{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1998757532","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.538718","title":"Development of a multitechnology FPGA: a reconfigurable architecture for photonic information processing","display_name":"Development of a multitechnology FPGA: a reconfigurable architecture for photonic information processing","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-06-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1998757532","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.538718","mag":"1998757532"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1117/12.538718","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.538718","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.538718","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S183492911","display_name":"Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE","issn_l":"0277-786X","issn":["0277-786X","1996-756X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315543","host_organization_name":"SPIE","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315543"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SPIE"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SPIE Proceedings","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025053754","display_name":"Prosenjit Mal","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63135867","display_name":"University of Cincinnati","ror":"https://ror.org/01e3m7079","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63135867"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Prosenjit Mal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Univ. of Cincinnati (United States)","University of Cincinnati UNITED STATES"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. of Cincinnati (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63135867"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Cincinnati UNITED STATES","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63135867"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047528318","display_name":"Kavita Toshniwal","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63135867","display_name":"University of Cincinnati","ror":"https://ror.org/01e3m7079","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63135867"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kavita Toshniwal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Univ. of Cincinnati (United States)","University of Cincinnati UNITED STATES"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. of Cincinnati (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63135867"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Cincinnati UNITED STATES","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63135867"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085839442","display_name":"Chris Hawk","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63135867","display_name":"University of Cincinnati","ror":"https://ror.org/01e3m7079","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63135867"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chris Hawk","raw_affiliation_strings":["Univ. of Cincinnati (United States)","University of Cincinnati UNITED STATES"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. of Cincinnati (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63135867"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Cincinnati UNITED STATES","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63135867"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005909077","display_name":"Prashant R. Bhadri","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63135867","display_name":"University of Cincinnati","ror":"https://ror.org/01e3m7079","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63135867"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Prashant R. Bhadri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Univ. of Cincinnati (United States)","University of Cincinnati UNITED STATES"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. of Cincinnati (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63135867"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Cincinnati UNITED STATES","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63135867"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036344518","display_name":"Fred R. Beyette","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8704-7810","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8704-7810"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63135867","display_name":"University of Cincinnati","ror":"https://ror.org/01e3m7079","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63135867"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fred R. Beyette, Jr.","raw_affiliation_strings":["Univ. of Cincinnati (United States)","University of Cincinnati UNITED STATES"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. of Cincinnati (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63135867"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Cincinnati UNITED STATES","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63135867"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63135867"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.10311994,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"5363","issue":null,"first_page":"27","last_page":"27"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10904","display_name":"Embedded Systems Design Techniques","score":0.23999999463558197,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10904","display_name":"Embedded Systems Design Techniques","score":0.23999999463558197,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11522","display_name":"VLSI and FPGA Design Techniques","score":0.23829999566078186,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10767","display_name":"Advanced Photonic Communication