{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1998985298","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2885.2006.00794.x","title":"Pharmacodynamic effects and pharmacokinetic profile of a long\u2010term continuous rate infusion of racemic ketamine in healthy conscious horses","display_name":"Pharmacodynamic effects and pharmacokinetic profile of a long\u2010term continuous rate infusion of racemic ketamine in healthy conscious horses","publication_year":2006,"publication_date":"2006-11-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1998985298","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2885.2006.00794.x","mag":"1998985298","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17083451"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/j.1365-2885.2006.00794.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2885.2006.00794.x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2885.2006.00794.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S23625584","display_name":"Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics","issn_l":"0140-7783","issn":["0140-7783","1365-2885"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-2","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://dspace.library.uu.nl/handle/1874/20257","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113556215","display_name":"D. P. K. Lankveld","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193662353","display_name":"Utrecht University","ror":"https://ror.org/04pp8hn57","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193662353"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D. P. K. LANKVELD","raw_affiliation_strings":["Equine Sciences Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Equine Sciences Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193662353"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016011260","display_name":"Bernd Driessen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5522-6072","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5522-6072"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"B. DRIESSEN","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, PA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, PA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026810796","display_name":"Lawrence R. Soma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6791-3619","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6791-3619"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"L. R. SOMA","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, PA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, PA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015616758","display_name":"Peter J. Moate","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4598-2047","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4598-2047"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"P. J. MOATE","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, PA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, PA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111589257","display_name":"Jeffrey A. Rudy","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161171246","display_name":"West Chester University","ror":"https://ror.org/0053n5071","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161171246"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. RUDY","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pennsylvania Equine Toxicology & Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, West Chester University, West Chester, PA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pennsylvania Equine Toxicology & Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, West Chester University, West Chester, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161171246"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109925371","display_name":"Cornelius E. Uboh","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161171246","display_name":"West Chester University","ror":"https://ror.org/0053n5071","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161171246"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C. E. UBOH","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, PA","Pennsylvania Equine Toxicology & Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, West Chester University, West Chester, PA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, PA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pennsylvania Equine Toxicology & Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, West Chester University, West Chester, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161171246"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080159757","display_name":"P. van Dijk","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193662353","display_name":"Utrecht University","ror":"https://ror.org/04pp8hn57","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193662353"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"P. VAN DIJK","raw_affiliation_strings":["Equine Sciences Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Equine Sciences Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193662353"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027147125","display_name":"Ludo J. Hellebrekers","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193662353","display_name":"Utrecht University","ror":"https://ror.org/04pp8hn57","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193662353"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"L. J. HELLEBREKERS","raw_affiliation_strings":["Equine Sciences Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Equine Sciences Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193662353"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5016011260"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"],"apc_list":{"value":4520,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4520},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.8727,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":65,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93758865,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"29","issue":"6","first_page":"477","last_page":"488"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11905","display_name":"Veterinary Pharmacology and Anesthesia","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3404","display_name":"Small Animals"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/34","display_name":"Veterinary"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11905","display_name":"Veterinary Pharmacology and Anesthesia","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3404","display_name":"Small Animals"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/34","display_name":"Veterinary"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10436","display_name":"Anesthesia and Sedative Agents","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2703","display_name":"Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10872","display_name":"Veterinary Equine Medical