{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1999436602","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0275074013504128","title":"Why Reforms So Often Disappoint","display_name":"Why Reforms So Often Disappoint","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-10-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1999436602","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0275074013504128","mag":"1999436602"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/0275074013504128","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0275074013504128","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0275074013504128","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106702950","display_name":"The American Review of Public Administration","issn_l":"0275-0740","issn":["0275-0740","1552-3357"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","fnege-3","jufo-2","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The American Review of Public Administration","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034992589","display_name":"Joel D. Aberbach","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161318765","display_name":"University of California, Los Angeles","ror":"https://ror.org/046rm7j60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joel D. Aberbach","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California, Los Angeles, USA","#N#1University of California, Los Angeles, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, Los Angeles, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"#N#1University of California, Los Angeles, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091718489","display_name":"Tom Christensen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1441-9243","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1441-9243"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184942183","display_name":"University of Oslo","ror":"https://ror.org/01xtthb56","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184942183"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tom Christensen","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Oslo, Norway","#N# 2University of Oslo, Norway"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Oslo, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184942183"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"#N# 2University of Oslo, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184942183"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3900,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3900},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":11.5284,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":62,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97869902,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"44","issue":"1","first_page":"3","last_page":"16"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10213","display_name":"Public Policy and Administration Research","score":0.9901999831199646,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3321","display_name":"Public Administration"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10213","display_name":"Public Policy and Administration Research","score":0.9901999831199646,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3321","display_name":"Public Administration"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13459","display_name":"Public Administration and Political Analysis","score":0.0020000000949949026,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12210","display_name":"Policy Transfer and Learning","score":0.0019000000320374966,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reform-failure","display_name":"reform failure","score":0.6259999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/garbage-can-model","display_name":"garbage can model","score":0.9350000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/john-kingdon","display_name":"John Kingdon","score":0.8579999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reform-implementation","display_name":"reform implementation","score":0.8130000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/policy-decision-making","display_name":"policy decision-making","score":0.6650000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-administration-reform","display_name":"public administration reform","score":0.5809999704360962}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781374135","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422898","display_name":"Explication","level":2,"score":0.9021459817886353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5821477174758911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75403996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5521979","display_name":"Garbage","level":2,"score":0.4576075077056885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539667460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2414942","display_name":"Management science","level":1,"score":0.41411909461021423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.3891823887825012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118084267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26110","display_name":"Positive economics","level":1,"score":0.36911651492118835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.3560484051704407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190253527","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q295354","display_name":"Law and economics","level":1,"score":0.33582693338394165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2982945144176483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.26861828565597534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.21074220538139343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.07816112041473389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/0275074013504128","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0275074013504128","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0275074013504128","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106702950","display_name":"The American Review of Public Administration","issn_l":"0275-0740","issn":["0275-0740","1552-3357"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","fnege-3","jufo-2","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The American Review of Public Administration","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.550000011920929,"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":48,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W3969854","https://openalex.org/W126905951","https://openalex.org/W201578715","https://openalex.org/W385445190","https://openalex.org/W595183576","https://openalex.org/W620357345","https://openalex.org/W647741695","https://openalex.org/W1489050984","https://openalex.org/W1489752330","https://openalex.org/W1509292812","https://openalex.org/W1529223067","https://openalex.org/W1550684686","https://openalex.org/W1595880849","https://openalex.org/W1964170444","https://openalex.org/W1975219832","https://openalex.org/W1978391520","https://openalex.org/W1980956348","https://openalex.org/W1983830900","https://openalex.org/W1985704421","https://openalex.org/W2003934805","https://openalex.org/W2009304327","https://openalex.org/W2025500675","https://openalex.org/W2028436159","https://openalex.org/W2032784526","https://openalex.org/W2037927976","https://openalex.org/W2053055177","https://openalex.org/W2062962096","https://openalex.org/W2070028837","https://openalex.org/W2087899043","https://openalex.org/W2092966972","https://openalex.org/W2109439782","https://openalex.org/W2138229277","https://openalex.org/W2312819223","https://openalex.org/W2495903559","https://openalex.org/W2513443561","https://openalex.org/W2580888802","https://openalex.org/W2642534790","https://openalex.org/W2768986419","https://openalex.org/W2889093492","https://openalex.org/W2997246111","https://openalex.org/W3036674917","https://openalex.org/W3122957932","https://openalex.org/W4230325888","https://openalex.org/W4231325013","https://openalex.org/W4234482624","https://openalex.org/W4298311595","https://openalex.org/W4301360238","https://openalex.org/W4396716933"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1022453412","https://openalex.org/W96322303","https://openalex.org/W996537450","https://openalex.org/W7098958264","https://openalex.org/W1905501994","https://openalex.org/W7120769677","https://openalex.org/W4366597382","https://openalex.org/W7061745294","https://openalex.org/W7096948230","https://openalex.org/W3121574022"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"article":[1],"examines":[2],"why":[3,20],"major":[4],"reforms":[5,21,81,92,135],"so":[6],"often":[7,22,146],"disappoint.":[8],"It":[9],"starts":[10],"with":[11,54],"an":[12],"explication":[13],"and":[14,32,43,68,93,132],"analysis":[15],"of":[16,48,57,76,80,106,115],"perspectives":[17,63],"for":[18,149],"understanding":[19],"do":[23],"not":[24,138,145],"work":[25,56],"out":[26,110],"as":[27],"hoped\u2014rational":[28],"comprehensive":[29],"decision":[30,35],"making":[31],"garbage":[33,50],"can":[34,51,73],"making,":[36],"the":[37,49,55,107,112,116],"latter":[38],"in":[39,44,64,111],"a":[40,45,65],"\u201cpure\u201d":[41],"version":[42,47],"modified":[46],"widely":[52],"identified":[53],"John":[58],"Kingdon.":[59],"We":[60,118],"present":[61],"these":[62,84],"general":[66],"way":[67],"then":[69],"discuss":[70],"how":[71],"we":[72],"understand":[74],"features":[75],"two":[77],"central":[78],"aspects":[79],"based":[82],"on":[83,91],"perspectives\u2014the":[85],"processes":[86],"leading":[87],"up":[88],"to":[89,103,130,141],"decisions":[90],"reform":[94,122],"implementation":[95,131],"processes.":[96],"Some":[97],"brief":[98],"case":[99],"studies":[100],"are":[101,136,144],"presented":[102],"illustrate":[104],"some":[105],"problems":[108],"laid":[109],"theoretical":[113],"part":[114],"article.":[117],"conclude":[119],"that":[120,133],"nonincremental":[121],"is":[123],"vulnerable":[124],"at":[125],"every":[126],"stage":[127],"from":[128],"conception":[129],"although":[134],"certainly":[137],"always":[139],"doomed":[140],"failure,":[142],"they":[143],"great":[147],"candidates":[148],"success":[150],"either.":[151]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-08T09:06:37.294493","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}