{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1998725017","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/qai.0b013e3181f5376d","title":"Population-Based Monitoring of HIV Drug Resistance in Namibia With Early Warning Indicators","display_name":"Population-Based Monitoring of HIV Drug Resistance in Namibia With Early Warning Indicators","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-09-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1998725017","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/qai.0b013e3181f5376d","mag":"1998725017","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20838224","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2974796"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1097/qai.0b013e3181f5376d","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/qai.0b013e3181f5376d","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1097/qai.0b013e3181f5376d","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S157460402","display_name":"JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes","issn_l":"1525-4135","issn":["1525-4135","1944-7884"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315671","host_organization_name":"Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315671","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2974796","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064516016","display_name":"Steven Y. Hong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2149-5132","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2149-5132"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121934306","display_name":"Tufts University","ror":"https://ror.org/05wvpxv85","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121934306"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1290900354","display_name":"Tufts Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/002hsbm82","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290900354"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Steven Y Hong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Geographic Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA 02111, USA. shong@tuftsmedicalcenter.org","Division of Geographic Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA","Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Geographic Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA 02111, USA. shong@tuftsmedicalcenter.org","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1290900354"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Geographic Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1290900354"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121934306"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049630999","display_name":"Anna Jonas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1461-3214","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1461-3214"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I42350008","display_name":"Ministry of Health and Social Services","ror":"https://ror.org/01tqmg467","country_code":"NA","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I42350008"]}],"countries":["NA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anna Jonas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Response Monitoring & Evaluation Subdivision, Directorate of Special Programmes, Republic of Namibia Ministry of Health and Social Services, Windhoek, Namibia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Response Monitoring & Evaluation Subdivision, Directorate of Special Programmes, Republic of Namibia Ministry of Health and Social Services, Windhoek, Namibia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I42350008"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062032498","display_name":"Efraim Dumeni","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I42350008","display_name":"Ministry of Health and Social Services","ror":"https://ror.org/01tqmg467","country_code":"NA","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I42350008"]}],"countries":["NA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Efraim Dumeni","raw_affiliation_strings":["Response Monitoring & Evaluation Subdivision, Directorate of Special Programmes, Republic of Namibia Ministry of Health and Social Services, Windhoek, Namibia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Response Monitoring & Evaluation Subdivision, Directorate of Special Programmes, Republic of Namibia Ministry of Health and Social Services, Windhoek, Namibia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I42350008"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074755855","display_name":"Alfons Badi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I42350008","display_name":"Ministry of Health and Social Services","ror":"https://ror.org/01tqmg467","country_code":"NA","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I42350008"]}],"countries":["NA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alfons Badi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Response Monitoring & Evaluation Subdivision, Directorate of Special Programmes, Republic of Namibia Ministry of Health and Social Services, Windhoek, Namibia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Response Monitoring & Evaluation Subdivision, Directorate of Special Programmes, Republic of Namibia Ministry of Health and Social Services, Windhoek, Namibia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I42350008"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027986140","display_name":"Dawn Pereko","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099762","display_name":"Management Sciences for Health","ror":"https://ror.org/00wf4pt88","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210099762"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dawn Pereko","raw_affiliation_strings":["Strengthening Pharmaceutical Systems, Management Sciences for Health, Windhoek, Namibia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Strengthening Pharmaceutical Systems, Management Sciences for Health, Windhoek, Namibia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099762"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001169161","display_name":"Abraham Blom","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099762","display_name":"Management Sciences for Health","ror":"https://ror.org/00wf4pt88","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210099762"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abraham Blom","raw_affiliation_strings":["Strengthening Pharmaceutical Systems, Management Sciences for Health, Windhoek, Namibia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Strengthening Pharmaceutical Systems, Management Sciences for Health, Windhoek, Namibia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099762"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111612553","display_name":"Victor S Muthiani","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099762","display_name":"Management Sciences for Health","ror":"https://ror.org/00wf4pt88","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210099762"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Victor S Muthiani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Strengthening Pharmaceutical Systems, Management Sciences for Health, Windhoek, Namibia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Strengthening Pharmaceutical Systems, Management Sciences for Health, Windhoek, Namibia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099762"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041539001","display_name":"Andreas N. Shiningavamwe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4402-4138","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4402-4138"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1289490764","display_name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","ror":"https://ror.org/042twtr12","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1289490764","https://openalex.org/I1299022934"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210105654","display_name":"World Health Organization","ror":"https://ror.org/01f80g185","country_code":"CH","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210105654"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210163016","display_name":"Namibia Institute of