{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1999028586","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1118/1.598580","title":"Performance and beam characteristics of the Siemens Primus linear accelerator","display_name":"Performance and beam characteristics of the Siemens Primus linear accelerator","publication_year":1999,"publication_date":"1999-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1999028586","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1118/1.598580","mag":"1999028586","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10360534"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1118/1.598580","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1118/1.598580","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1118/1.598580","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S95522064","display_name":"Medical Physics","issn_l":"0094-2405","issn":["0094-2405","1522-8541","2473-4209"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Medical Physics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110070191","display_name":"Marc R. Sontag","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1313298211","display_name":"St. Jude Children's Research Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/02r3e0967","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1313298211","https://openalex.org/I2802152183"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marc R. Sontag","raw_affiliation_strings":["St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105-2794, USA. marc.sontag@stjude.org","St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 332 North Lauderdale Street, Memphis, Tennessee 38105-2794"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105-2794, USA. marc.sontag@stjude.org","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1313298211"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 332 North Lauderdale Street, Memphis, Tennessee 38105-2794","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1313298211"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034275102","display_name":"Todd H. Steinberg","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Todd H. Steinberg","raw_affiliation_strings":["Siemens Medical Systems, Inc., Oncology Care Systems Group, 4040 Nelson Avenue, Concord, California"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Siemens Medical Systems, Inc., Oncology Care Systems Group, 4040 Nelson Avenue, Concord, California","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3360,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3360},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7992,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.673864,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"26","issue":"5","first_page":"734","last_page":"736"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10358","display_name":"Advanced Radiotherapy Techniques","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3108","display_name":"Radiation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10358","display_name":"Advanced Radiotherapy Techniques","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3108","display_name":"Radiation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11176","display_name":"Radiation Therapy and Dosimetry","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3108","display_name":"Radiation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13690","display_name":"Quality and Safety in Healthcare","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3607","display_name":"Medical Laboratory Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-linear-accelerator","display_name":"medical linear accelerator","score":0.843999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/solid-state-modulator","display_name":"solid-state modulator","score":0.859000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multileaf-collimator","display_name":"multileaf collimator","score":0.9380000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/depth-dose","display_name":"depth dose","score":0.7519999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beam-flatness","display_name":"beam flatness","score":0.9919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beam-symmetry","display_name":"beam symmetry","score":0.9779999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/penumbra","display_name":"penumbra","score":0.9459999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electron-beam","display_name":"electron beam","score":0.7020000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/x-ray-beams","display_name":"X-ray beams","score":0.8230000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beam-parameters","display_name":"beam parameters","score":0.6050000190734863}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180048950","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q836828","display_name":"Linear particle accelerator","level":3,"score":0.7822553515434265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.7010235786437988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778530986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5457948","display_name":"Flatness (cosmology)","level":3,"score":0.5930565595626831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168834538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3705329","display_name":"Beam (structure)","level":2,"score":0.5328165888786316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95312477","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207340","display_name":"Cathode ray","level":3,"score":0.4296254515647888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94506165","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q863109","display_name":"Klystron","level":3,"score":0.4152640104293823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189166818","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q130825","display_name":"Particle accelerator","level":3,"score":0.4108372926712036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184779094","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26383","display_name":"Atomic physics","level":1,"score":0.4029116630554199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185544564","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81197","display_name":"Nuclear physics","level":1,"score":0.3901594877243042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.3737488090991974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147120987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2225","display_name":"Electron","level":2,"score":0.3045385479927063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26405456","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q338","display_name":"Cosmology","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D004583","descriptor_name":"Electrons","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010315","descriptor_name":"Particle Accelerators","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011880","descriptor_name":"Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017785","descriptor_name":"Photons","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1118/1.598580","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1118/1.598580","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1118/1.598580","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S95522064","display_name":"Medical Physics","issn_l":"0094-2405","issn":["0094-2405","1522-8541","2473-4209"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Medical Physics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:10360534","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10360534","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Medical physics","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":4,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1966353844","https://openalex.org/W2000286210","https://openalex.org/W2006079583","https://openalex.org/W3217483194"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1785436323","https://openalex.org/W186466613","https://openalex.org/W2089449338","https://openalex.org/W4313424264","https://openalex.org/W2046647368","https://openalex.org/W3008831366","https://openalex.org/W7030060137","https://openalex.org/W3032777229","https://openalex.org/W2015922389","https://openalex.org/W1997759732"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Siemens":[0],"Primus":[1,29],"is":[2,79,97,109,144,181,205,217],"a":[3,12,70,122,196],"small":[4],"footprint,":[5],"klystron":[6],"driven":[7],"medical":[8],"linear":[9],"accelerator":[10],"incorporating":[11],"compact":[13],"solid":[14],"state":[15],"modulator.":[16],"A":[17],"double":[18,115],"focused":[19],"multileaf":[20],"collimator":[21],"(MLC)":[22],"replaces":[23],"the":[24,31,101,119,151,156,234],"lower":[25],"jaw.":[26],"The":[27,64,114,148,221],"first":[28],"in":[30,41],"world":[32],"was":[33],"installed":[34],"at":[35,127,133],"St.":[36],"Jude":[37],"Children's":[38],"Research":[39],"Hospital":[40],"early":[42],"1997":[43],"with":[44,138],"x-ray":[45,93],"energies":[46,54,159,187,211],"of":[47,55,104,118,150,160,237],"6":[48,84,128],"and":[49,52,61,81,85,106,130,166,175,226],"15":[50,86,134],"MV":[51,87,129],"electron":[53,158,186],"8,":[56,161],"10,":[57,162],"12,":[58,163],"15,":[59,164],"18,":[60,165],"21":[62,167,189,213],"MeV.":[63],"10":[65,74,76],"cm":[66,72],"depth":[67,153],"dose":[68,154],"for":[69,83,155,184,195,209],"100":[71],"SSD":[73],"X":[75,198],"cm2":[77,200],"beam":[78,95,107,139,203],"68%":[80],"77%":[82],"x":[88],"rays,":[89],"respectively.":[90,178],"For":[91],"both":[92],"energies,":[94],"flatness":[96,180],"slightly":[98],"better":[99,111,206],"than":[100,112,146,207],"manufacturers":[102],"specification":[103],"3%":[105],"symmetry":[108,204],"considerably":[110],"1%.":[113,220],"focus":[116],"design":[117],"MLC":[120,141],"produces":[121],"sharp":[123],"penumbra":[124],"(5-7":[125],"mm":[126,132],"6-8":[131],"MV),":[135],"increasing":[136],"modestly":[137],"size.":[140],"leaf":[142],"leakage":[143],"less":[145],"1.25%.":[147],"depths":[149],"80%":[152],"six":[157],"MeV":[168],"are":[169,223],"2.6,":[170],"3.2,":[171],"4.0,":[172],"4.9,":[173],"6.0,":[174],"7.4":[176],"cm,":[177],"Beam":[179],"typically":[182],"2%-3%":[183],"all":[185,210],"except":[188,212],"MeV,":[190,214],"where":[191,215],"it":[192,216],"reaches":[193],"4%":[194],"25":[197,199],"cone.":[201],"Electron":[202],"1%":[208],"equal":[218],"to":[219],"results":[222],"stored":[224],"electronically":[225],"may":[227],"be":[228],"retrieved":[229],"using":[230],"anonymous":[231],"ftp":[232],"from":[233],"American":[235],"Institute":[236],"Physics,":[238],"Physics":[239],"Auxiliary":[240],"Publication":[241],"Service.":[242]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
