{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1998922337","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/1097-4679(197710)33:4<928::aid-jclp2270330402>3.0.co;2-n","title":"Independent dimensions of depression: A factor analysis of three self-report depression measures","display_name":"Independent dimensions of depression: A factor analysis of three self-report depression measures","publication_year":1977,"publication_date":"1977-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1998922337","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/1097-4679(197710)33:4<928::aid-jclp2270330402>3.0.co;2-n","mag":"1998922337","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/270482"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/1097-4679(197710)33:4<928::aid-jclp2270330402>3.0.co;2-n","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/1097-4679(197710)33:4<928::aid-jclp2270330402>3.0.co;2-n","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/1097-4679(197710)33:4<928::aid-jclp2270330402>3.0.co;2-n","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S640450","display_name":"Journal of Clinical Psychology","issn_l":"0021-9762","issn":["0021-9762","1097-4679"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Clinical Psychology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048637966","display_name":"Leonard M. Giambra","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136897","display_name":"National Institute on Aging","ror":"https://ror.org/049v75w11","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210136897"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Leonard M. Giambra","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Institute on Aging Baltimore, Maryland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institute on Aging Baltimore, Maryland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136897"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5048637966"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136897"],"apc_list":{"value":3710,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3710},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.4534,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":35,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88440652,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"33","issue":"4","first_page":"928","last_page":"935"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10853","display_name":"Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes","score":0.7964000105857849,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10853","display_name":"Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes","score":0.7964000105857849,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10467","display_name":"Psychometric Methodologies and Testing","score":0.17880000174045563,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12848","display_name":"Psychological Testing and Assessment","score":0.013299999758601189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3202","display_name":"Applied Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/depression","display_name":"depression","score":0.7039999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beck-depression-inventory","display_name":"Beck Depression Inventory","score":0.859000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/zung-self-rating-depression-scale","display_name":"Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale","score":0.9879999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fatigability","display_name":"fatigability","score":0.9340000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sex-differences","display_name":"sex differences","score":0.6470000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/college-students","display_name":"university students","score":0.7269999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/incarcerated-persons","display_name":"incarcerated individuals","score":0.6119999885559082}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.7861324548721313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776867660","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1814941","display_name":"Depression (economics)","level":2,"score":0.7048022150993347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779631380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q813655","display_name":"Beck Depression Inventory","level":3,"score":0.5397914052009583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179861144","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2168094","display_name":"Varimax rotation","level":4,"score":0.520084798336029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70410870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199906","display_name":"Clinical psychology","level":1,"score":0.5189156532287598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83849319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7295720","display_name":"Rating scale","level":2,"score":0.4283784031867981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171606756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q506132","display_name":"Psychometrics","level":2,"score":0.3926106095314026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.36360055208206177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.2509348392486572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C558461103","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q154430","display_name":"Anxiety","level":2,"score":0.14010033011436462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106906290","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1140909","display_name":"Cronbach's alpha","level":3,"score":0.13410106301307678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000339","descriptor_name":"Affect","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001068","descriptor_name":"Feeding and Eating Disorders","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003863","descriptor_name":"Depression","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005221","descriptor_name":"Fatigue","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010555","descriptor_name":"Personality Inventory","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011594","descriptor_name":"Psychometrics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012737","descriptor_name":"Sex Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013405","descriptor_name":"Suicide","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/1097-4679(197710)33:4<928::aid-jclp2270330402>3.0.co;2-n","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/1097-4679(197710)33:4<928::aid-jclp2270330402>3.0.co;2-n","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/1097-4679(197710)33:4<928::aid-jclp2270330402>3.0.co;2-n","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S640450","display_name":"Journal of Clinical Psychology","issn_l":"0021-9762","issn":["0021-9762","1097-4679"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Clinical Psychology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:270482","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/270482","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of clinical psychology","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9391000270843506}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":8,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1495767528","https://openalex.org/W2023741484","https://openalex.org/W2067495470","https://openalex.org/W2071028904","https://openalex.org/W2088371249","https://openalex.org/W2157027948","https://openalex.org/W2169106321","https://openalex.org/W2170332928"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2025510809","https://openalex.org/W2015618085","https://openalex.org/W1938632486","https://openalex.org/W1979817120","https://openalex.org/W1969093268","https://openalex.org/W4385343172","https://openalex.org/W7095637336","https://openalex.org/W2037313403","https://openalex.org/W2170701421","https://openalex.org/W2023154568"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Covariance":[0],"studies":[1,94],"of":[2,25,39,57,106,142,148,164,176],"objective":[3,174],"depression":[4,154],"measures":[5,132],"have":[6,96],"concentrated":[7],"on":[8,36],"total":[9],"scores.":[10],"This":[11,156],"approach":[12],"is":[13],"relatively":[14],"insensitive":[15],"in":[16],"specifying":[17],"whether":[18],"these":[19,143],"instruments":[20],"measure":[21,175],"the":[22,37,40,45,58,128,139],"same":[23],"sub-aspects":[24],"depression.":[26,107,124,177],"To":[27],"investigate":[28],"this":[29,98],"question,":[30],"a":[31,81,101,172],"factor":[32,87],"analysis":[33],"was":[34,88],"performed":[35],"items":[38],"Beck":[41,129],"Depression":[42,48,60],"Inventory":[43],"and":[44,50,55,69,103,116,130,162],"Zung":[46,131],"Self-Rating":[47],"Scale":[49],"lists":[51],"A,":[52],"B,":[53],"C,":[54],"D":[56],"Lubin":[59],"Adjective":[61],"Check":[62],"Lists.":[63],"Ss":[64],"were":[65,134],"91":[66],"college":[67],"students":[68],"29":[70],"correctional":[71],"institution":[72],"inmates.":[73],"Four":[74],"clearly":[75],"interpretable":[76],"multimeasure":[77],"factors":[78,110],"resulted":[79],"from":[80],"Varimax":[82],"rotation.":[83],"The":[84,108],"most":[85],"salient":[86],"labeled":[89],"\"Depression:":[90],"Affective":[91],"Malaise.\"":[92],"Earlier":[93],"also":[95,133],"shown":[97],"to":[99,127,167,170],"be":[100,168],"dominant":[102],"reliable":[104],"dimension":[105],"other":[109],"were:":[111],"Suicidal":[112],"Ambivalence,\"":[113],"\"Appetite-Weight":[114],"Loss,\"":[115],"\"Fatigability.\"":[117],"Females":[118],"showed":[119],"greater":[120],"Fatigability":[121],"associated":[122],"with":[123],"Factors":[125],"specific":[126,153],"found,":[135],"which":[136],"suggests":[137],"that":[138,159],"different":[140],"emphases":[141],"instruments,":[144],"intensity/severity":[145],"vs.":[146],"frequency":[147,163],"symptoms,":[149],"may":[150,157],"contribute":[151],"very":[152],"indicators.":[155],"indicate":[158],"both":[160],"intensity":[161],"symptoms":[165],"ought":[166],"considered":[169],"obtain":[171],"\"best\"":[173]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}