Pathology","ror":"https://ror.org/05y2q9q81","country_code":"NA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210163016"]}],"countries":["CH","NA","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andreas N Shiningavamwe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Molecular Diagnosis Unit, Namibia Institute of Pathology, Windhoek, Namibia","Molecular Diagnosis Unit, Namibia Institute of Pathology, Windhoek, Namibia; \u00b6World Health Organization Namibia, Klein Windhoek, Namibia; and #United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA","#United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA","\u00b6World Health Organization Namibia, Klein Windhoek, Namibia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Molecular Diagnosis Unit, Namibia Institute of Pathology, Windhoek, Namibia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210163016"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Molecular Diagnosis Unit, Namibia Institute of Pathology, Windhoek, Namibia; \u00b6World Health Organization Namibia, Klein Windhoek, Namibia; and #United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1289490764","https://openalex.org/I4210105654","https://openalex.org/I4210163016"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"#United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1289490764"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"\u00b6World Health Organization Namibia, Klein Windhoek, Namibia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210105654"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045570831","display_name":"James Mukamba","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210105654","display_name":"World Health Organization","ror":"https://ror.org/01f80g185","country_code":"CH","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210105654"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I42350008","display_name":"Ministry of Health and Social Services","ror":"https://ror.org/01tqmg467","country_code":"NA","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I42350008"]}],"countries":["CH","NA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"James Mukamba","raw_affiliation_strings":["Response Monitoring & Evaluation Subdivision, Directorate of Special Programmes, Republic of Namibia Ministry of Health and Social Services, Windhoek, Namibia","World Health Organization Namibia, Klein Windhoek, Namibia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Response Monitoring & Evaluation Subdivision, Directorate of Special Programmes, Republic of Namibia Ministry of Health and Social Services, Windhoek, Namibia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I42350008"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"World Health Organization Namibia, Klein Windhoek, Namibia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210105654"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004810816","display_name":"Ghirmay Redae Andemichael","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210105654","display_name":"World Health Organization","ror":"https://ror.org/01f80g185","country_code":"CH","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210105654"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ghirmay Andemichael","raw_affiliation_strings":["World Health Organization Namibia, Klein Windhoek, Namibia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"World Health Organization Namibia, Klein Windhoek, Namibia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210105654"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088760357","display_name":"Rony Barbara","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1290900354","display_name":"Tufts Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/002hsbm82","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290900354"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Rony Barbara","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Geographic Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Geographic Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1290900354"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110222737","display_name":"Diane Bennett","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1289490764","display_name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","ror":"https://ror.org/042twtr12","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1289490764","https://openalex.org/I1299022934"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Diane E Bennett","raw_affiliation_strings":["United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1289490764"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052083685","display_name":"Michael R. Jordan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2177-0405","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2177-0405"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121934306","display_name":"Tufts University","ror":"https://ror.org/05wvpxv85","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121934306"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1290900354","display_name":"Tufts Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/002hsbm82","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290900354"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Michael R Jordan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Geographic Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA","Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Geographic Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1290900354"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121934306"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5052083685","https://openalex.org/A5064516016","https://openalex.org/A5088760357"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121934306","https://openalex.org/I1290900354"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.0988,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":30,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90617387,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"55","issue":"4","first_page":"27","last_page":"31"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10082","display_name":"HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions","score":0.6714000105857849,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10082","display_name":"HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions","score":0.6714000105857849,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10526","display_name":"HIV/AIDS drug development and treatment","score":0.32249999046325684,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11655","display_name":"HIV-related health complications and treatments","score":0.0010000000474974513,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2711","display_name":"Emergency Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hiv-drug-resistance","display_name":"HIV drug resistance","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/early-warning-indicators","display_name":"early warning indicators","score":0.9570000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antiretroviral-therapy","display_name":"antiretroviral therapy","score":0.9449999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/patient-retention","display_name":"patient retention","score":0.5580000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/loss-to-follow-up","display_name":"loss to follow-up","score":0.8169999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/namibia","display_name":"Namibia","score":0.7039999961853027}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.7530919313430786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778451633","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5629934","display_name":"HIV drug resistance","level":5,"score":0.7252331972122192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781413609","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7308373","display_name":"Regimen","level":2,"score":0.6533031463623047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993143319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q583050","display_name":"Antiretroviral therapy","level":4,"score":0.6009348630905151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.5004990100860596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114851261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12147416","display_name":"Drug