{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1999627233","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1353/cdr.0.0086","title":"\"You were an actor with your handkerchief\": Women, Windows, and Moral Agency","display_name":"\"You were an actor with your handkerchief\": Women, Windows, and Moral Agency","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1999627233","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1353/cdr.0.0086","mag":"1999627233"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1353/cdr.0.0086","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1353/cdr.0.0086","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1353/cdr.0.0086","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S163961150","display_name":"Comparative drama","issn_l":"0010-4078","issn":["0010-4078","1936-1637"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","erih-plus","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-4"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315973","host_organization_name":"Western Michigan University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315973"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Western Michigan University"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Comparative Drama","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Cynthia Lewis","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Cynthia Lewis","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.1745435,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"43","issue":"4","first_page":"473","last_page":"496"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14469","display_name":"Renaissance Literature and Culture","score":0.9848999977111816,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1205","display_name":"Classics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14469","display_name":"Renaissance Literature and Culture","score":0.9848999977111816,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1205","display_name":"Classics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13356","display_name":"Early Modern Women Writers","score":0.00430000014603138,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1212","display_name":"Religious studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10011","display_name":"Literature: history, themes, analysis","score":0.0019000000320374966,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1208","display_name":"Literature and Literary Theory"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/moral-agency","display_name":"moral agency","score":0.6600000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/early-modern-english-drama","display_name":"early modern English drama","score":0.8420000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/framing-devices","display_name":"framing devices","score":0.5799999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bartolome-esteban-murillo","display_name":"Bartolom\u00e9 Esteban Murillo","score":0.9319999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rembrandt","display_name":"Rembrandt","score":0.8059999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ethical-dilemmas","display_name":"ethical dilemmas","score":0.5899999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectatorship","display_name":"spectatorship","score":0.6140000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/women-s-agency","display_name":"women's agency","score":0.40799999237060547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/17th-century-painting","display_name":"17th-century painting","score":0.4429999887943268}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205783811","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11629","display_name":"Painting","level":2,"score":0.6449917554855347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.6120744347572327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780620123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7242","display_name":"Beauty","level":2,"score":0.5460957288742065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107038049","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35986","display_name":"Aesthetics","level":1,"score":0.5338415503501892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781422959","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170571","display_name":"Still life","level":3,"score":0.5146356821060181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778047097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3031","display_name":"Girl","level":2,"score":0.4384017288684845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108170787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3951828","display_name":"Agency (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.42323893308639526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.38793057203292847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52119013","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50637","display_name":"Art history","level":1,"score":0.36487966775894165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.3044252395629883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.2464938461780548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1353/cdr.0.0086","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1353/cdr.0.0086","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1353/cdr.0.0086","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S163961150","display_name":"Comparative drama","issn_l":"0010-4078","issn":["0010-4078","1936-1637"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","erih-plus","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-4"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315973","host_organization_name":"Western Michigan University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315973"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Western Michigan University"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Comparative Drama","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:muse.jhu.edu:/article/368884","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://muse.jhu.edu/article/368884","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196299","display_name":"Project Muse (Johns Hopkins University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","host_organization_name":"Johns Hopkins University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":8,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W156874504","https://openalex.org/W2055714268","https://openalex.org/W2062019658","https://openalex.org/W2317524601","https://openalex.org/W2323331749","https://openalex.org/W2328699514","https://openalex.org/W2800289486","https://openalex.org/W2978120734"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2913360173","https://openalex.org/W7165293219","https://openalex.org/W3003033946","https://openalex.org/W1557051599","https://openalex.org/W6884917447","https://openalex.org/W3147938534","https://openalex.org/W2797181857","https://openalex.org/W2109770654","https://openalex.org/W1038071019","https://openalex.org/W2512027319"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"\"You":[0],"were":[1],"an":[2,624],"actor":[3],"with":[4,553],"your":[5],"handkerchief\":Women,":[6],"Windows,":[7],"and":[8,52,64,151,212,215,331,402,417,420,450,472,474,489,493,500,528,608,621,635],"Moral":[9],"Agency":[10],"Cynthia":[11],"Lewis":[12],"(bio)":[13],"I.":[14],"In":[15,183],"Room":[16],"34,":[17],"at":[18,36,86,91,175,296,376,397,593,616,647,658],"the":[19,41,49,57,71,76,83,87,142,148,152,161,164,226,264,272,276,303,313,321,325,365,369,380,412,448,451,476,479,485,491,495,509,539,545,554,573,577,585,631,638,648,655],"far":[20],"reaches":[21],"of":[22,27,59,173,239,263,275,302,306,362,371,466,478,524,541,627],"Washington,":[23,308],"DC's":[24],"National":[25,304],"Gallery":[26,305,408],"Art,":[28,307],"hangs":[29],"Bartolom\u00e9":[30,291],"Esteban":[31,292],"Murillo's":[32,203,357],"painting":[33,55,358,546],"Two":[34,294],"Women":[35,295],"a":[37,66,99,237,242,297,377,392,398,428,526,530,561,617,659],"Window,":[38,298,399,660],"dating":[39],"from":[40,437],"mid-seventeenth":[42],"century":[43],"(fig.":[44,650],"1).":[45],"As":[46,538],"spectators":[47],"in":[48,75,124,178,193,364,383,405,411,427,550,560,605,654],"room":[50],"come":[51,330],"go,":[53],"this":[54,207],"attracts":[56],"notice":[58],"observers":[60],"more":[61],"frequently,":[62],"sooner,":[63],"for":[65,246,283,347],"longer":[67],"time":[68],"than":[69,483,645],"do":[70,338,354,612],"other":[72,273,591,602],"eight":[73],"paintings":[74],"small":[77],"space.":[78],"The":[79,96,117,139,260,441,453,464,567,596],"reason":[80],"is":[81,122,221,359,549,558,641],"clear:":[82],"two":[84,140,374],"women":[85,174,186,204,322,375,592],"window":[88,265],"look":[89],"directly":[90,646],"viewers,":[92],"engaging":[93],"their":[94,191,342,348],"eyes.":[95,138],"younger":[97],"woman,":[98,119],"beauty,":[100],"rests":[101],"her":[102,105,107,125,133,137,156,235,247,425,534,564,570,581],"cheek":[103],"on":[104,271,346,368,391,544],"hand,":[106],"off-shoulder":[108],"gown":[109],"revealing":[110],"soft,":[111],"milky":[112],"flesh.":[113],"She":[114],"appears":[115,468],"welcoming.":[116],"older":[118,227],"by":[120,188,583,623],"contrast,":[121],"swathed":[123],"generous":[126],"mantilla,":[127],"which":[128,278],"she":[129,548,557],"holds":[130],"up":[131],"over":[132],"face,":[134],"just":[135],"below":[136],"figures,":[141],"one":[143,361,