{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1999428997","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/clinids/13.1.85","title":"Patterns of Morbidity and Mortality in Typhoid Fever Dependent on Age and Gender: Review of 552 Hopitalized Patients with Diarrhea","display_name":"Patterns of Morbidity and Mortality in Typhoid Fever Dependent on Age and Gender: Review of 552 Hopitalized Patients with Diarrhea","publication_year":1990,"publication_date":"1990-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1999428997","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/clinids/13.1.85","mag":"1999428997","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2017639"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/clinids/13.1.85","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/clinids/13.1.85","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/clinids/13.1.85","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S72350973","display_name":"Clinical Infectious Diseases","issn_l":"1058-4838","issn":["1058-4838","1537-6591"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Clinical Infectious Diseases","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076874522","display_name":"Thomas Butler","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2863-0808","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2863-0808"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I926076166","display_name":"Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center","ror":"https://ror.org/033ztpr93","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I926076166"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Thomas Butler","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock 79430"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock 79430","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I926076166"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040901329","display_name":"Asma Islam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0233-0444","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0233-0444"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I58956616","display_name":"Case Western Reserve University","ror":"https://ror.org/051fd9666","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I58956616"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Asma Islam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Case Western Reserve University ,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Case Western Reserve University ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I58956616"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108501279","display_name":"Iqbal Kabir","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I58956616","display_name":"Case Western Reserve University","ror":"https://ror.org/051fd9666","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I58956616"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Iqbal Kabir","raw_affiliation_strings":["Case Western Reserve University ,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Case Western Reserve University ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I58956616"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050757017","display_name":"Paul K. Jones","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5260-8550","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5260-8550"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paul K. Jones","raw_affiliation_strings":["Epidemiology & Biostatistics"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Epidemiology & Biostatistics","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5076874522"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I926076166"],"apc_list":{"value":4763,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4763},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.3297,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":128,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9050676,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"1","first_page":"85","last_page":"90"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10486","display_name":"Salmonella and Campylobacter epidemiology","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1106","display_name":"Food Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10486","display_name":"Salmonella and Campylobacter epidemiology","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1106","display_name":"Food Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10873","display_name":"Bacterial Infections and Vaccines","score":0.0019000000320374966,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2404","display_name":"Microbiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10654","display_name":"Pneumonia and Respiratory Infections","score":0.0012000000569969416,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/typhoid-fever","display_name":"typhoid fever","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/age-related-morbidity","display_name":"age-related morbidity","score":0.5929999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gender-differences","display_name":"gender differences","score":0.7400000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/case-fatality-rate","display_name":"case fatality rate","score":0.7599999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/seizures","display_name":"seizures","score":0.4970000088214874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intestinal-perforation","display_name":"intestinal perforation","score":0.8799999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pneumonia","display_name":"pneumonia","score":0.9919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anemia","display_name":"anemia","score":0.9559999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hospitalized-patients","display_name":"hospitalized patients","score":0.6759999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diarrhea","display_name":"diarrhea","score":0.47999998927116394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/children","display_name":"children","score":0.3479999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adults","display_name":"adults","score":0.3449999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-factors-for-mortality","display_name":"mortality risk factors","score":0.656000018119812}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520601542","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83319","display_name":"Typhoid fever","level":2,"score":0.9590755701065063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.9576302170753479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779802037","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40878","display_name":"Diarrhea","level":2,"score":0.8420970439910889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020771617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83319","display_name":"Enteric fever","level":3,"score":0.48337167501449585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554978557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2970970","display_name":"Intestinal infectious