{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1998880324","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3141/1707-03","title":"Hazardous Materials Transportation on U.S. Railroads: Application of Risk Analysis Methods to Decision Making in Development of Regulations","display_name":"Hazardous Materials Transportation on U.S. Railroads: Application of Risk Analysis Methods to Decision Making in Development of Regulations","publication_year":2000,"publication_date":"2000-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1998880324","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3141/1707-03","mag":"1998880324"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3141/1707-03","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3141/1707-03","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3141/1707-03","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S145575934","display_name":"Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board","issn_l":"0361-1981","issn":["0361-1981","2169-4052"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107865189","display_name":"Phani K. Raj","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1866-1723","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1866-1723"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Phani K. Raj","raw_affiliation_strings":["Technology & Management Systems, Inc., 99 South Bedford Street, Suite 210, Burlington, MA 01803"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technology & Management Systems, Inc., 99 South Bedford Street, Suite 210, Burlington, MA 01803","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065879369","display_name":"Edward W. Pritchard","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1282462722","display_name":"United States Department of Transportation","ror":"https://ror.org/02xfw2e90","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1282462722"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82215649","display_name":"Federal Railroad Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/0275ebj77","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1282462722","https://openalex.org/I82215649"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Edward W. Pritchard","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hazardous Materials Division, Office of Safety, U.S. Department of Transportation, RRS-12, Federal Railroad Administration, 400 Seventh Street, SW, Washington, DC 20590"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hazardous Materials Division, Office of Safety, U.S. Department of Transportation, RRS-12, Federal Railroad Administration, 400 Seventh Street, SW, Washington, DC 20590","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1282462722","https://openalex.org/I82215649"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3650,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3650},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":33,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"1707","issue":"1","first_page":"22","last_page":"26"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11357","display_name":"Risk and Safety Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11357","display_name":"Risk and Safety Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13840","display_name":"Chemical Safety and Risk Management","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1504","display_name":"Chemical Health and Safety"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/15","display_name":"Chemical Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13923","display_name":"Nuclear and radioactivity studies","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hazardous-materials-transportation","display_name":"dangerous goods transport","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tank-cars","display_name":"tank cars","score":0.7839999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-analysis","display_name":"risk analysis","score":0.9589999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regulatory-decision-making","display_name":"regulatory decision-making","score":0.8240000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/federal-railroad-administration","display_name":"Federal Railroad Administration","score":0.8230000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-based-regulation","display_name":"risk-based regulation","score":0.722000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-reduction","display_name":"risk mitigation","score":0.7039999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-safety","display_name":"public safety","score":0.4359999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/railway-safety","display_name":"railway safety","score":0.4659999907016754}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22507642","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069369","display_name":"Hazardous waste","level":2,"score":0.856694221496582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22212356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775325","display_name":"Transport engineering","level":1,"score":0.6129741668701172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.5463550090789795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12174686","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1058438","display_name":"Risk assessment","level":2,"score":0.49808478355407715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.49578580260276794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.422305703163147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.3139975666999817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548081761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180388","display_name":"Waste management","level":1,"score":0.2013120949268341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.17306643724441528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.15766704082489014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.11337733268737793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3141/1707-03","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3141/1707-03","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3141/1707-03","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S145575934","display_name":"Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board","issn_l":"0361-1981","issn":["0361-1981","2169-4052"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.428600013256073}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2583018204","https://openalex.org/W1872554085","https://openalex.org/W565503952","https://openalex.org/W2134646122","https://openalex.org/W1984601908","https://openalex.org/W562749551","https://openalex.org/W2150321328","https://openalex.org/W609407722","https://openalex.org/W642240200","https://openalex.org/W2563159772"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,162],"Office":[1,53],"of":[2,4,29,35,54,97,100,113,122,142,153,170],"Safety":[3,55,117],"the":[5,25,48,52,87,90,95,106,114,120,135,140,151,158,168,180],"Federal":[6,143],"Railroad":[7],"Administration":[8],"(FRA)":[9],"is":[10,83],"responsible":[11],"for":[12],"ensuring":[13],"public":[14],"and":[15,38,43],"personnel":[16],"safety":[17],"in":[18,64,73,102,126,134,167],"U.S.":[19,91,107],"railroad":[20,36,108],"operations.":[21],"This":[22],"office":[23],"ensures":[24],"safe":[26],"rail":[27],"transportation":[28,72,96],"hazardous":[30,70,124],"materials":[31,71],"by":[32,81,139],"conducting":[33],"inspections":[34],"operations":[37],"equipment,":[39],"including":[40],"tank":[41,74,103,130],"cars,":[42],"developing":[44],"safety-related":[45],"regulations.":[46],"In":[47],"past":[49],"few":[50],"years,":[51],"has":[56],"been":[57],"using":[58],"risk":[59,77,160,163],"analysis":[60,78],"as":[61],"a":[62,145],"tool":[63],"making":[65],"rational":[66],"regulatory":[67],"decisions":[68,175],"on":[69,105,150,157,179],"cars.":[75],"A":[76],"protocol":[79],"developed":[80],"FRA":[82],"described":[84],"to":[85,89],"evaluate":[86],"risks":[88],"population":[92],"arising":[93],"from":[94],"different":[98],"types":[99],"chemicals":[101,125],"cars":[104,131],"system.":[109],"Following":[110],"several":[111,123],"recommendations":[112,156],"National":[115],"Transportation":[116],"Board":[118],"requiring":[119],"shipment":[121],"highly":[127],"protected,":[128],"pressure-rated":[129],"rather":[132],"than":[133],"minimum":[136],"packaging":[137],"authorized":[138],"Code":[141],"Regulations,":[144],"risk-based":[146],"evaluation":[147],"was":[148],"made":[149,177],"effect":[152],"implementing":[154],"these":[155],"overall":[159],"reduction.":[161],"results":[164],"were":[165,176],"presented":[166],"parameters":[169],"Military":[171],"Standard":[172],"882-B.":[173],"Policy":[174],"based":[178],"results.":[181]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-09-27T08:07:27.782135","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}