372],"leaning":[144],"forward":[145],"virtually":[146],"into":[147,163],"spectator's":[149],"space":[150,414],"other,":[153],"standing":[154],"behind":[155],"so":[157],"as":[158,317,521,653],"to":[159,329,469,512,580,611],"draw":[160],"spectator":[162,636],"painting's":[165],"space,":[166],"illustrate":[167],"much":[168,352],"about":[169],"how":[170,337],"parallel":[171,496],"instances":[172],"windows":[176,189],"work":[177],"early":[179],"modern":[180],"English":[181],"drama.":[182],"both":[184,604],"cases,":[185],"framed":[187],"involve":[190],"audience":[192,426,649],"moral":[194,196,199],"dilemmas,":[195],"questions,":[197],"or":[198,219,231,241,327,373],"concerns.":[200],"Just":[201],"who":[202,556,563],"are":[205,335,459],"underscores":[206],"point.":[208],"Are":[209,320],"they":[210,334,339,355],"chaperone":[211],"charge,":[213],"procuress":[214],"prostitute?":[216],"How":[217,351],"innocent":[218,506],"enticing":[220],"that":[222,430,458],"girl's":[223],"smile?":[224,248],"Does":[225],"woman's":[228],"pose":[229],"arouse":[230],"discourage":[232],"interest?":[233],"Is":[234,341],"shawl":[236],"means":[238],"flirtation":[240],"socially":[243],"polite":[244],"cover":[245],"All":[249],"such":[250],"interpretations":[251],"have":[252],"been":[253,257,518],"advanced;":[254],"none":[255],"has":[256,517],"thoroughly":[258],"substantiated.1":[259],"framing":[261],"device":[262],"raises":[266],"additional":[267],"questions.":[268],"What":[269],"occurs":[270],"side":[274],"window,":[277,618],"[End":[279,310],"Page":[280,311],"473]":[281],"Click":[282],"larger":[284],"view":[285],"View":[286],"full":[287],"resolution":[288],"Fig.":[289],"1.":[290],"Murillo,":[293],"c.":[299],"1655/60,":[300],"courtesy":[301],"DC.":[309],"474]":[312],"viewer":[314],"sees":[315],"only":[316],"black":[318],"background?":[319],"confined":[323],"within":[324],"building":[326],"free":[328],"go?":[332],"If":[333],"confined,":[336],"feel?":[340],"apparent":[343],"contentment":[344],"put":[345],"audience's":[349],"benefit?":[350],"choice":[353],"enjoy?":[356],"but":[360],"many":[363,601],"period":[366],"centered":[367],"image":[370,480],"window.":[378],"Surely":[379],"most":[381],"influential":[382],"its":[384],"day":[385],"was":[386],"Rembrandt's":[387,422],"Young":[388],"Girl":[389,396,657],"Leaning":[390],"Window-Sill":[393],"or,":[394],"alternatively,":[395],"dated":[400,619],"1645":[401],"housed":[403],"now":[404],"London's":[406],"Dulwich":[407],"(fig.2).":[409],"Poised":[410],"liminal":[413],"between":[415,487,498,633],"indoors":[416],"outdoors,":[418],"private":[419],"public,":[421],"girl":[423,615],"captivates":[424],"manner":[429],"art":[431,513],"historian":[432,514],"G\u00f6rel":[433],"Cavalli-Bj\u00f6rkman":[434],"says":[435],"derives":[436],"earlier":[438,656],"Renaissance":[439],"portraiture:":[440],"face-to-face":[442],"exchange":[443],"makes":[444],"each":[445],"participant":[446],"simultaneously":[447],"beholder":[449,565],"beheld.":[452],"sitters":[454],"adopt":[455],"self-conscious":[456],"poses":[457],"oriented":[460],"toward":[461],"being":[462],"seen.":[463],"experience":[465],"viewing":[467],"be":[470],"mutual":[471],"shared,":[473],"consequently":[475],"surface":[477],"confuses,":[481],"rather":[482,644],"upholds,":[484],"division":[486],"inside":[488],"outside":[490],"frame,":[492],"complicates":[494],"distinction":[497],"I":[499],"thou.":[501],"(emphasis":[502],"mine)2":[503],"Neither":[504],"decidedly":[505],"nor":[507],"sexual,":[508],"girl,":[510],"according":[511],"Ann":[515],"Sumner,":[516],"identified":[519],"variously":[520],"\"a":[522],"relative":[523],"Rembrandt,":[525,628],"servant":[527],"even":[529],"prostitute.\"3":[531],"However":[532],"obscure":[533],"identity,":[535],"it":[536],"matters.":[537],"title":[540],"Cavalli-Bj\u00f6rkman's":[542],"article":[543],"indicates,":[547],"\"A":[551],"Dialogue":[552],"Beholder\":":[555],"determines,":[559],"sense,":[562],"is.":[566],"less":[568,574],"certain":[569,575],"character":[571],"seems,":[572],"becomes":[576],"viewer's":[578,586],"relationship":[579],"and,":[582],"extension,":[584],"own":[587],"character.":[588],"Rembrandt":[589],"painted":[590],"windows\u2014for":[594],"example,":[595],"Kitchen":[597],"Maid":[598],"(1651)\u2014and":[599],"inspired":[600],"artists,":[603],"his":[606],"lifetime":[607],"long":[609],"after,":[610],"so.4":[613],"Another":[614],"1654":[620],"rendered":[622],"unidentified":[625],"follower":[626],"changes":[629],"slightly":[630],"dynamic":[632],"subject":[634],"because":[637],"young":[639],"woman":[640],"looking":[642],"askance,":[643],"3).5":[651],"Still,":[652],"questions":[661],"abound":[662],"here...":[663]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-09-29T14:09:16.559479","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
