{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1998774762","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmats.2014.00015","title":"Group IV Light Sources to Enable the Convergence of Photonics and Electronics","display_name":"Group IV Light Sources to Enable the Convergence of Photonics and Electronics","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-09-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1998774762","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmats.2014.00015","mag":"1998774762"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fmats.2014.00015","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmats.2014.00015","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmats.2014.00015","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmats.2014.00015/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2595389538","display_name":"Frontiers in Materials","issn_l":"2296-8016","issn":["2296-8016"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Materials","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmats.2014.00015/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012385532","display_name":"Shinichi Saito","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1539-1182","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1539-1182","https://orcid.org/0009-0001-1440-5485"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43439940","display_name":"University of Southampton","ror":"https://ror.org/01ryk1543","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Shinichi Saito","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Physical Sciences and Engineering, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Physical Sciences and Engineering, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037482385","display_name":"Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Y. Gardes","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1400-3272","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1400-3272"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43439940","display_name":"University of Southampton","ror":"https://ror.org/01ryk1543","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Frederic Yannick Gardes","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Physical Sciences and Engineering, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Physical Sciences and Engineering, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048850402","display_name":"Abdelrahman Zaher Al-Attili","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2380-8857","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2380-8857"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43439940","display_name":"University of Southampton","ror":"https://ror.org/01ryk1543","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdelrahman Zaher Al-Attili","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Physical Sciences and Engineering, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Physical Sciences and Engineering, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032563553","display_name":"Kazuki Tani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4880-0288","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4880-0288"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210106989","display_name":"Photonics Electronics Technology Research Association","ror":"https://ror.org/01fqmah26","country_code":"JP","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210106989"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I65143321","display_name":"Hitachi (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/02exqgm79","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I65143321"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kazuki Tani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Central Research Laboratory, Hitachi Ltd., Tokyo, Japan","Institute for Photonics-Electronics Convergence System Technology (PECST), Tokyo, Japan","Photonics Electronics Technology Research Association (PETRA), Tokyo, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Central Research Laboratory, Hitachi Ltd., Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I65143321"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Photonics-Electronics Convergence System Technology (PECST), Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Photonics Electronics Technology Research Association (PETRA), Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210106989"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052868454","display_name":"Katsuya Oda","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3143-4453","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3143-4453"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210106989","display_name":"Photonics Electronics Technology Research Association","ror":"https://ror.org/01fqmah26","country_code":"JP","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210106989"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I65143321","display_name":"Hitachi (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/02exqgm79","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I65143321"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Katsuya Oda","raw_affiliation_strings":["Central Research Laboratory, Hitachi Ltd., Tokyo, Japan","Institute for Photonics-Electronics Convergence System Technology (PECST), Tokyo, Japan","Photonics Electronics Technology Research Association (PETRA), Tokyo, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Central Research Laboratory, Hitachi Ltd., Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I65143321"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Photonics-Electronics Convergence System Technology (PECST), Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Photonics Electronics Technology Research Association (PETRA), Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210106989"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112285731","display_name":"Yuji Suwa","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210106989","display_name":"Photonics Electronics Technology Research Association","ror":"https://ror.org/01fqmah26","country_code":"JP","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210106989"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I65143321","display_name":"Hitachi (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/02exqgm79","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I65143321"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuji Suwa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Central Research Laboratory, Hitachi Ltd., Tokyo, Japan","Institute for Photonics-Electronics Convergence System Technology (PECST), Tokyo, Japan","Photonics Electronics Technology Research Association (PETRA), Tokyo, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Central Research Laboratory, Hitachi Ltd., Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I65143321"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Photonics-Electronics Convergence System Technology (PECST), Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Photonics Electronics Technology Research Association (PETRA), Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210106989"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078314980","display_name":"Tatemi IDO","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1938-0547","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1938-0547"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210106989","display_name":"Photonics Electronics Technology Research Association","ror":"https://ror.org/01fqmah26","country_code":"JP","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210106989"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I65143321","display_name":"Hitachi (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/02exqgm79","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I65143321"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tatemi Ido","raw_affiliation_strings":["Central Research Laboratory, Hitachi Ltd., Tokyo, Japan","Institute for Photonics-Electronics Convergence System Technology (PECST), Tokyo, Japan","Photonics Electronics Technology Research Association (PETRA), Tokyo, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Central Research Laboratory, Hitachi Ltd., Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I65143321"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Photonics-Electronics Convergence System Technology (PECST), Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Photonics Electronics Technology Research Association (PETRA), Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210106989"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042133585","display_name":"Yasuhiko Ishikawa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1361-9131","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1361-9131"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74801974","display_name":"The University of Tokyo","ror":"https://ror.org/057zh3y96","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yasuhiko Ishikawa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Materials Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Materials Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113566455","display_name":"Satoshi Kako","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405287318","display_name":"Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo","ror":"https://ror.org/04t6zpd80","country_code":"JP","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405287318","https://openalex.org/I74801974"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74801974","display_name":"The University of Tokyo","ror":"https://ror.org/057zh3y96","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Satoshi Kako","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Photonics-Electronics Convergence System Technology (PECST), Tokyo, Japan","Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Photonics-Electronics Convergence System Technology (PECST), Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405287318","https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069604041","display_name":"Satoshi Iwamoto","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9805-6325","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9805-6325"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405287318","display_name":"Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo","ror":"https://ror.org/04t6zpd80","country_code":"JP","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405287318","https://openalex.org/I74801974"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74801974","display_name":"The University of Tokyo","ror":"https://ror.org/057zh3y96","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Satoshi Iwamoto","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Photonics-Electronics Convergence System Technology (PECST), Tokyo, Japan","Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Photonics-Electronics Convergence System Technology (PECST), Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405287318","https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001146133","display_name":"Yasuhiko Arakawa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0373-9452","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0373-9452"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405287318","display_name":"Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo","ror":"https://ror.org/04t6zpd80","country_code":"JP","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405287318","https://openalex.org/I74801974"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74801974","display_name":"The University of Tokyo","ror":"https://ror.org/057zh3y96","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yasuhiko Arakawa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Photonics-Electronics Convergence System Technology (PECST), Tokyo, Japan","Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Photonics-Electronics Convergence System Technology (PECST), Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405287318","https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5012385532"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"],"apc_list":{"value":3150,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3801},"apc_paid":{"value":3150,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3801},"fwci":2.2703,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":46,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8823603,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"1","issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10299","display_name":"Photonic and Optical Devices","score":0.9926999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10299","display_name":"Photonic and Optical Devices","score":0.9926999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11429","display_name":"Semiconductor Lasers and Optical Devices","score":0.0044999998062849045,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11169","display_name":"Silicon Nanostructures and Photoluminescence","score":0.0008999999845400453,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/silicon-light-sources","display_name":"silicon light sources","score":0.7580000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/germanium-lasers","display_name":"germanium