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Association for the Advancement of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:8638127","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8638127","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Science (New York, N.Y.)","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:2757426","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2757426","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Science","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:2757426","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2757426","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Science","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1353441219","display_name":"TAMOXIFEN-INDUCED KNOCK-OUT OF A RETINAL GENE","funder_award_id":"K08EY000408","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337350","funder_display_name":"National Eye Institute"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3435386943","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"T32 GM 073667-14","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337354","funder_display_name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3577989994","display_name":"Molecular Mechanisms in Retinal Degeneration","funder_award_id":"R01EY008285","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337350","funder_display_name":"National Eye Institute"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G936557948","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EY08285","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337350","funder_display_name":"National Eye Institute"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337350","display_name":"National Eye Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03wkg3b53"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337354","display_name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04q48ey07"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":48,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W15527184","https://openalex.org/W20397492","https://openalex.org/W28937495","https://openalex.org/W45780609","https://openalex.org/W47301177","https://openalex.org/W111988334","https://openalex.org/W118946286","https://openalex.org/W154833763","https://openalex.org/W168206613","https://openalex.org/W179970327","https://openalex.org/W1514240524","https://openalex.org/W1566233194","https://openalex.org/W1570762629","https://openalex.org/W1575417106","https://openalex.org/W1590179486","https://openalex.org/W1966697925","https://openalex.org/W1970286448","https://openalex.org/W1971420793","https://openalex.org/W1973505127","https://openalex.org/W1989683816","https://openalex.org/W2001562555","https://openalex.org/W2003581545","https://openalex.org/W2003786504","https://openalex.org/W2009415098","https://openalex.org/W2016542329","https://openalex.org/W2025299744","https://openalex.org/W2025368485","https://openalex.org/W2027588113","https://openalex.org/W2028803712","https://openalex.org/W2029944729","https://openalex.org/W2031604547","https://openalex.org/W2032489802","https://openalex.org/W2039830515","https://openalex.org/W2041102000","https://openalex.org/W2049287869","https://openalex.org/W2050662518","https://openalex.org/W2055972850","https://openalex.org/W2062742450","https://openalex.org/W2064304960","https://openalex.org/W2064319275","https://openalex.org/W2065599814","https://openalex.org/W2065792676","https://openalex.org/W2072735811","https://openalex.org/W2086859078","https://openalex.org/W2113506485","https://openalex.org/W2146848900","https://openalex.org/W2150670523","https://openalex.org/W2169633574"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2033900858","https://openalex.org/W1984648875","https://openalex.org/W2027461024","https://openalex.org/W2082540519","https://openalex.org/W2111923048","https://openalex.org/W1972591415","https://openalex.org/W2243806186","https://openalex.org/W2023849298","https://openalex.org/W2086859078","https://openalex.org/W1974999878"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"retinal":[1,53],"cyclic":[2],"guanosine":[3],"3',5'-monophosphate":[4],"(cGMP)":[5],"phosphodiesterase":[6],"(PDE)":[7],"is":[8],"a":[9,22,51],"key":[10],"regulator":[11],"of":[12,21,25,91,96],"phototransduction":[13],"in":[14,50,99],"the":[15,43,71,81,92],"vertebrate":[16],"visual":[17],"system.":[18],"PDE":[19,67,97],"consists":[20],"catalytic":[23],"core":[24],"alpha":[26],"and":[27,94],"beta":[28],"subunits":[29],"associated":[30],"with":[31],"two":[32],"inhibitory":[33,82],"gamma":[34,83],"subunits.":[35],"A":[36],"gene-targeting":[37],"approach":[38],"was":[39,69,74],"used":[40],"to":[41,86],"disrupt":[42],"mouse":[44],"PDEgamma":[45],"gene.":[46],"This":[47],"mutation":[48],"resulted":[49],"rapid":[52],"degeneration":[54],"resembling":[55],"human":[56],"retinitis":[57],"pigmentosa.":[58],"In":[59],"homozygous":[60],"mutant":[61],"mice,":[62],"reduced":[63],"rather":[64],"than":[65],"increased":[66],"activity":[68,98],"apparent;":[70],"PDEalphabeta":[72],"dimer":[73],"formed":[75],"but":[76],"lacked":[77],"hydrolytic":[78],"activity.":[79],"Thus,":[80],"subunit":[84],"appears":[85],"be":[87],"necessary":[88],"for":[89],"integrity":[90],"photoreceptors":[93],"expression":[95],"vivo.":[100]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}