{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1998845686","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.81.17.5412","title":"Stability of \"salt bridges\" in membrane proteins.","display_name":"Stability of \"salt bridges\" in membrane proteins.","publication_year":1984,"publication_date":"1984-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1998845686","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.81.17.5412","mag":"1998845686","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6591197","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/391714"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1073/pnas.81.17.5412","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.81.17.5412","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.81.17.5412","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S125754415","display_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","issn_l":"0027-8424","issn":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320052","host_organization_name":"National Academy of Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320052"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["National Academy of Sciences"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/391714","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036654109","display_name":"Barry H. Honig","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1835-1031","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1835-1031","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2480-6696"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"B H Honig","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036133609","display_name":"Wayne L. Hubbell","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0577-3312","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0577-3312"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161318765","display_name":"University of California, Los Angeles","ror":"https://ror.org/046rm7j60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"W L Hubbell","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90024","tJules Stein Eye Institute and"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90024","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"tJules Stein Eye Institute and","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.7653,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":173,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84996609,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"81","issue":"17","first_page":"5412","last_page":"5416"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10044","display_name":"Protein Structure and Dynamics","score":0.9580000042915344,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10044","display_name":"Protein Structure and Dynamics","score":0.9580000042915344,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10407","display_name":"Lipid Membrane Structure and Behavior","score":0.008899999782443047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12274","display_name":"Electrostatics and Colloid Interactions","score":0.006300000008195639,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1606","display_name":"Physical and Theoretical Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/salt-bridges","display_name":"salt bridges","score":0.9890000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/membrane-proteins","display_name":"membrane proteins","score":0.9290000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ion-pairing","display_name":"ion pairing","score":0.5450000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hydrogen-bonding","display_name":"hydrogen bonding","score":0.6949999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/amino-acid-side-chains","display_name":"amino acid side chains","score":0.8389999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/solvation-energy","display_name":"solvation energy","score":0.781000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dielectric-constant","display_name":"dielectric constant","score":0.8149999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lysine","display_name":"lysine","score":0.8659999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glutamate","display_name":"glutamate","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pk-values","display_name":"pK values","score":0.6480000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protein-stability","display_name":"protein stability","score":0.41999998688697815}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.7013751864433289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54516573","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2294","display_name":"Proton","level":2,"score":0.6156609654426575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30765947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899119","display_name":"Salt bridge","level":4,"score":0.5898478627204895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204921945","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899689","display_name":"Side chain","level":3,"score":0.5780260562896729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145148216","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36496","display_name":"Ion","level":2,"score":0.5391405820846558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198291218","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190382","display_name":"Ionization","level":3,"score":0.5097336173057556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112887158","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q169324","display_name":"Hydrogen bond","level":3,"score":0.5071077346801758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148093993","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q739398","display_name":"Solvation","level":3,"score":0.5037724375724792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776371256","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12370","display_name":"Salt (chemistry)","level":2,"score":0.47398868203163147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778740566","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181136","display_name":"Glutamic acid","level":3,"score":0.44641223549842834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8010536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160398","display_name":"Crystallography","level":1,"score":0.35870617628097534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C515207424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8066","display_name":"Amino acid","level":2,"score":0.3210320770740509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32909587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11369","display_name":"Molecule","level":2,"score":0.3171027898788452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147789679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11372","display_name":"Physical chemistry","level":1,"score":0.20715990662574768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.14025676250457764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.1017071008682251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C521977710","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81163","display_name":"Polymer","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143065580","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3285695","display_name":"Mutant","level":3,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D002151","descriptor_name":"Calorimetry","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006860","descriptor_name":"Hydrogen Bonding","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008565","descriptor_name":"Membrane Proteins","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011487","descriptor_name":"Protein Conformation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012492","descriptor_name":"Salts","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013816","descriptor_name":"Thermodynamics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1073/pnas.81.17.5412","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.81.17.5412","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.81.17.5412","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S125754415","display_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","issn_l":"0027-8424","issn":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320052","host_organization_name":"National Academy of Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320052"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["National Academy of Sciences"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:391714","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/391714","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:6591197","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6591197","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:391714","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/391714","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G9000067001","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"GM30518","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1975304761","https://openalex.org/W1981916797","https://openalex.org/W2001126546","https://openalex.org/W2023400093","https://openalex.org/W2023540469","https://openalex.org/W2034156341","https://openalex.org/W2040351161","https://openalex.org/W2043774431","https://openalex.org/W2072220895","https://openalex.org/W2075767823","https://openalex.org/W2102791323","https://openalex.org/W2157724269","https://openalex.org/W2791295495","https://openalex.org/W4242034679","https://openalex.org/W4254371698"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2041393913","https://openalex.org/W2036524595","https://openalex.org/W2011276710","https://openalex.org/W2026060267","https://openalex.org/W1987993651","https://openalex.org/W3157511652","https://openalex.org/W2067592712","https://openalex.org/W2324430523","https://openalex.org/W1997231855","https://openalex.org/W30218150"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"estimate":[1,74],"the":[2,29,35,75,110,159,187],"free":[3,31,38,78],"energies":[4,32,72],"of":[5,7,113,149,161,174],"transfer":[6,37,64,140,166],"ionized":[8,90,154],"amino":[9,84],"acid":[10,54,85],"side":[11,86],"chains":[12],"in":[13,23,40,82,88,153,182,193],"water":[14,95,145],"to":[15,34,59,73,101,120,139,146,177],"both":[16,89],"their":[17],"ion-paired":[18],"and":[19,47,52,68,91,116,126],"neutral":[20,92,156],"hydrogen-bonded":[21],"states":[22],"low-dielectric":[24],"media.":[25],"The":[26,106,164,172],"difference":[27],"between":[28,45,122],"two":[30],"corresponds":[33],"proton":[36,63,165],"energy":[39,79,112,167],"a":[41,114,141,147],"\"salt":[42],"bridge\"":[43],"formed":[44],"acidic":[46],"basic":[48],"groups":[49],"(i.e.,":[50],"lysine":[51],"glutamic":[53],"residues).":[55],"Our":[56,130],"approach":[57],"is":[58,168],"use":[60],"gas":[61],"phase":[62],"data,":[65],"pK":[66],"values,":[67],"experimentally":[69],"determined":[70],"solvation":[71],"standard":[76],"state":[77],"changes":[80],"involved":[81],"transferring":[83],"chains,":[87],"form,":[93],"from":[94,144],"(dielectric":[96],"constant":[97],"epsilon":[98,123,127,150],"=":[99,104,124,128,151],"80)":[100],"vacuum":[102],"(epsilon":[103],"1).":[105],"familiar":[107],"expressions":[108],"for":[109],"charging":[111],"sphere":[115],"dipole":[117],"are":[118],"used":[119],"interpolate":[121],"1":[125],"80.":[129],"results":[131],"suggest":[132],"that":[133,186],"it":[134],"costs":[135],"approximately":[136,170],"10-16":[137],"kcal/mol":[138],"salt":[142,175],"bridge":[143],"medium":[148],"2-4,":[152],"or":[155],"form":[157,178],"within":[158],"resolution":[160],"our":[162],"estimates.":[163],"thus":[169],"0.":[171],"tendency":[173],"bridges":[176],"additional":[179],"hydrogen":[180],"bonds":[181],"real":[183],"proteins":[184],"suggests":[185],"ion":[188],"pair":[189],"will":[190],"be":[191],"present":[192],"most":[194],"biological":[195],"systems.":[196]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}