{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1999035243","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1259/0007-1285-65-773-361","title":"High-intensity zone: a diagnostic sign of painful lumbar disc on magnetic resonance imaging","display_name":"High-intensity zone: a diagnostic sign of painful lumbar disc on magnetic resonance imaging","publication_year":1992,"publication_date":"1992-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1999035243","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1259/0007-1285-65-773-361","mag":"1999035243","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1535257"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1259/0007-1285-65-773-361","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1259/0007-1285-65-773-361","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1259/0007-1285-65-773-361","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S142542876","display_name":"British Journal of Radiology","issn_l":"0007-1285","issn":["0007-1285","1748-880X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The British Journal of Radiology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036300025","display_name":"Charles N. Aprill","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C. Aprill","raw_affiliation_strings":["Diagnostic Conservative Management , 3715 Prytania Street, New Orleans, Newcastle 2308, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Diagnostic Conservative Management , 3715 Prytania Street, New Orleans, Newcastle 2308, Australia","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073785098","display_name":"Nikolai Bogduk","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9051-0332","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9051-0332"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78757542","display_name":"University of Newcastle Australia","ror":"https://ror.org/00eae9z71","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78757542"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"N. Bogduk","raw_affiliation_strings":["Diagnostic Conservative Management , 3715 Prytania Street, New Orleans, Newcastle 2308, Australia","Faculty of Medicine, University of Newcastle , Newcastle 2308, Australia","Faculty of Medicine, University of Newcastle, Newcastle 2308, AustraliaDiagnostic Conservative Management, 3715 Prytania Street, New Orleans, Newcastle 2308, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Diagnostic Conservative Management , 3715 Prytania Street, New Orleans, Newcastle 2308, Australia","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Newcastle , Newcastle 2308, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78757542"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Newcastle, Newcastle 2308, AustraliaDiagnostic Conservative Management, 3715 Prytania Street, New Orleans, Newcastle 2308, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78757542"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2279,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":3005},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.0784,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":653,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93510939,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"65","issue":"773","first_page":"361","last_page":"369"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10238","display_name":"Spine and Intervertebral Disc Pathology","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2732","display_name":"Orthopedics and Sports Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10238","display_name":"Spine and Intervertebral Disc Pathology","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2732","display_name":"Orthopedics and Sports Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10084","display_name":"Musculoskeletal pain and rehabilitation","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3612","display_name":"Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11518","display_name":"Cervical and Thoracic Myelopathy","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/high-intensity-zone","display_name":"high-intensity zone","score":0.9589999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lumbar-disc-herniation","display_name":"lumbar disc herniation","score":0.8560000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/t2-weighted-mri","display_name":"T2-weighted MRI","score":0.7609999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diagnostic-signs","display_name":"diagnostic signs","score":0.718999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diagnostic-accuracy","display_name":"diagnostic accuracy","score":0.4659999907016754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internal-disc-disruption","display_name":"internal disc disruption","score":0.6010000109672546}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143409427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161238","display_name":"Magnetic resonance imaging","level":2,"score":0.8908488154411316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.7048044204711914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.5596186518669128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44575665","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1293405","display_name":"Lumbar","level":2,"score":0.5496193766593933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93038891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1061524","display_name":"Intensity (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5441994071006775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780907711","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q852163","display_name":"Low back pain","level":3,"score":0.5412797927856445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139676723","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1193832","display_name":"Sign (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5105201005935669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2989005","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214963","display_name":"Nuclear medicine","level":1,"score":0.4643251299858093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.15623077750205994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.07517597079277039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D001416","descriptor_name":"Back Pain","qualifier_ui":"Q000209","qualifier_name":"etiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007405","descriptor_name":"Intervertebral Disc Displacement","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007405","descriptor_name":"Intervertebral Disc Displacement","qualifier_ui":"Q000150","qualifier_name":"complications","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007405","descriptor_name":"Intervertebral Disc Displacement","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008159","descriptor_name":"Lumbar Vertebrae","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008279","descriptor_name":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014057","descriptor_name":"Tomography, X-Ray Computed","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015588","descriptor_name":"Observer Variation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1259/0007-1285-65-773-361","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1259/0007-1285-65-773-361","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1259/0007-1285-65-773-361","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S142542876","display_name":"British Journal of Radiology","issn_l":"0007-1285","issn":["0007-1285","1748-880X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The British Journal of Radiology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:1535257","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1535257","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The British journal of radiology","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9537000060081482}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":54,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W10634475","https://openalex.org/W131514067","https://openalex.org/W211466724","https://openalex.org/W1753317916","https://openalex.org/W1919812152","https://openalex.org/W1933610606","https://openalex.org/W1951747618","https://openalex.org/W1967493232","https://openalex.org/W1969904457","https://openalex.org/W1970638743","https://openalex.org/W1971261976","https://openalex.org/W1982392287","https://openalex.org/W1991020061","https://openalex.org/W1999619468","https://openalex.org/W2007195252","https://openalex.org/W2012054272","https://openalex.org/W2025838550","https://openalex.org/W2027041224","https://openalex.org/W2032961587","https://openalex.org/W2034158493","https://openalex.org/W2035644328","https://openalex.org/W2040320696","https://openalex.org/W2043269465","https://openalex.org/W2044951336","https://openalex.org/W2047346027","https://openalex.org/W2051525079","https://openalex.org/W2064562587","https://openalex.org/W2069165044","https://openalex.org/W2077680252","https://openalex.org/W2084007965","https://openalex.org/W2084538538","https://openalex.org/W2094287665","https://openalex.org/W2099675955","https://openalex.org/W2132662962","https://openalex.org/W2134180285","https://openalex.org/W2149836099","https://openalex.org/W2172456887","https://openalex.org/W2182340550","https://openalex.org/W2184680414","https://openalex.org/W2277256954","https://openalex.org/W2311797360","https://openalex.org/W2400846722","https://openalex.org/W2406151060","https://openalex.org/W2406886109","https://openalex.org/W2407770453","https://openalex.org/W2429012682","https://openalex.org/W2439332655","https://openalex.org/W2462842662","https://openalex.org/W2992306772","https://openalex.org/W4231112133","https://openalex.org/W4244694766","https://openalex.org/W4293244713","https://openalex.org/W4293245000","https://openalex.org/W4293775530"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2061978824","https://openalex.org/W2018731424","https://openalex.org/W2353318757","https://openalex.org/W2405658458","https://openalex.org/W1978083174","https://openalex.org/W2080370739","https://openalex.org/W2739374298","https://openalex.org/W4287004623","https://openalex.org/W1997371839","https://openalex.org/W2385148314"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,49],"prevalence,":[1],"validity":[2],"and":[3,65,90],"reliability":[4],"of":[5,18,39,51,60,68,77,107],"high-intensity":[6,53],"zones":[7],"in":[8,37],"the":[9,58,69],"annulus":[10],"fibrosus":[11],"seen":[12],"on":[13],"T2-weighted":[14],"magnetic":[15,43],"resonance":[16,44],"images":[17],"patients":[19,41],"with":[20,57,66],"intractable":[21],"low-back":[22],"pain":[23,82],"were":[24],"determined.":[25],"This":[26,103],"sign":[27,76,104],"was":[28,83,88,101],"readily":[29],"recognized":[30],"by":[31],"two":[32],"independent":[33],"observers.":[34],"It":[35],"occurred":[36],"28%":[38],"500":[40],"undergoing":[42],"imaging":[45],"for":[46,95],"back":[47],"pain.":[48,71],"presence":[50,59],"a":[52,75,96],"zone":[54],"correlated":[55],"significantly":[56],"Grade":[61],"4":[62],"annular":[63,79],"disruption":[64,80],"reproduction":[67],"patient's":[70],"Its":[72],"sensitivity":[73],"as":[74],"either":[78],"or":[81],"modest":[84],"but":[85],"its":[86,91],"specificity":[87],"high,":[89],"positive":[92],"predictive":[93],"value":[94],"severely":[97],"disrupted,":[98],"symptomatic":[99],"disc":[100,110],"86%.":[102],"is":[105],"diagnostic":[106],"painful":[108],"internal":[109],"disruption.":[111]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":28},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":36}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}