lasers","score":0.8999999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/monolithic-integration","display_name":"monolithic integration","score":0.7039999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chip-to-chip-optical-interconnects","display_name":"chip-to-chip optical interconnects","score":0.8479999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-confinement","display_name":"quantum confinement","score":0.5770000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiple-quantum-wells","display_name":"multiple quantum wells","score":0.8370000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/purcell-effect","display_name":"Purcell effect","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/n-type-doping","display_name":"n-type doping","score":0.7229999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/indirect-band-gap","display_name":"indirect band gap","score":0.6129999756813049}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20788544","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q467054","display_name":"Photonics","level":2,"score":0.6770529747009277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.6584573984146118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119423029","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3749103","display_name":"Silicon photonics","level":3,"score":0.6456962823867798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C550623735","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q867","display_name":"Germanium","level":3,"score":0.6354135274887085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C544956773","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q670","display_name":"Silicon","level":2,"score":0.6352674961090088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.600196123123169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138331895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11650","display_name":"Electronics","level":2,"score":0.5108794569969177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139159486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5953298","display_name":"Hybrid silicon laser","level":3,"score":0.4784015119075775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2985930086","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65037198","display_name":"Light emission","level":2,"score":0.46415552496910095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57863236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1130571","display_name":"Doping","level":2,"score":0.4241890609264374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61696701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q770766","display_name":"Engineering physics","level":1,"score":0.39702895283699036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.38793623447418213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1603042483329773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.15131744742393494}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3389/fmats.2014.00015","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmats.2014.00015","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmats.2014.00015","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmats.2014.00015/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2595389538","display_name":"Frontiers in Materials","issn_l":"2296-8016","issn":["2296-8016"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Materials","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.soton.ac.uk:369143","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://doi.org/10.3389/fmats.2014.00015>).","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401019","display_name":"ePrints Soton (University of Southampton)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I43439940","host_organization_name":"University of Southampton","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:197e8dde292b46ca9f5fb70831ae8612","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/197e8dde292b46ca9f5fb70831ae8612","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Materials, Vol 1 (2014)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fmats.2014.00015","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmats.2014.00015","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmats.2014.00015","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmats.2014.00015/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2595389538","display_name":"Frontiers in Materials","issn_l":"2296-8016","issn":["2296-8016"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Materials","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4943999946117401,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6404342562","display_name":"Atomic Scale Group-IV Materials for Beyond-CMOS Applications","funder_award_id":"618116","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6976595043","display_name":"HERMES: High dEnsity Silicon GeRManium intEgrated photonicS","funder_award_id":"EP/K02423X/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320277","display_name":"University of Southampton","ror":"https://ror.org/01ryk1543"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320912","display_name":"Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/048rj2z13"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322832","display_name":"University of Tokyo","ror":"https://ror.org/057zh3y96"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","ror":"https://ror.org/00hhkn466"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1998774762.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1998774762.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":146,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W271902226","https://openalex.org/W587555549","https://openalex.org/W640504213","https://openalex.org/W1150036060","https://openalex.org/W1491885026","https://openalex.org/W1582374147","https://openalex.org/W1596184939","https://openalex.org/W1598285744","https://openalex.org/W1648540692","https://openalex.org/W1661368752","https://openalex.org/W1837679611","https://openalex.org/W1965366925","https://openalex.org/W1969024011","https://openalex.org/W1969639791","https://openalex.org/W1974813457","https://openalex.org/W1974963093","https://openalex.org/W1975025029","https://openalex.org/W1979156491","https://openalex.org/W1979736440","https://openalex.org/W1979947620","https://openalex.org/W1980679528","https://openalex.org/W1981113567","https://openalex.org/W1981421136","https://openalex.org/W1981545425","https://openalex.org/W1982760863","https://openalex.org/W1982991849","https://openalex.org/W1983764025","https://openalex.org/W1984072111","https://openalex.org