Research","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3402","display_name":"Equine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/34","display_name":"Veterinary"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ketamine","display_name":"ketamine","score":0.984000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/continuous-infusion","display_name":"continuous infusion","score":0.8339999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/horses","display_name":"horses","score":0.8270000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pharmacokinetics","display_name":"pharmacokinetics","score":0.9160000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pharmacodynamics","display_name":"pharmacodynamics","score":0.9570000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/norketamine","display_name":"norketamine","score":0.9509999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hydroxynorketamine","display_name":"hydroxynorketamine","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drug-metabolism","display_name":"drug metabolism","score":0.609000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/elimination-half-life","display_name":"elimination half-life","score":0.8199999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sedation","display_name":"sedation","score":0.7369999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/muscle-tension","display_name":"muscle tension","score":0.5740000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cortisol","display_name":"cortisol","score":0.4819999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glucose","display_name":"glucose","score":0.7170000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonsteroidal-anti-inflammatory-drugs","display_name":"nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs","score":0.6039999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/long-term-drug-treatment","display_name":"long-term drug treatment","score":0.4300000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drug-safety","display_name":"drug safety","score":0.41999998688697815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/two-compartment-model","display_name":"two-compartment model","score":0.7210000157356262}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112705442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q323936","display_name":"Pharmacokinetics","level":2,"score":0.6986403465270996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111113717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q725307","display_name":"Pharmacodynamics","level":3,"score":0.6476957201957703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.6074023246765137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780762169","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5905368","display_name":"Horse","level":2,"score":0.5468851327896118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780795376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q243547","display_name":"Ketamine","level":2,"score":0.5233787298202515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776814716","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q574801","display_name":"Sedation","level":2,"score":0.49565446376800537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98274493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128406","display_name":"Pharmacology","level":1,"score":0.4666357636451721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780820201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173235","display_name":"Analgesic","level":2,"score":0.4422711431980133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42219234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131130","display_name":"Anesthesia","level":1,"score":0.41873475909233093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.3079546391963959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000700","descriptor_name":"Analgesics","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000700","descriptor_name":"Analgesics","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000700","descriptor_name":"Analgesics","qualifier_ui":"Q000493","qualifier_name":"pharmacokinetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000700","descriptor_name":"Analgesics","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001784","descriptor_name":"Blood Gas Analysis","qualifier_ui":"Q000662","qualifier_name":"veterinary","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001786","descriptor_name":"Blood Glucose","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004334","descriptor_name":"Drug Administration Schedule","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005230","descriptor_name":"Fatty Acids, Nonesterified","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006339","descriptor_name":"Heart Rate","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006736","descriptor_name":"Horses","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006854","descriptor_name":"Hydrocortisone","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007262","descriptor_name":"Infusions, Intravenous","qualifier_ui":"Q000662","qualifier_name":"veterinary","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007328","descriptor_name":"Insulin","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007649","descriptor_name":"Ketamine","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007649","descriptor_name":"Ketamine","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007649","descriptor_name":"Ketamine","qualifier_ui":"Q000493","qualifier_name":"pharmacokinetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007649","descriptor_name":"Ketamine","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018482","descriptor_name":"Muscle, Skeletal","qualifier_ui":"Q000201","qualifier_name":"enzymology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019344","descriptor_name":"Lactic Acid","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019540","descriptor_name":"Area Under Curve","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1111/j.1365-2885.2006.00794.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2885.2006.00794.x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2885.2006.00794.