Systems","score":0.053300000727176666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-information-processing","display_name":"optical information processing","score":0.8460000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reconfigurable-architecture","display_name":"reconfigurable architecture","score":0.7689999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronic-integrated-circuits","display_name":"optoelectronic integrated circuits","score":0.7850000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos-vlsi","display_name":"CMOS VLSI","score":0.7139999866485596}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42935608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190411","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","level":2,"score":0.8261472582817078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7097821235656738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118524514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173212","display_name":"Computer architecture","level":1,"score":0.6331378221511841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20788544","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q467054","display_name":"Photonics","level":2,"score":0.5775514245033264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123657996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271","display_name":"Architecture","level":2,"score":0.5679181218147278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142962650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q240838","display_name":"Reconfigurable computing","level":3,"score":0.42984816431999207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.3961286246776581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.12886133790016174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.09439197182655334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1117/12.538718","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.538718","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.538718","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S183492911","display_name":"Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE","issn_l":"0277-786X","issn":["0277-786X","1996-756X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315543","host_organization_name":"SPIE","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315543"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SPIE"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SPIE Proceedings","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.7207000255584717}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2113897348","https://openalex.org/W2013040176","https://openalex.org/W1968951880","https://openalex.org/W2089930443","https://openalex.org/W2606969474","https://openalex.org/W2064975652","https://openalex.org/W1493349243","https://openalex.org/W7097737764","https://openalex.org/W1561971021","https://openalex.org/W2025007319"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Over":[0,89],"the":[1,14,49,92,98,142,162,184,237],"years,":[2,91],"Field":[3],"Programmable":[4],"Gate":[5],"Arrays":[6],"(FPGAs)":[7],"have":[8,203],"made":[9],"a":[10,115,165,179],"profound":[11],"impact":[12],"on":[13],"electronics":[15],"industry":[16],"with":[17,126,150],"rapidly":[18],"improving":[19],"semiconductor-manufacturing":[20],"technology":[21,125,176],"ranging":[22],"from":[23,232],"sub-micron":[24,27],"to":[25,53,161],"deep":[26],"processes":[28],"and":[29,77,86,128,146,155,158,170,220],"equally":[30],"innovative":[31],"CAD":[32],"tools.":[33],"Though":[34],"FPGA":[35,119,124,209],"has":[36,95],"revolutionized":[37],"programmable/reconfigurable":[38,186],"digital":[39,215],"logic":[40,218],"technology,":[41],"one":[42],"limitation":[43],"of":[44,100,111,118,136,164,168,239],"current":[45],"FPGA\u2019s":[46],"is":[47,51],"that":[48,64,120,212],"user":[50],"limited":[52],"strictly":[54],"electronic":[55,152],"designs.":[56],"Thus,":[57],"they":[58],"are":[59,65,225],"not":[60,66],"suitable":[61,226],"for":[62,182,227],"applications":[63,80],"purely":[67],"electronic,":[68],"such":[69],"as":[70],"optical":[71,229],"communications,":[72],"photonic":[73,127,154,193],"information":[74,194],"processing":[75],"systems":[76],"other":[78,129,190],"multi-technology":[79,130,156],"(ex.":[81],"analog":[82],"devices,":[83],"MEMS":[84],"devices":[85],"microwave":[87],"components).":[88],"recent":[90],"growing":[93],"trend":[94],"been":[96],"towards":[97],"incorporation":[99],"non-traditional":[101],"device":[102,139,243],"technologies":[103,113],"into":[104,153],"traditional":[105],"CMOS":[106,206],"VLSI":[107,207],"systems.":[108,173],"The":[109,132],"integration":[110],"these":[112,233],"requires":[114],"new":[116,134,175,241],"kind":[117],"can":[121],"merge":[122],"conventional":[123,151,185],"devices.":[131],"proposed":[133],"class":[135,167],"field":[137,216],"programmable":[138,169,217,222],"will":[140,177],"extend":[141],"flexibility,":[143],"rapid":[144],"prototyping":[145],"reusability":[147],"benefits":[148],"associated":[149],"domain":[157],"give":[159],"rise":[160],"development":[163],"wider":[166],"embedded":[171],"integrated":[172],"This":[174],"create":[178],"tremendous":[180],"opportunity":[181],"applying":[183],"hardware":[187],"concepts":[188],"in":[189],"disciplines":[191],"like":[192],"processing.":[195],"To":[196],"substantiate":[197],"this":[198,240],"novel":[199],"architectural":[200],"concept,":[201],"we":[202],"fabricated":[204],"proof-of-the-concept":[205],"Multi-technology":[208],"(MT-FPGA)":[210],"chips":[211,234],"include":[213],"both":[214],"blocks":[219],"threshold":[221],"photoreceivers":[223],"which":[224],"sensing":[228],"signals.":[230],"Results":[231],"strongly":[235],"support":[236],"feasibility":[238],"optoelectronic":[242],"concept.":[244]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-09-22T06:50:58.402377","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}