/W1984530298","https://openalex.org/W1984662309","https://openalex.org/W1985682095","https://openalex.org/W1988135906","https://openalex.org/W1989717383","https://openalex.org/W1990667488","https://openalex.org/W1990759845","https://openalex.org/W1991197510","https://openalex.org/W1991876866","https://openalex.org/W1991960016","https://openalex.org/W1992672596","https://openalex.org/W1993463907","https://openalex.org/W1994350206","https://openalex.org/W1994466304","https://openalex.org/W1995461644","https://openalex.org/W1997069501","https://openalex.org/W1997247379","https://openalex.org/W1999129435","https://openalex.org/W2000999566","https://openalex.org/W2001198212","https://openalex.org/W2001751274","https://openalex.org/W2002443929","https://openalex.org/W2004589402","https://openalex.org/W2004718930","https://openalex.org/W2004891041","https://openalex.org/W2006630628","https://openalex.org/W2008677889","https://openalex.org/W2011508159","https://openalex.org/W2014977476","https://openalex.org/W2015585976","https://openalex.org/W2016718907","https://openalex.org/W2016993844","https://openalex.org/W2018399067","https://openalex.org/W2019237751","https://openalex.org/W2022213920","https://openalex.org/W2022634029","https://openalex.org/W2022993393","https://openalex.org/W2023577671","https://openalex.org/W2023874867","https://openalex.org/W2024491995","https://openalex.org/W2033344295","https://openalex.org/W2035799106","https://openalex.org/W2035817882","https://openalex.org/W2035897334","https://openalex.org/W2037308424","https://openalex.org/W2037321118","https://openalex.org/W2039626632","https://openalex.org/W2040521561","https://openalex.org/W2041530859","https://openalex.org/W2041706876","https://openalex.org/W2043141080","https://openalex.org/W2050397252","https://openalex.org/W2050930487","https://openalex.org/W2052339570","https://openalex.org/W2053520333","https://openalex.org/W2056827556","https://openalex.org/W2056930945","https://openalex.org/W2056976898","https://openalex.org/W2058639886","https://openalex.org/W2060026782","https://openalex.org/W2062738295","https://openalex.org/W2063820536","https://openalex.org/W2065859194","https://openalex.org/W2066095933","https://openalex.org/W2066600857","https://openalex.org/W2067561193","https://openalex.org/W2068317040","https://openalex.org/W2069789228","https://openalex.org/W2071451731","https://openalex.org/W2071676436","https://openalex.org/W2076343339","https://openalex.org/W2077839714","https://openalex.org/W2078966467","https://openalex.org/W2079195027","https://openalex.org/W2080733656","https://openalex.org/W2084645333","https://openalex.org/W2085359721","https://openalex.org/W2087585288","https://openalex.org/W2091049514","https://openalex.org/W2091117283","https://openalex.org/W2091447777","https://openalex.org/W2093130747","https://openalex.org/W2100885272","https://openalex.org/W2105602437","https://openalex.org/W2108328836","https://openalex.org/W2111278212","https://openalex.org/W2111756814","https://openalex.org/W2117894566","https://openalex.org/W2120009513","https://openalex.org/W2127532549","https://openalex.org/W2128892925","https://openalex.org/W2133245862","https://openalex.org/W2134613669","https://openalex.org/W2135818056","https://openalex.org/W2137864571","https://openalex.org/W2139109997","https://openalex.org/W2139852983","https://openalex.org/W2146274038","https://openalex.org/W2150678428","https://openalex.org/W2152244140","https://openalex.org/W2153834150","https://openalex.org/W2170964144","https://openalex.org/W2296013661","https://openalex.org/W2316797082","https://openalex.org/W2317924254","https://openalex.org/W2401989932","https://openalex.org/W2463359059","https://openalex.org/W2473472505","https://openalex.org/W4211001913","https://openalex.org/W4211162952","https://openalex.org/W4212898663","https://openalex.org/W4244160034","https://openalex.org/W4246770654","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4302396052","https://openalex.org/W6638822131","https://openalex.org/W6682554756","https://openalex.org/W6781660881"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2079994210","https://openalex.org/W2499063367","https://openalex.org/W2512188273","https://openalex.org/W2111278212","https://openalex.org/W3202723905","https://openalex.org/W2614409646","https://openalex.org/W3008296517","https://openalex.org/W7203486476","https://openalex.org/W4402907357","https://openalex.org/W3128674917"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Group":[0,119],"IV":[1,120],"lasers":[2],"are":[3,127,149,169],"expected":[4],"to":[5,18,73,96,130,158,171],"revolutionize":[6],"chip-to-chip":[7],"optical":[8],"communications":[9],"in":[10,50,91,118,163],"terms":[11],"of":[12,22,35,46,100,176],"cost,":[13],"scalability,":[14],"yield,":[15],"and":[16,37,48,62,103,122,154,178],"compatibility":[17],"the":[19,31,54,84,98,106,160,164,174],"existing":[20],"infrastructure":[21],"silicon":[23,36,67,139,182],"industries":[24],"for":[25,57,151],"mass":[26],"production.":[27],"Here,":[28],"we":[29,63],"review":[30],"current":[32],"state-of-the-art":[33],"developments":[34],"germanium":[38,135,145],"light":[39,58,101],"sources":[40],"towards":[41,173],"monolithic":[42],"integration.":[43],"Quantum":[44],"confinement":[45],"electrons":[47],"holes":[49],"nano-structures":[51],"has":[52],"been":[53],"primary":[55],"route":[56],"emission":[59,104],"from":[60],"silicon,":[61],"can":[64,87],"use":[65],"advanced":[66],"technologies":[68,126,148],"using":[69],"top-down":[70],"patterning":[71],"processes":[72],"fabricate":[74],"these":[75],"nano-structures,":[76],"including":[77],"fin-type":[78],"vertical":[79],"multiple":[80],"quantum":[81],"wells.":[82],"Moreover,":[83],"electromagnetic":[85],"environment":[86],"also":[88,111],"be":[89],"manipulated":[90],"a":[92,132,138,143,181],"photonic":[93],"crystal":[94],"nano-cavity":[95],"enhance":[97],"efficiency":[99],"extraction":[102],"by":[105],"Purcell":[107],"effect.":[108],"Germanium":[109],"is":[110],"widely":[112],"investigated":[113],"as":[114],"an":[115],"active":[116],"material":[117],"photonics,":[121],"novel":[123],"epitaxial":[124],"growth":[125],"being":[128],"developed":[129],"make":[131],"high":[133,155],"quality":[134],"layer":[136],"on":[137,180],"substrate.":[140],"To":[141],"develop":[142],"practical":[144],"laser,":[146],"various":[147],"employed":[150],"tensile-stress":[152],"engineering":[153],"electron":[156],"doping":[157],"compensate":[159],"indirect":[161],"valleys":[162],"conduction":[165],"band.":[166],"These":[167],"challenges":[168],"aiming":[170],"contribute":[172],"convergence":[175],"electronics":[177],"photonics":[179],"chip.":[183]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}