resistance","level":2,"score":0.4572765827178955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3013748606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15787","display_name":"Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)","level":2,"score":0.4424609839916229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195910791","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1324077","display_name":"Medical record","level":2,"score":0.42005494236946106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.41555023193359375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187212893","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q123028","display_name":"Pediatrics","level":1,"score":0.3482759892940521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142462285","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2528140","display_name":"Viral load","level":3,"score":0.3343474268913269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194828623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2861470","display_name":"Emergency medicine","level":1,"score":0.3222774267196655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.2149137258529663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C512399662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3505712","display_name":"Family medicine","level":1,"score":0.19837549328804016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.15601733326911926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89423630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7193","display_name":"Microbiology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D003906","descriptor_name":"Developing Countries","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004784","descriptor_name":"Environmental Monitoring","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006678","descriptor_name":"HIV","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009276","descriptor_name":"Namibia","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009313","descriptor_name":"National Health Programs","qualifier_ui":"Q000592","qualifier_name":"standards","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010865","descriptor_name":"Pilot Projects","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015658","descriptor_name":"HIV Infections","qualifier_ui":"Q000188","qualifier_name":"drug therapy","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015658","descriptor_name":"HIV Infections","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D024882","descriptor_name":"Drug Resistance, Viral","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D044966","descriptor_name":"Anti-Retroviral Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D062665","descriptor_name":"Epidemiological Monitoring","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1097/qai.0b013e3181f5376d","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/qai.0b013e3181f5376d","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1097/qai.0b013e3181f5376d","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S157460402","display_name":"JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes","issn_l":"1525-4135","issn":["1525-4135","1944-7884"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315671","host_organization_name":"Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315671","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:20838224","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20838224","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:2974796","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2974796","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:2974796","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2974796","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.98580002784729}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2763863223","display_name":"Emergence of HIV drug resistance: Low-frequency mutations and associated factors","funder_award_id":"K23AI074423","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337355","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5017471639","display_name":"NEMCH Clinical Research on AIDS Training Grant","funder_award_id":"5t32ai007438-20","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G667056519","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"T32-AI007438","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337355","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8749066425","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"L30 AI080268","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337355","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332162","display_name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","ror":"https://ror.org/042twtr12"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337355","display_name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","ror":"https://ror.org/043z4tv69"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1964020548","https://openalex.org/W1973854903","https://openalex.org/W1987136336","https://openalex.org/W1998085351","https://openalex.org/W2002395312","https://openalex.org/W2011608109","https://openalex.org/W2019065964","https://openalex.org/W2025152688","https://openalex.org/W2054022938","https://openalex.org/W2077618490","https://openalex.org/W2092237005","https://openalex.org/W2103866977","https://openalex.org/W2104117639","https://openalex.org/W2110884710","https://openalex.org/W2113509178","https://openalex.org/W2116758166","https://openalex.org/W2123613937","https://openalex.org/W2126983724","https://openalex.org/W2137523454","https://openalex.org/W2139894829","https://openalex.org/W2150340704","https://openalex.org/W3196876339"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2066647078","https://openalex.org/W2008501988","https://openalex.org/W2558919453","https://openalex.org/W2097122504","https://openalex.org/W2083801150","https://openalex.org/W3015815060","https://openalex.org/W4232846174","https://openalex.org/W2315749602","https://openalex.org/W1973096874","https://openalex.org/W1975466157"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"INTRODUCTION:":[0],"HIV":[1],"drug":[2,85],"resistance":[3],"(HIVDR)":[4],"testing":[5],"is":[6],"not":[7],"routinely":[8],"available":[9],"in":[10,171,194],"many":[11],"resource-limited":[12],"settings,":[13],"therefore,":[14],"antiretroviral":[15,84,88],"therapy":[16],"(ART)":[17],"program":[18],"and":[19,38,58,87,197],"site":[20],"factors":[21],"known":[22],"to":[23,31,70,127,162],"be":[24,29],"associated":[25],"with":[26],"HIVDR":[27],"should":[28],"monitored":[30],"optimize":[32,177],"the":[33,40,107,122,157,178,183],"quality":[34,179],"of":[35,42,95,97,102,109,117,124,131,139,145,152,159,180,185,191],"patient":[36,75,202],"care":[37],"minimize":[39],"emergence":[41],"preventable":[43],"HIVDR.":[44],"METHODS:":[45],"In":[46],"2009,":[47],"Namibia":[48],"selected":[49,99],"5":[50,98,192],"World":[51],"Health":[52],"Organization":[53],"Early":[54],"Warning":[55],"Indicators":[56],"(EWIs)":[57],"piloted":[59],"abstraction":[60],"at":[61,72,80],"9":[62,103,118,153],"ART":[63,79,132,143,186,201],"sites:":[64],"\"ART":[65],"prescribing":[66],"practices,":[67],"patients":[68],"lost":[69,126],"follow-up":[71],"12":[73,81],"months,":[74,82],"retention":[76],"on":[77,112],"first-line":[78,114],"on-time":[83],"pick-up,":[86],"drug-supply":[89],"continuity\".":[90],"RESULTS:":[91],"Records":[92],"supported":[93],"monitoring":[94,168,190],"3":[96],"EWIs.":[100],"Nine":[101],"(100%)":[104],"sites":[105,120,155],"met":[106,121,156],"target":[108,123,158],"100%":[110],"initiated":[111],"appropriate":[113],"regimens.":[115],"Eight":[116],"(89%)":[119],"\u226420%":[125],"follow-up,":[128],"although":[129],"20.8%":[130],"starters":[133],"(range:":[134,148],"4.6%-44.6%)":[135],"had":[136],"a":[137,163],"period":[138],"absence":[140],"without":[141],"documented":[142],"coverage":[144],"2.3":[146],"months":[147],"1.5-3.9":[149],"months).":[150],"Six":[151],"(67%)":[154],"0%":[160],"switched":[161],"second-line":[164],"regimen.":[165],"CONCLUSIONS:":[166],"EWI":[167],"directly":[169],"resulted":[170],"public":[172],"health":[173],"action":[174],"which":[175],"will":[176],"care,":[181],"specifically":[182],"strengthening":[184],"record":[187],"systems":[188],"permitting":[189],"EWIs":[193],"future":[195],"years":[196],"protocols":[198],"for":[199],"improved":[200],"defaulter":[203],"tracing.":[204]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
