{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2000192035","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1162/artl_a_00120","title":"Harnessing Our Very Life","display_name":"Harnessing Our Very Life","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-07-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2000192035","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1162/artl_a_00120","mag":"2000192035","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23889745"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1162/artl_a_00120","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1162/artl_a_00120","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1162/artl_a_00120","pdf_url":"https://direct.mit.edu/artl/article-pdf/19/3_4/451/1663964/artl_a_00120.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2181302","display_name":"Artificial Life","issn_l":"1064-5462","issn":["1064-5462","1530-9185"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","ccf-c","cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-40","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315718","host_organization_name":"The MIT Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315718","https://openalex.org/P4310316440"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["The MIT Press","Massachusetts Institute of Technology"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Artificial Life","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://direct.mit.edu/artl/article-pdf/19/3_4/451/1663964/artl_a_00120.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002910622","display_name":"Peter R. Wills","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2670-7624","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2670-7624"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154130895","display_name":"University of Auckland","ror":"https://ror.org/03b94tp07","country_code":"NZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154130895"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8087733","display_name":"University of T\u00fcbingen","ror":"https://ror.org/03a1kwz48","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8087733"]}],"countries":["DE","NZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peter R. Wills","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Auckland","Universit\u00e4t T\u00fcbingen"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Auckland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154130895"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e4t T\u00fcbingen","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8087733"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"David L. F. Williams","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154130895","display_name":"University of Auckland","ror":"https://ror.org/03b94tp07","country_code":"NZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154130895"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David L. F. Williams","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Auckland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Auckland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154130895"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002866227","display_name":"Denys Trussell","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154130895","display_name":"University of Auckland","ror":"https://ror.org/03b94tp07","country_code":"NZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154130895"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Denys Trussell","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Auckland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Auckland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154130895"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074912297","display_name":"L. R. B. Mann","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154130895","display_name":"University of Auckland","ror":"https://ror.org/03b94tp07","country_code":"NZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154130895"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"L. R. B. Mann","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Auckland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Auckland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154130895"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4797,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.67768595,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"3_4","first_page":"451","last_page":"469"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13308","display_name":"Cybernetics and Technology in Society","score":0.23819999396800995,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13308","display_name":"Cybernetics and Technology in Society","score":0.23819999396800995,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14307","display_name":"Bioethics and Human Rights Issues","score":0.23029999434947968,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11953","display_name":"Neuroethics, Human Enhancement, Biomedical Innovations","score":0.22910000383853912,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1211","display_name":"Philosophy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/living-technology","display_name":"living technology","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/martin-heidegger","display_name":"Martin Heidegger","score":0.8759999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nature-of-life","display_name":"nature of life","score":0.5910000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ethics-of-technology","display_name":"ethics of technology","score":0.5350000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intrinsic-value-of-life","display_name":"intrinsic value of life","score":0.8799999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-challenges","display_name":"global challenges","score":0.5809999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bioethics","display_name":"bioethics","score":0.4129999876022339}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780422510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17027938","display_name":"Humanity","level":2,"score":0.829227089881897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95124753","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q875686","display_name":"Environmental ethics","level":1,"score":0.6408575773239136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.5589080452919006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55587333","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1133029","display_name":"Engineering ethics","level":1,"score":0.4933244287967682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104148171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1248453","display_name":"Physis","level":3,"score":0.48425695300102234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.47993117570877075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.4581349194049835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207665656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5403493","display_name":"Ethics of technology","level":4,"score":0.45038795471191406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776291640","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2912517","display_name":"Value (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.44863882660865784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776608160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4785462","display_name":"Natural (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.4260704219341278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130440534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14946528","display_name":"Conflation","level":2,"score":0.4241217374801636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19273510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q263847","display_name":"Artificial life","level":2,"score":0.41875749826431274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3695543706417084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.3356049060821533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.25535380840301514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.22515180706977844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.21963700652122498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.2131159007549286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93474598","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1662553","display_name":"Information