{"id":"https://openalex.org/W199976970","doi":null,"title":"Understanding and recreating visual appearance under natural illumination","display_name":"Understanding and recreating visual appearance under natural illumination","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W199976970","mag":"199976970"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:199976970","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://apps.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a558594.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077436220","display_name":"Alexei A. Efros","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5720-8070","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5720-8070"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexei A. Efros","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carnegie Mellon University"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5720-8070","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie Mellon University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029497982","display_name":"Srinivasa G. Narasimhan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0389-1921","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0389-1921"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Srinivasa G. Narasimhan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carnegie Mellon University"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0389-1921","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie Mellon University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034761030","display_name":"Jean\u2010Fran\u00e7ois Lalonde","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6583-2364","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6583-2364"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jean\u2010Fran\u00e7ois Lalonde","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carnegie Mellon University"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6583-2364","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie Mellon University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.3291,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87878788,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10481","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Visualization Techniques","score":0.95169997215271,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1704","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10481","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Visualization Techniques","score":0.95169997215271,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1704","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11019","display_name":"Image Enhancement Techniques","score":0.02979999966919422,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10531","display_name":"Advanced Vision and Imaging","score":0.003800000064074993,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/daylighting","display_name":"daylighting","score":0.8880000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/illumination-estimation","display_name":"illumination estimation","score":0.8309999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/atmospheric-optics","display_name":"atmospheric optics","score":0.746999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sun-position","display_name":"solar position","score":0.7570000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cast-shadows","display_name":"cast shadows","score":0.7680000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shading","display_name":"shading","score":0.5709999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-collections","display_name":"image collections","score":0.6620000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photorealistic-image-generation","display_name":"realistic image synthesis","score":0.6449999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-insertion","display_name":"object insertion","score":0.8600000143051147}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.7536492347717285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7326797842979431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.701348066329956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.5516336560249329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43521106","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2165493","display_name":"Pipeline (software)","level":2,"score":0.49999523162841797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21442007","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1027879","display_name":"Graphics","level":2,"score":0.4956132173538208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77660652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q150971","display_name":"Computer graphics","level":2,"score":0.4916115403175354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.43948304653167725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89720835","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1531701","display_name":"Global illumination","level":3,"score":0.4105958640575409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205711294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176953","display_name":"Rendering (computer graphics)","level":2,"score":0.17192405462265015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:199976970","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://apps.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a558594.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":123,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1487582710","https://openalex.org/W1508960934","https://openalex.org/W1528789833","https://openalex.org/W1539134956","https://openalex.org/W1546961578","https://openalex.org/W1555845716","https://openalex.org/W1560380655","https://openalex.org/W1566291503","https://openalex.org/W1569360315","https://openalex.org/W1569938332","https://openalex.org/W1573748084","https://openalex.org/W1592011777","https://openalex.org/W1618905105","https://openalex.org/W1742181809","https://openalex.org/W1853701347","https://openalex.org/W1884470205","https://openalex.org/W1930667107","https://openalex.org/W1971866894","https://openalex.org/W1973256915","https://openalex.org/W1981315736","https://openalex.org/W1988030911","https://openalex.org/W1997057955","https://openalex.org/W1997697625","https://openalex.org/W1998270967","https://openalex.org/W1999360130","https://openalex.org/W1999908130","https://openalex.org/W2003145026","https://openalex.org/W2009806649","https://openalex.org/W2018054544","https://openalex.org/W2023614206","https://openalex.org/W2026019603","https://openalex.org/W2027850463","https://openalex.org/W2035773017","https://openalex.org/W2036267060","https