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S23625584","display_name":"Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics","issn_l":"0140-7783","issn":["0140-7783","1365-2885"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-2","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:17083451","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17083451","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics","raw_type":"Controlled Clinical Trial"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dspace.library.uu.nl:1874/20257","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dspace.library.uu.nl/handle/1874/20257","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401649","display_name":"Utrecht University Repository (Utrecht University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I193662353","host_organization_name":"Utrecht University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193662353"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:uu:oai:dspace.library.uu.nl:1874/20257","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dspace.library.uu.nl/handle/1874/20257","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401649","display_name":"Utrecht University Repository (Utrecht University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I193662353","host_organization_name":"Utrecht University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193662353"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 29, 477. Blackwell Publishing Ltd","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:dspace.library.uu.nl:1874/20257","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dspace.library.uu.nl/handle/1874/20257","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401649","display_name":"Utrecht University Repository (Utrecht University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I193662353","host_organization_name":"Utrecht University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193662353"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.8048999905586243,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":55,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W107079516","https://openalex.org/W155517877","https://openalex.org/W189961339","https://openalex.org/W205914017","https://openalex.org/W609219785","https://openalex.org/W1575571855","https://openalex.org/W1587824693","https://openalex.org/W1969201252","https://openalex.org/W1970259322","https://openalex.org/W1981081941","https://openalex.org/W1985751098","https://openalex.org/W1988059170","https://openalex.org/W1993638802","https://openalex.org/W1996859807","https://openalex.org/W1997359806","https://openalex.org/W1999282467","https://openalex.org/W2001537174","https://openalex.org/W2012982950","https://openalex.org/W2025327483","https://openalex.org/W2030068442","https://openalex.org/W2031336376","https://openalex.org/W2032836087","https://openalex.org/W2036207905","https://openalex.org/W2049726389","https://openalex.org/W2055122350","https://openalex.org/W2057494284","https://openalex.org/W2058365209","https://openalex.org/W2062625412","https://openalex.org/W2075619431","https://openalex.org/W2079140982","https://openalex.org/W2083413253","https://openalex.org/W2089750922","https://openalex.org/W2092006045","https://openalex.org/W2094135147","https://openalex.org/W2095235977","https://openalex.org/W2110798426","https://openalex.org/W2110804656","https://openalex.org/W2117944768","https://openalex.org/W2121230973","https://openalex.org/W2122175862","https://openalex.org/W2141410014","https://openalex.org/W2142228133","https://openalex.org/W2155429601","https://openalex.org/W2308376397","https://openalex.org/W2355723899","https://openalex.org/W2395134718","https://openalex.org/W2402191010","https://openalex.org/W2408147772","https://openalex.org/W2410003678","https://openalex.org/W2416256457","https://openalex.org/W2419403389","https://openalex.org/W2502670554","https://openalex.org/W4232460029","https://openalex.org/W4290294010","https://openalex.org/W4299869104"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2117444467","https://openalex.org/W2103937328","https://openalex.org/W2076317682","https://openalex.org/W7143889916","https://openalex.org/W4416978168","https://openalex.org/W2143760850","https://openalex.org/W2071151497","https://openalex.org/W267827334","https://openalex.org/W7134040952","https://openalex.org/W2020217158"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Ketamine":[0],"(KET)":[1],"possesses":[2],"analgesic":[3],"and":[4,33,42,83,95,107,113,124,130,196,217,226,230,250,254,305,307],"anti-inflammatory":[5],"activity":[6],"at":[7,277],"sub-anesthetic":[8],"doses,":[9],"suggesting":[10],"a":[11,58,205,262,282],"benefit":[12],"of":[13,35,40,60,93,105,175,188,193,211,248,265,285],"long-term":[14],"KET":[15,41,63,94,176,181,195,212,221,238,263,298],"treatment":[16],"in":[17,46,295],"horses":[18,48,57,136,275],"suffering":[19],"from":[20,168],"pain,":[21],"inflammatory":[22],"tissue":[23],"injury":[24],"and/or":[25],"endotoxemia.":[26],"However,":[27],"data":[28],"describing":[29],"the":[30,119,178,200,237,286,296,310],"pharmacodynamic":[31],"effects":[32],"safety":[34],"constant":[36],"rate":[37,115,289],"infusion":[38,121,288],"(CRI)":[39],"its":[43,96,189],"pharmacokinetic":[44],"profile":[45],"nonpremedicated":[47],"are":[49],"missing.":[50],"Therefore,":[51],"we":[52],"administered":[53,271],"to":[54,162,272,303],"six":[55],"healthy":[56,273],"CRI":[59,134,182,201,264],"1.5":[61,179,266],"mg/kg/h":[62,180,267],"over":[64],"320":[65],"min":[66],"following":[67,199],"initial":[68,287],"drug":[69],"loading.":[70],"Cardiopulmonary":[71],"parameters,":[72],"arterial":[73],"blood":[74],"gases,":[75],"glucose,":[76],"lactate,":[77],"cortisol,":[78],"insulin,":[79],"nonesterified":[80],"fatty":[81],"acids,":[82],"muscle":[84,108,148],"enzyme":[85],"levels":[86],"were":[87,90,110,228,252,309],"measured,":[88],"as":[89],"plasma":[91,173,190,239],"concentrations":[92],"metabolites":[97],"using":[98],"liquid":[99],"chromatography-tandem":[100],"mass":[101],"spectrometry":[102],"(LC-MS/MS).":[103],"Levels":[104],"sedation":[106],"tension":[109],"scored.":[111],"Respiration":[112],"heart":[114],"significantly":[116,126],"increased":[117],"during":[118,129,177],"early":[120],"phase.":[122],"Glucose":[123],"cortisol":[125],"varied":[127],"both":[128,194],"after":[131],"infusion.":[132],"During":[133],"all":[135],"scored":[137,145],"0":[138,146],"on":[139,147],"sedation.":[140],"All":[141,155],"but":[142],"one":[143,151],"horse":[144,297],"tension,":[149],"with":[150],"mare":[152],"scoring":[153],"1.":[154],"other":[156],"parameters":[157],"remained":[158],"within":[159],"or":[160],"close":[161],"physiological":[163],"limits":[164],"without":[165],"significant":[166],"changes":[167],"pre-CRI":[169],"values.":[170],"The":[171,186,208,220,234],"mean":[172],"concentration":[174],"was":[183,202,213,244,259],"235":[184],"ng/mL.":[185],"decline":[187],"concentration-time":[191,240],"curve":[192,241],"norketamine":[197],"(NKET)":[198],"described":[203],"by":[204],"two-compartmental":[206],"model.":[207],"metabolic":[209],"cascade":[210],"NKET,":[214],"hydroxynorketamine":[215],"(HNK),":[216],"5,6-dehydronorketamine":[218],"(DHNK).":[219],"median":[222],"elimination":[223,243],"half-lives":[224],"(t1/2alpha":[225],"t1/2beta)":[227],"2.3":[229],"67.4":[231],"min,":[232],"respectively.":[233,257],"area":[235],"under":[236],"(AUC),":[242],"76.0":[245],"microg.min/mL.":[246],"Volumes":[247],"C1":[249],"C2":[251],"0.24":[253],"0.79":[255],"L/kg,":[256],"It":[258],"concluded":[260],"that":[261],"can":[268],"safely":[269],"be":[270,292],"conscious":[274],"for":[276],"least":[278],"6":[279],"h,":[280],"although":[281],"slight":[283],"modification":[284],"regimen":[290],"may":[291],"indicated.":[293],"Furthermore,":[294],"undergoes":[299],"very":[300],"rapid":[301],"biotransformation":[302],"NKET":[304],"HNK":[306],"DHNK":[308],"major":[311],"terminal":[312],"metabolites.":[313]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}