{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2000003205","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07418829100090981","title":"The effects of size and urbanism on structure among Illinois police departments","display_name":"The effects of size and urbanism on structure among Illinois police departments","publication_year":1991,"publication_date":"1991-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2000003205","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07418829100090981","mag":"2000003205"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/07418829100090981","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07418829100090981","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07418829100090981","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S149422333","display_name":"Justice Quarterly","issn_l":"0741-8825","issn":["0741-8825","1745-9109"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Justice Quarterly","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110061393","display_name":"John P. Crank","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I133999245","display_name":"University of Nevada, Las Vegas","ror":"https://ror.org/0406gha72","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133999245"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John P. Crank","raw_affiliation_strings":["a University of Nevada at Las Vegas","University of Nevada at Las Vegas"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"a University of Nevada at Las Vegas","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133999245"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Nevada at Las Vegas","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133999245"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111918138","display_name":"L. Edward Wells","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47301684","display_name":"Illinois State University","ror":"https://ror.org/050kcr883","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47301684"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"L. Edward Wells","raw_affiliation_strings":["b Illinois State University","Illinois State University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"b Illinois State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47301684"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Illinois State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47301684"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.3795,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":55,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89128689,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"2","first_page":"169","last_page":"185"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11076","display_name":"Policing Practices and Perceptions","score":0.9922000169754028,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11076","display_name":"Policing Practices and Perceptions","score":0.9922000169754028,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10213","display_name":"Public Policy and Administration Research","score":0.005799999926239252,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3321","display_name":"Public Administration"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12736","display_name":"Criminal Justice and Penology","score":0.000699999975040555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/police-organizational-structure","display_name":"police organizational structure","score":0.9629999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/organizational-size","display_name":"organizational size","score":0.8370000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urbanism","display_name":"urbanism","score":0.9010000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/police-reform","display_name":"police reform","score":0.9350000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/civilianization","display_name":"civilianization","score":0.6700000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/police-stations","display_name":"police departments","score":0.5249999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/illinois","display_name":"Illinois","score":0.5619999766349792}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182566","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759524","display_name":"Organizational structure","level":2,"score":0.7504380941390991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108170787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3951828","display_name":"Agency (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.6550028920173645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207141826","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q59950","display_name":"Urbanism","level":3,"score":0.4664553701877594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.36952704191207886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.35008955001831055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73484699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161733","display_name":"Criminology","level":1,"score":0.3371436595916748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4249254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3044431","display_name":"Demographic economics","level":1,"score":0.32929104566574097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.15448009967803955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.14910253882408142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.13456520438194275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.1253756284713745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123657996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271","display_name":"Architecture","level":2,"score":0.09455913305282593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/07418829100090981","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07418829100090981","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07418829100090981","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S149422333","display_name":"Justice Quarterly","issn_l":"0741-8825","issn":["0741-8825","1745-9109"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Justice Quarterly","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.6601999998092651}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W421814503","https://openalex.org/W1969973241","https://openalex.org/W1979876185","https://openalex.org/W1990452069","https://openalex.org/W1995159344","https://openalex.org/W2021099416","https://openalex.org/W2030866279","https://openalex.org/W2044793409","https://openalex.org/W2047147601","https://openalex.org/W2068805170","https://openalex.org/W2073500018","https://openalex.org/W2080253658","https://openalex.org/W2093960920","https://openalex.org/W2099743056","https://openalex.org/W2140256961","https://openalex.org/W2146730366","https://openalex.org/W2148055908","https://openalex.org/W2154700690","https://openalex.org/W2161936647","https://openalex.org/W2318720420","https://openalex.org/W2319880511","https://openalex.org/W2320344366","https://openalex.org/W2724242197","https://openalex.org/W2770871753","https://openalex.org/W2795844506","https://openalex.org/W2970102306","https://openalex.org/W3125349408","https://openalex.org/W4213449113","https://openalex.org/W4230604838","https://openalex.org/W4233136453","https://openalex.org/W4239279289","https://openalex.org/W4239677523","https://openalex.org/W4300192888","https://openalex.org/W4383956307","https://openalex.org/W4399220975"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1995159344","https://openalex.org/W2073500018","https://openalex.org/W4281662254","https://openalex.org/W1534170138","https://openalex.org/W2053031861","https://openalex.org/W1990982613","https://openalex.org/W2799591379","https://openalex.org/W2261128490","https://openalex.org/W2001856566","https://openalex.org/W2119377726"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,108],"present":[1],"research":[2,91],"evaluates":[3],"the":[4,20,29,48,112],"hypothesis":[5],"that":[6,90,111],"dimensions":[7,56,84,118],"of":[8,22,31,50,57,60,64,85,114,119],"police":[9,14,42,65],"organizational":[10,23,95,120],"structure":[11,59],"germane":[12],"to":[13,33,62,105,126],"reformers":[15,32],"may":[16,102],"be":[17],"affected":[18],"by":[19],"dynamics":[21],"size":[24,53],"and":[25,52,72,79],"urbanism,":[26],"thus":[27],"constraining":[28],"ability":[30],"invoke":[34],"desired":[35],"structural":[36,129],"changes.":[37],"Using":[38],"data":[39],"gathered":[40],"from":[41],"departments":[43],"in":[44,99],"Illinois,":[45],"we":[46],"examined":[47],"impact":[49],"urbanism":[51],"on":[54,82,92],"four":[55],"agency":[58],"interest":[61],"advocates":[63],"reform:":[66],"concentration,":[67],"height":[68],"or":[69],"segmentation,":[70],"civilianization,":[71],"supervisory":[73],"ratio.":[74],"Size":[75],"revealed":[76],"both":[77],"linear":[78],"nonlinear":[80],"influences":[81],"two":[83],"structure.":[86],"This":[87],"finding":[88],"suggests":[89],"factors":[93],"affecting":[94,117],"structure,":[96,121],"typically":[97],"conducted":[98],"large":[100],"departments,":[101],"not":[103],"generalize":[104],"smaller":[106],"agencies.":[107],"authors":[109],"concluded":[110],"influence":[113],"size,":[115],"though":[116],"was":[122],"generally":[123],"too":[124],"modest":[125],"substantially":[127],"constrain":[128],"variation.":[130]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}