ethics","level":2,"score":0.20964565873146057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.1754966676235199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1302807629108429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197549326","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56003","display_name":"Meta-ethics","level":3,"score":0.1093289852142334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.10733070969581604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36454342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245341","display_name":"Radiography","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D001675","descriptor_name":"Bioethics","qualifier_ui":"Q000639","qualifier_name":"trends","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D026688","descriptor_name":"Bioethical Issues","qualifier_ui":"Q000331","qualifier_name":"legislation & jurisprudence","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D026688","descriptor_name":"Bioethical Issues","qualifier_ui":"Q000592","qualifier_name":"standards","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D057005","descriptor_name":"Bioengineering","qualifier_ui":"Q000331","qualifier_name":"legislation & jurisprudence","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D057005","descriptor_name":"Bioengineering","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D057005","descriptor_name":"Bioengineering","qualifier_ui":"Q000458","qualifier_name":"organization & administration","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D057005","descriptor_name":"Bioengineering","qualifier_ui":"Q000592","qualifier_name":"standards","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D057005","descriptor_name":"Bioengineering","qualifier_ui":"Q000941","qualifier_name":"ethics","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1162/artl_a_00120","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1162/artl_a_00120","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1162/artl_a_00120","pdf_url":"https://direct.mit.edu/artl/article-pdf/19/3_4/451/1663964/artl_a_00120.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2181302","display_name":"Artificial Life","issn_l":"1064-5462","issn":["1064-5462","1530-9185"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","ccf-c","cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-40","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315718","host_organization_name":"The MIT Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315718","https://openalex.org/P4310316440"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["The MIT Press","Massachusetts Institute of Technology"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Artificial Life","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:23889745","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23889745","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Artificial life","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:researchspace.auckland.ac.nz:2292/21252","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2292/21252","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407055463","display_name":"ResearchSpace (University of Auckland)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I154130895","host_organization_name":"University of Auckland","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154130895"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1162/artl_a_00120","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1162/artl_a_00120","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1162/artl_a_00120","pdf_url":"https://direct.mit.edu/artl/article-pdf/19/3_4/451/1663964/artl_a_00120.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2181302","display_name":"Artificial Life","issn_l":"1064-5462","issn":["1064-5462","1530-9185"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","ccf-c","cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-40","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315718","host_organization_name":"The MIT Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315718","https://openalex.org/P4310316440"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["The MIT Press","Massachusetts Institute of Technology"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Artificial Life","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320308269","display_name":"Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung","ror":"https://ror.org/012kf4317"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2000192035.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2000192035.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":53,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W49093251","https://openalex.org/W169910887","https://openalex.org/W598160656","https://openalex.org/W1487103303","https://openalex.org/W1505417262","https://openalex.org/W1529350689","https://openalex.org/W1548285880","https://openalex.org/W1554094040","https://openalex.org/W1588361568","https://openalex.org/W1593675506","https://openalex.org/W1654521368","https://openalex.org/W1655739384","https://openalex.org/W1940342903","https://openalex.org/W1972529347","https://openalex.org/W1975216314","https://openalex.org/W1977706756","https://openalex.org/W1980702681","https://openalex.org/W1981257811","https://openalex.org/W1984248485","https://openalex.org/W2009413864","https://openalex.org/W2029805248","https://openalex.org/W2037782836","https://openalex.org/W2043151125","https://openalex.org/W2044747813","https://openalex.org/W2046539643","https://openalex.org/W2052749081","https://openalex.org/W2055714656","https://openalex.org/W2062131993","https://openalex.org/W2074397232","https://openalex.org/W2079446845","https://openalex.org/W2083808707","https://openalex.org/W2085747146","https://openalex.org/W2089441778","https://openalex.org/W2130707354","https://openalex.org/W2134619148","https://openalex.org/W2159390138","https://openalex.org/W2164672532","https://openalex.org/W2324316750","https://openalex.org/W2399318915","https://openalex.org/W2476334535","https://openalex.org/W2503961644","https://openalex.org/W2899216115","https://openalex.org/W2916882910","https://openalex.org/W2979613789","https://openalex.org/W2994888449","https://openalex.org/W3110164072","https://openalex.org/W3132470804","https://openalex.org/W3182867944","https://openalex.org/W4229652371","https://openalex.org/W4235509631","https://openalex.org/W4241890143","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4302465300"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2159390138","https://openalex.org/W2107085004","https://openalex.org/W2039004875","https://openalex.org/W764276723","https://openalex.org/W2012018166","https://openalex.org/W2375563110","https://openalex.org/W7172513773","https://openalex.org/W4411194331","https://openalex.org/W2788863173","https://openalex.org/W4312230493"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,96],"Aristotelian":[1],"ideas":[2],"of":[3,29,32,54,57,67,98,103,129,134,144],"nature":[4,56],"(physis)":[5],"and":[6,34,101,106,152,159],"technology":[7,22,77,105,146],"(techn\u00e9)":[8],"are":[9,123],"taken":[10,171],"as":[11,43,189],"a":[12,50],"starting":[13],"point":[14],"for":[15,21,183],"understanding":[16],"what":[17],"it":[18],"would":[19,78],"mean":[20],"to":[23,59,88,114,139,172],"be":[24,70,86,170],"truly":[25],"living.":[26],"Heidegger's":[27],"critique":[28],"the":[30,38,55,65,142,148,177,198],"conflation":[31],"scientific":[33],"technological":[35],"thinking":[36],"in":[37,110,118,126,156],"current":[39,93],"era":[40],"is":[41,108,165],"accepted":[42],"demonstrating":[44],"that":[45,84,122,133,137,191],"humanity":[46,141,194],"does":[47],"not":[48],"have":[49],"deep":[51],"enough":[52],"appreciation":[53,128],"life":[58,69],"harness":[60],"its":[61,157],"essence":[62],"safely.":[63],"Could":[64],"vision":[66],"harnessing":[68],"realized,":[71],"which":[72],"we":[73],"strongly":[74],"doubt,":[75],"living":[76,145,174],"give":[79,140],"selected":[80],"humans":[81],"transforming":[82],"powers":[83],"could":[85],"expected":[87],"exacerbate,":[89],"rather":[90],"than":[91],"solve,":[92],"global":[94],"problems.":[95],"source":[97],"human":[99],"purposefulness,":[100],"hence":[102],"both":[104],"ethics,":[107],"identified":[109],"nature's":[111],"emergent":[112],"capability":[113],"instantiate":[115],"informational":[116],"representations":[117],"material":[119],"forms.":[120],"Ethics":[121],"properly":[124],"grounded":[125],"an":[127],"intrinsic":[130],"value,":[131],"especially":[132],"life,":[135],"demand":[136],"proposals":[138],"capabilities":[143],"address":[147],"social,":[149],"political,":[150],"economic,":[151],"environmental":[153],"problems":[154],"inherent":[155],"development":[158,164],"potential":[160],"deployment.":[161],"Before":[162],"any":[163],"embarked":[166],"on,":[167],"steps":[168],"must":[169],"avoid":[173],"technology,":[175],"whatever":[176],"term":[178],"eventually":[179],"designates,":[180],"becoming":[181],"available":[182],"destructive":[184],"or":[185,195],"antisocial":[186],"purposes":[187],"such":[188],"those":[190],"might":[192],"devastate":[193],"irrevocably":[196],"damage":[197],"natural":[199],"world.":[200]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}