{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1998986346","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intell.2013.04.004","title":"Sex differences in reasoning abilities: Surprising evidence that male\u2013female ratios in the tails of the quantitative reasoning distribution have increased","display_name":"Sex differences in reasoning abilities: Surprising evidence that male\u2013female ratios in the tails of the quantitative reasoning distribution have increased","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-05-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1998986346","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intell.2013.04.004","mag":"1998986346"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.intell.2013.04.004","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intell.2013.04.004","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intell.2013.04.004","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3225087","display_name":"Intelligence","issn_l":"0160-2896","issn":["0160-2896","1873-7935"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060706926","display_name":"Joni M. Lakin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0546-0554","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0546-0554"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82497590","display_name":"Auburn University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v80fc35","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82497590"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Joni M. Lakin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Educational Foundations, Leadership, and Technology, 4036 Haley Center, Auburn University, AL 36849, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Educational Foundations, Leadership, and Technology, 4036 Haley Center, Auburn University, AL 36849, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82497590"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5060706926"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82497590"],"apc_list":{"value":3530,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3530},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.6426,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":49,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84996604,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"41","issue":"4","first_page":"263","last_page":"274"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11577","display_name":"Cognitive Abilities and Testing","score":0.8628000020980835,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11577","display_name":"Cognitive Abilities and Testing","score":0.8628000020980835,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10547","display_name":"Education, Achievement, and Giftedness","score":0.0617000013589859,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11345","display_name":"Cognitive and developmental aspects of mathematical skills","score":0.05420000106096268,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantitative-reasoning","display_name":"quantitative reasoning","score":0.968999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/verbal-reasoning","display_name":"verbal reasoning","score":0.6510000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonverbal-reasoning","display_name":"nonverbal reasoning","score":0.9340000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/male-female-ratio","display_name":"male-to-female ratio","score":0.6460000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/temporal-trends","display_name":"temporal trends","score":0.6200000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-abilities-test","display_name":"Cognitive Abilities Test","score":0.7350000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/school-age-students","display_name":"school-age students","score":0.46799999475479126}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.7851225137710571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.5850868225097656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.5832052230834961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36964233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7920942","display_name":"Verbal reasoning","level":3,"score":0.5324830412864685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145633318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207125","display_name":"Nonverbal communication","level":2,"score":0.43582040071487427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.intell.2013.04.004","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intell.2013.04.004","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intell.2013.04.004","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3225087","display_name":"Intelligence","issn_l":"0160-2896","issn":["0160-2896","1873-7935"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.7578999996185303},{"display_name":"Gender equality","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5","score":0.6025999784469604}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W26599246","https://openalex.org/W288935740","https://openalex.org/W628475466","https://openalex.org/W1513451850","https://openalex.org/W1795458515","https://openalex.org/W1965831193","https://openalex.org/W1972680737","https://openalex.org/W1980532734","https://openalex.org/W1982636427","https://openalex.org/W1999464409","https://openalex.org/W2000216026","https://openalex.org/W2000470342","https://openalex.org/W2012805784","https://openalex.org/W2020512197","https://openalex.org/W2025302749","https://openalex.org/W2039370266","https://openalex.org/W2047098663","https://openalex.org/W2054901375","https://openalex.org/W2068714337","https://openalex.org/W2073860730","https://openalex.org/W2075603996","https://openalex.org/W2093371949","https://openalex.org/W2097058088","https://openalex.org/W2098739372","https://openalex.org/W2101964204","https://openalex.org/W2104558171","https://openalex.org/W2107031757","https://openalex.org/W2112657826","https://openalex.org/W2124574430","https://openalex.org/W2131766718","https://openalex.org/W2151295775","https://openalex.org/W2151718811","https://openalex.org/W2158154995","https://openalex.org/W2162397375","https://openalex.org/W2162984196","https://openalex.org/W2170104643","https://openalex.org/W2261826328","https://openalex.org/W2325916939","https://openalex.org/W2604673438","https://openalex.org/W2740939417","https://openalex.org/W2917159001","https://openalex.org/W3099627959","https://openalex.org/W4244436880","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4300870773","https://openalex.org/W6819775268"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2098739372","https://openalex.org/W2526387018","https://openalex.org/W1971795066","https://openalex.org/W4229586701","https://openalex.org/W2960990437","https://openalex.org/W2000216026","https://openalex.org/W2104558171","https://openalex.org/W2070437323","https://openalex.org/W2055847173","https://openalex.org/W2158154995"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}