diseases","level":3,"score":0.47206881642341614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177713679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q679690","display_name":"Intensive care medicine","level":1,"score":0.4251711964607239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187212893","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q123028","display_name":"Pediatrics","level":1,"score":0.4203895330429077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.286991685628891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159047783","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7215","display_name":"Virology","level":1,"score":0.17737016081809998}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000367","descriptor_name":"Age Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000740","descriptor_name":"Anemia","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001459","descriptor_name":"Bangladesh","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002648","descriptor_name":"Child","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002675","descriptor_name":"Child, Preschool","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003128","descriptor_name":"Coma","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003693","descriptor_name":"Delirium","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003967","descriptor_name":"Diarrhea","qualifier_ui":"Q000150","qualifier_name":"complications","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003967","descriptor_name":"Diarrhea","qualifier_ui":"Q000401","qualifier_name":"mortality","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003967","descriptor_name":"Diarrhea","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006400","descriptor_name":"Hematocrit","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007223","descriptor_name":"Infant","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007416","descriptor_name":"Intestinal Perforation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007958","descriptor_name":"Leukocyte Count","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009017","descriptor_name":"Morbidity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011014","descriptor_name":"Pneumonia","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012189","descriptor_name":"Retrospective Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012640","descriptor_name":"Seizures","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012737","descriptor_name":"Sex Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014435","descriptor_name":"Typhoid Fever","qualifier_ui":"Q000150","qualifier_name":"complications","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014435","descriptor_name":"Typhoid Fever","qualifier_ui":"Q000401","qualifier_name":"mortality","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014435","descriptor_name":"Typhoid Fever","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/clinids/13.1.85","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/clinids/13.1.85","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/clinids/13.1.85","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S72350973","display_name":"Clinical Infectious Diseases","issn_l":"1058-4838","issn":["1058-4838","1537-6591"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Clinical Infectious Diseases","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:2017639","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2017639","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Reviews of infectious diseases","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W7887161","https://openalex.org/W62551670","https://openalex.org/W204792365","https://openalex.org/W1530773399","https://openalex.org/W1742890892","https://openalex.org/W1967273818","https://openalex.org/W1977252855","https://openalex.org/W1978062025","https://openalex.org/W1981130762","https://openalex.org/W1982870389","https://openalex.org/W2000056551","https://openalex.org/W2016217227","https://openalex.org/W2035339884","https://openalex.org/W2053964052","https://openalex.org/W2087021698","https://openalex.org/W2088511930","https://openalex.org/W2094562745","https://openalex.org/W2095674448","https://openalex.org/W2114547738","https://openalex.org/W2118883546","https://openalex.org/W2122534435","https://openalex.org/W2148976417","https://openalex.org/W2215151643","https://openalex.org/W2287623303","https://openalex.org/W2313715974","https://openalex.org/W2321533101","https://openalex.org/W2325950512","https://openalex.org/W2339962763","https://openalex.org/W2345813783","https://openalex.org/W2412081959","https://openalex.org/W2413265450"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2987033149","https://openalex.org/W2074077851","https://openalex.org/W2079856655","https://openalex.org/W2004572618","https://openalex.org/W2072051372","https://openalex.org/W2095104846","https://openalex.org/W3207816594","https://openalex.org/W2751846538","https://openalex.org/W2025006787","https://openalex.org/W2085291117"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Features":[0],"of":[1,13,16,36,50,77,100,111,128,173,185,237,248,259],"typhoid":[2,230],"fever":[3,231],"were":[4,102,145,233,241],"correlated":[5],"with":[6,21,90,162,214,229],"age":[7,37,51,56,78,83,92,101,112,129,174,186,249],"and":[8,39,121,176,219,239,250],"gender":[9],"through":[10,33,47,97,108,125,170,245],"a":[11,114,131,191],"review":[12],"the":[14,163,201,227],"charts":[15],"552":[17],"hospitalized":[18],"culture-positive":[19],"patients":[20,69,144,151,189,198,228],"diarrhea":[22],"in":[23,29,43,54,68,81],"Bangladesh.":[24],"Seizures":[25],"occurred":[26,65],"more":[27,41,66,103,146],"frequently":[28,42,67],"children":[30,44,94,167,242],"from":[31,45,95,106,123,168,243],"birth":[32,46,96,107,124,169,244],"10":[34,98],"years":[35,49,76,99,110,184,258],"(5%-11%)":[38],"pneumonia":[40],"5":[48,109],"(8%-15%)":[52],"than":[53,60,71,80,87,141,149,154,179,196,208,253],"older":[55,91],"groups":[57,84],"(P":[58,85,152,206],"less":[59,86,140,153],".05),":[61],"whereas":[62],"intestinal":[63,216],"perforation":[64],"greater":[70,178,207,252],"or":[72,180,221,254],"equal":[73,181,255],"to":[74,182,256],"11":[75],"(5%-25%)":[79],"younger":[82],".005).":[88],"Compared":[89],"groups,":[93],"anemic,":[104],"those":[105,122],"had":[113,130,190],"higher":[115,192],"mean":[116,133],"white":[117],"blood":[118,134],"cell":[119],"count,":[120],"1":[126,171,246],"year":[127,172,247],"lower":[132],"carbon":[135],"dioxide":[136],"content":[137],"(all":[138],"P":[139],".05).":[142,155,209],"Female":[143,188],"severely":[147],"anemic":[148],"male":[150,197],"The":[156],"case-fatality":[157,193],"rate":[158,194],"was":[159,203,211],"4.3%":[160],"overall,":[161],"highest":[164,235],"rates":[165],"for":[166],"(11%)":[175],"adults":[177,251],"31":[183,257],"(10%).":[187],"(6%)":[195],"(3%),":[199],"although":[200],"difference":[202],"not":[204],"significant":[205],"Death":[210],"independently":[212],"associated":[213],"seizures,":[215],"perforation,":[217],"pneumonia,":[218],"delirium":[220],"coma.":[222],"These":[223],"results":[224],"indicated":[225],"that":[226],"who":[232],"at":[234],"risk":[236],"complications":[238],"death":[240],"age.":[260]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}