://openalex.org/W2043422482","https://openalex.org/W2049414098","https://openalex.org/W2049499450","https://openalex.org/W2052003757","https://openalex.org/W2054692445","https://openalex.org/W2056879408","https://openalex.org/W2057145757","https://openalex.org/W2062926438","https://openalex.org/W2063056805","https://openalex.org/W2063690897","https://openalex.org/W2066085919","https://openalex.org/W2068575457","https://openalex.org/W2069281566","https://openalex.org/W2070309867","https://openalex.org/W2070604790","https://openalex.org/W2072387895","https://openalex.org/W2073547781","https://openalex.org/W2080942732","https://openalex.org/W2083192529","https://openalex.org/W2094628462","https://openalex.org/W2096921433","https://openalex.org/W2098677588","https://openalex.org/W2099478163","https://openalex.org/W2099628660","https://openalex.org/W2100297733","https://openalex.org/W2102625004","https://openalex.org/W2103163130","https://openalex.org/W2104745266","https://openalex.org/W2104980629","https://openalex.org/W2106569125","https://openalex.org/W2107558380","https://openalex.org/W2110764733","https://openalex.org/W2112301665","https://openalex.org/W2113137767","https://openalex.org/W2113466552","https://openalex.org/W2113757588","https://openalex.org/W2116191264","https://openalex.org/W2116627420","https://openalex.org/W2116645175","https://openalex.org/W2118209563","https://openalex.org/W2119442760","https://openalex.org/W2119823327","https://openalex.org/W2120419212","https://openalex.org/W2123456673","https://openalex.org/W2125310925","https://openalex.org/W2129112648","https://openalex.org/W2133934946","https://openalex.org/W2134921974","https://openalex.org/W2135676438","https://openalex.org/W2135902139","https://openalex.org/W2136022943","https://openalex.org/W2136731103","https://openalex.org/W2136748901","https://openalex.org/W2137977196","https://openalex.org/W2138632986","https://openalex.org/W2140800654","https://openalex.org/W2143668817","https://openalex.org/W2144143728","https://openalex.org/W2145023731","https://openalex.org/W2146352414","https://openalex.org/W2147933509","https://openalex.org/W2149169741","https://openalex.org/W2149518255","https://openalex.org/W2149550213","https://openalex.org/W2149760002","https://openalex.org/W2151103935","https://openalex.org/W2153635508","https://openalex.org/W2154923682","https://openalex.org/W2155283185","https://openalex.org/W2155871590","https://openalex.org/W2155904486","https://openalex.org/W2156116778","https://openalex.org/W2156598602","https://openalex.org/W2161808755","https://openalex.org/W2161969291","https://openalex.org/W2163405717","https://openalex.org/W2166193118","https://openalex.org/W2166502676","https://openalex.org/W2168356304","https://openalex.org/W2169283906","https://openalex.org/W2169551590","https://openalex.org/W2170658603","https://openalex.org/W2171011251","https://openalex.org/W2171692249","https://openalex.org/W2295660824","https://openalex.org/W2296168388","https://openalex.org/W2544806203","https://openalex.org/W2544819578","https://openalex.org/W2911355490"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2078065374","https://openalex.org/W2544806203","https://openalex.org/W2052683696","https://openalex.org/W7099601639","https://openalex.org/W2116434588","https://openalex.org/W6959926370","https://openalex.org/W7020933657","https://openalex.org/W2123647154","https://openalex.org/W133347368","https://openalex.org/W7096776787"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,134],"appearance":[1,77,141,215,227],"of":[2,33,52,62,125,202,213,228,278],"an":[3,60],"outdoor":[4,127],"scene":[5,169],"is":[6,59,86,97,161,197,232],"determined":[7],"to":[8,147,198,206,224],"a":[9,27,31,71,94,164,275],"great":[10],"extent":[11],"by":[12,248],"the":[13,48,75,119,159,200,217,226,229],"prevailing":[14],"illumination":[15,24,64,120,151,187,203],"conditions.":[16],"However,":[17],"most":[18],"practical":[19],"computer":[20,219],"vision":[21,110],"applications":[22,279],"treat":[23],"more":[25],"as":[26,172,183,185],"nuisance":[28],"rather":[29],"than":[30],"source":[32],"signal.":[34],"In":[35],"this":[36],"dissertation,":[37],"we":[38,41,222],"suggest":[39],"that":[40,96,231],"should":[42],"instead":[43],"embrace":[44],"illumination,":[45,83],"even":[46,263],"in":[47,69,79,100,109,136,153,163,204,234,259,264,274],"challenging,":[49],"uncontrolled":[50,126],"world":[51,230],"consumer":[53],"photographs.":[54],"\r\nOur":[55,193],"first":[56],"main":[57,195],"contribution":[58,196],"understanding":[61],"natural":[63,82],"from":[65,88,122,189],"images.":[66,133],"This":[67,255],"is,":[68],"general,":[70],"hard":[72],"problem":[73],"given":[74],"wide":[76],"variation":[78,135],"scenes.":[80],"Fortunately,":[81],"while":[84],"complex,":[85],"far":[87],"being":[89],"completely":[90,267],"arbitrary.":[91],"It":[92],"has":[93,105,272],"structure":[95],"well":[98,184],"understood":[99],"atmospheric":[101],"optics,":[102],"but":[103],"which":[104],"hardly":[106],"been":[107],"exploited":[108,146],"and":[111,131,139,150,175,180,238,262,286],"graphics.":[112],"We":[113,241],"introduce":[114],"methods":[115],"for":[116],"automatically":[117],"estimating":[118],"conditions":[121],"two":[123],"types":[124],"image":[128,191,260],"datasets:":[129],"webcams":[130],"single":[132,157,265],"sun":[137],"position":[138],"sky":[140,160],"over":[142],"time":[143],"can":[144,256],"be":[145,257],"obtain":[148],"viewing":[149],"geometry":[152],"webcam":[154,239],"sequences.":[155],"For":[156],"images,":[158,266],"combined":[162],"probabilistic":[165],"way":[166],"with":[167,186],"other":[168],"features":[170],"such":[171,270],"cast":[173],"shadows":[174],"shading":[176],"on":[177],"vertical":[178],"surfaces":[179],"convex":[181],"objects,":[182],"priors":[188],"large":[190],"collections.":[192],"second":[194],"exploit":[199],"knowledge":[201],"order":[205],"synthesize":[207],"novel,":[208],"realistic":[209,244],"visual":[210],"content.":[211],"Instead":[212],"creating":[214,249],"using":[216],"traditional":[218],"graphics":[220],"pipeline,":[221],"propose":[223],"borrow":[225],"contained":[233],"existing":[235],"photo":[236],"collections":[237],"datasets.":[240],"also":[242],"demonstrate":[243],"all":[245],"object":[246],"insertion":[247],"plausible":[250],"high-dynamic":[251],"range":[252,277],"environment":[253],"maps.":[254],"done":[258],"sequences,":[261],"automatically.":[268],"Addressing":[269],"questions":[271],"implications":[273],"broad":[276],"including":[280],"intelligent":[281],"transportation,":[282],"surveillance,":[283],"human-robot":[284],"interaction,":[285],"digital":[287],"entertainment.":[288]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-09-29T14:09:16.559479","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}