{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2000201692","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)be.1943-5592.0000219","title":"Life-Cycle Cost Analyses of a New Steel for Bridges","display_name":"Life-Cycle Cost Analyses of a New Steel for Bridges","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-01-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2000201692","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)be.1943-5592.0000219","mag":"2000201692"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1061/(asce)be.1943-5592.0000219","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)be.1943-5592.0000219","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)be.1943-5592.0000219","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S156658909","display_name":"Journal of Bridge Engineering","issn_l":"1084-0702","issn":["1084-0702","1943-5592"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315747","host_organization_name":"American Society of Civil Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315747"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Society of Civil Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Bridge Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000360753","display_name":"Nader M. Okasha","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0161-0540","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0161-0540"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I186143895","display_name":"Lehigh University","ror":"https://ror.org/012afjb06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186143895"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210148910","display_name":"ArcelorMittal (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/03ycssf34","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210148910","https://openalex.org/I50754188"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nader M. Okasha","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate Research Assistant, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, ATLSS Center, Lehigh Univ., 117 ATLSS Dr., Bethlehem, PA 18015-4729","Principal Research Engineer, ArcelorMittal Global R&D, Coatesville, PA 19320","Professor and Fazlur R. Khan Endowed Chair of Structural Engineering and Architecture, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, ATLSS Center, Lehigh Univ., 117 ATLSS Dr. Bethlehem, PA 18015-4729 (corresponding author)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate Research Assistant, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, ATLSS Center, Lehigh Univ., 117 ATLSS Dr., Bethlehem, PA 18015-4729","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186143895"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Principal Research Engineer, ArcelorMittal Global R&D, Coatesville, PA 19320","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210148910"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Professor and Fazlur R. Khan Endowed Chair of Structural Engineering and Architecture, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, ATLSS Center, Lehigh Univ., 117 ATLSS Dr. Bethlehem, PA 18015-4729 (corresponding author)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186143895"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077403931","display_name":"Dan M. Frangopol","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9213-0683","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9213-0683"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I186143895","display_name":"Lehigh University","ror":"https://ror.org/012afjb06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186143895"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210148910","display_name":"ArcelorMittal (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/03ycssf34","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210148910","https://openalex.org/I50754188"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dan M. Frangopol","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate Research Assistant, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, ATLSS Center, Lehigh Univ., 117 ATLSS Dr., Bethlehem, PA 18015-4729","Principal Research Engineer, ArcelorMittal Global R&D, Coatesville, PA 19320","Professor and Fazlur R. Khan Endowed Chair of Structural Engineering and Architecture, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, ATLSS Center, Lehigh Univ., 117 ATLSS Dr. Bethlehem, PA 18015-4729 (corresponding author)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate Research Assistant, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, ATLSS Center, Lehigh Univ., 117 ATLSS Dr., Bethlehem, PA 18015-4729","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186143895"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Principal Research Engineer, ArcelorMittal Global R&D, Coatesville, PA 19320","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210148910"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Professor and Fazlur R. Khan Endowed Chair of Structural Engineering and Architecture, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, ATLSS Center, Lehigh Univ., 117 ATLSS Dr. Bethlehem, PA 18015-4729 (corresponding author)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186143895"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112463226","display_name":"Fred B. Fletcher","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I186143895","display_name":"Lehigh University","ror":"https://ror.org/012afjb06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186143895"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210148910","display_name":"ArcelorMittal (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/03ycssf34","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210148910","https://openalex.org/I50754188"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fred B. Fletcher","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate Research Assistant, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, ATLSS Center, Lehigh Univ., 117 ATLSS Dr., Bethlehem, PA 18015-4729","Principal Research Engineer, ArcelorMittal Global R&D, Coatesville, PA 19320","Professor and Fazlur R. Khan Endowed Chair of Structural Engineering and Architecture, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, ATLSS Center, Lehigh Univ., 117 ATLSS Dr. Bethlehem, PA 18015-4729 (corresponding author)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate Research Assistant, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, ATLSS Center, Lehigh Univ., 117 ATLSS Dr., Bethlehem, PA 18015-4729","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186143895"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Principal Research Engineer, ArcelorMittal Global R&D, Coatesville, PA 19320","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210148910"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Professor and Fazlur R. Khan Endowed Chair of Structural Engineering and Architecture, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, ATLSS Center, Lehigh Univ., 117 ATLSS Dr. Bethlehem, PA 18015-4729 (corresponding author)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186143895"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060258867","display_name":"Alex D. Wilson","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I186143895","display_name":"Lehigh University","ror":"https://ror.org/012afjb06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186143895"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210148910","display_name":"ArcelorMittal (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/03ycssf34","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210148910","https://openalex.org/I50754188"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alex D. Wilson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate Research Assistant, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, ATLSS Center, Lehigh Univ., 117 ATLSS Dr., Bethlehem, PA 18015-4729","Principal Research Engineer, ArcelorMittal Global R&D, Coatesville, PA 19320","Professor and Fazlur R. Khan Endowed Chair of Structural Engineering and Architecture, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, ATLSS Center, Lehigh Univ., 117 ATLSS Dr. Bethlehem, PA 18015-4729 (corresponding author)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate Research Assistant, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, ATLSS Center, Lehigh Univ., 117 ATLSS Dr., Bethlehem, PA 18015-4729","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186143895"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Principal Research Engineer, ArcelorMittal Global R&D, Coatesville, PA 19320","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210148910"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Professor and Fazlur R. Khan Endowed Chair of Structural Engineering and Architecture, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, ATLSS Center, Lehigh Univ., 117 ATLSS Dr. Bethlehem, PA 18015-4729 (corresponding author)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186143895"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.27,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":33,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92485839,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"1","first_page":"168","last_page":"172"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14138","display_name":"Life Cycle Costing Analysis","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1402","display_name":"Accounting"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14138","display_name":"Life Cycle Costing Analysis","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1402","display_name":"Accounting"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11850","display_name":"Concrete Corrosion and Durability","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13031","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering Research","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/life-cycle-cost-analysis","display_name":"life cycle cost analysis","score":0.9070000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/repainting","display_name":"repainting","score":0.8130000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probabilistic-uncertainty-analysis","display_name":"probabilistic uncertainty analysis","score":0.722000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cost-effectiveness","display_name":"cost-effectiveness","score":0.8420000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/service-life","display_name":"service life","score":0.7870000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bridge-maintenance","display_name":"bridge maintenance","score":0.6740000247955322}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100776233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2532492","display_name":"Bridge (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.7353002429008484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168167062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1117970","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","level":2,"score":0.7039955854415894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103208741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1675349","display_name":"Service life","level":2,"score":0.6052955985069275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.5854648351669312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778580826","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6545089","display_name":"Life-cycle cost analysis","level":2,"score":0.5378038287162781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.5207659602165222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983335822","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q942582","display_name":"Cost analysis","level":2,"score":0.44233396649360657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.4134790301322937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77595967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3151013","display_name":"Forensic engineering","level":1,"score":0.37927961349487305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.31396469473838806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2625586986541748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.07115843892097473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1061/(asce)be.1943-5592.0000219","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)be.1943-5592.0000219","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)be.1943-5592.0000219","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S156658909","display_name":"Journal of Bridge Engineering","issn_l":"1084-0702","issn":["1084-0702","1943-5592"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315747","host_organization_name":"American Society of Civil Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315747"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Society of Civil Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Bridge Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5378999710083008,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2597293999","https://openalex.org/W2417950353","https://openalex.org/W2168806097","https://openalex.org/W2012073807","https://openalex.org/W4401102215","https://openalex.org/W849675254","https://openalex.org/W7203744699","https://openalex.org/W2910440387","https://openalex.org/W2347679779","https://openalex.org/W3163806334"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"technical":[1],"note":[2],"presents":[3],"the":[4,15,31,34,51,67,70,84,101,106,110],"computations,":[5],"results,":[6],"and":[7,30,64],"conclusions":[8],"of":[9,19,25,33,40,100,109],"an":[10],"analytical":[11],"investigation":[12],"for":[13,50],"comparing":[14],"life-cycle":[16],"cost":[17,78],"(LCC)":[18],"a":[20,26],"steel":[21,29,36,44,103],"bridge":[22,37,111],"component":[23,38],"made":[24,39],"new":[27,85,102],"maintenance-free":[28],"LCC":[32,52],"same":[35],"conventional":[41],"painted":[42],"carbon":[43],"with":[45],"maintenance":[46],"(repainting).":[47],"An":[48],"approach":[49],"analysis":[53],"is":[54,81,91],"presented":[55],"both":[56],"deterministically,":[57],"where":[58,66],"different":[59],"painting":[60],"scenarios":[61],"are":[62,73],"considered,":[63],"probabilistically,":[65],"uncertainties":[68],"in":[69],"input":[71],"variables":[72],"properly":[74],"considered.":[75],"Under":[76],"reasonable":[77],"assumptions,":[79],"it":[80],"demonstrated":[82],"that":[83],"steel,":[86],"although":[87],"initially":[88],"more":[89],"expensive,":[90],"indeed":[92],"cost-effective":[93],"after":[94],"approximately":[95],"15":[96],"years.":[97],"The":[98],"LCC-effectiveness":[99],"increases":[104],"over":[105],"service":[107],"life":[108],"component.":[112]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-11T09:32:39.932853","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}