{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1998712172","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa6403_2","title":"Assessment of Psychological Distress in Persian Gulf Troops: Ethnicity and Gender Comparisons","display_name":"Assessment of Psychological Distress in Persian Gulf Troops: Ethnicity and Gender Comparisons","publication_year":1995,"publication_date":"1995-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1998712172","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa6403_2","mag":"1998712172","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7760253"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1207/s15327752jpa6403_2","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa6403_2","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa6403_2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S40137911","display_name":"Journal of Personality Assessment","issn_l":"0022-3891","issn":["0022-3891","1532-7752"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","erih-plus","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Personality Assessment","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003112095","display_name":"Patricia B. Sutker","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799886695","display_name":"Veterans Health Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/05eq41471","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1322918889","https://openalex.org/I2799886695"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Patricia B. Sutker","raw_affiliation_strings":["Veterans Affairs Medical Center, New Orleans, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Veterans Affairs Medical Center, New Orleans, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799886695"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"John Mark Davis","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John Mark Davis","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046349007","display_name":"Madeline M. Uddo","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Madeline Uddo","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023441471","display_name":"Shelly R. Ditta","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shelly R. Ditta","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.9907,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":64,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85537364,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"64","issue":"3","first_page":"415","last_page":"427"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10242","display_name":"Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10242","display_name":"Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10762","display_name":"Migration, Health and Trauma","score":0.002400000113993883,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10168","display_name":"COVID-19 and Mental Health","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychological-distress","display_name":"psychological distress","score":0.9670000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gulf-war","display_name":"Gulf War","score":0.9290000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operation-desert-storm","display_name":"Operation Desert Storm","score":0.9599999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/military-personnel","display_name":"military personnel","score":0.7960000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ethnic-minority-status","display_name":"ethnic minority status","score":0.699999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gender-differences","display_name":"gender differences","score":0.9539999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/posttraumatic-stress-disorder","display_name":"post-traumatic stress disorder","score":0.9679999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/somatic-symptoms","display_name":"somatic symptoms","score":0.847000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/negative-mood-states","display_name":"negative mood states","score":0.8920000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trauma-characteristics","display_name":"trauma characteristics","score":0.5130000114440918}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137403100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41710","display_name":"Ethnic group","level":2,"score":0.7740046977996826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776527531","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9168","display_name":"Persian","level":2,"score":0.678249716758728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.6735947728157043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020031316","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6817452","display_name":"Psychological distress","level":3,"score":0.5679160356521606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994199513","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37643","display_name":"Gulf war","level":2,"score":0.49600180983543396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139265228","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5283089","display_name":"Distress","level":2,"score":0.4693247675895691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780733359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q331769","display_name":"Mood","level":2,"score":0.46099427342414856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70410870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199906","display_name":"Clinical psychology","level":1,"score":0.44238123297691345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779072820","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47064","display_name":"Military personnel","level":2,"score":0.4357512295246124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779669469","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4895508","display_name":"Battlefield","level":2,"score":0.43236225843429565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779103253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q878070","display_name":"Duty","level":2,"score":0.4110887050628662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.3163492679595947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C558461103","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q154430","display_name":"Anxiety","level":2,"score":0.30341243743896484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195244886","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41493","display_name":"Ancient history","level":1,"score":0.09418046474456787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.07394599914550781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.07314327359199524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.07303830981254578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003130","descriptor_name":"Combat Disorders","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003130","descriptor_name":"Combat Disorders","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005006","descriptor_name":"Ethnicity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008877","descriptor_name":"Middle East","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008889","descriptor_name":"Military Personnel","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011569","descriptor_name":"Psychiatric Status Rating Scales","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011581","descriptor_name":"Psychological Tests","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012720","descriptor_name":"Severity of Illness Index","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012737","descriptor_name":"Sex Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013313","descriptor_name":"Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013313","descriptor_name":"Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic","qualifier_ui":"Q000209","qualifier_name":"etiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014857","descriptor_name":"Warfare","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1207/s15327752jpa6403_2","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa6403_2","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa6403_2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S40137911","display_name":"Journal of Personality Assessment","issn_l":"0022-3891","issn":["0022-3891","1532-7752"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","erih-plus","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Personality Assessment","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:7760253","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7760253","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of personality assessment","raw_type":"Comparative Study"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9476000070571899,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W125262633","https://openalex.org/W171228341","https://openalex.org/W197020468","https://openalex.org/W1965522856","https://openalex.org/W1967067872","https://openalex.org/W1971259404","https://openalex.org/W1976173847","https://openalex.org/W1978502548","https://openalex.org/W1999544475","https://openalex.org/W2009221825","https://openalex.org/W2012067862","https://openalex.org/W2013155880","https://openalex.org/W2031544646","https://openalex.org/W2037666902","https://openalex.org/W2050006242","https://openalex.org/W2057240029","https://openalex.org/W2060806934","https://openalex.org/W2062974058","https://openalex.org/W2067495470","https://openalex.org/W2072833030","https://openalex.org/W2082329209","https://openalex.org/W2088172302","https://openalex.org/W2089629342","https://openalex.org/W2094244658","https://openalex.org/W2102469777","https://openalex.org/W2110868301","https://openalex.org/W2126260347","https://openalex.org/W2135285637","https://openalex.org/W2286470130","https://openalex.org/W2301890167","https://openalex.org/W2337771553","https://openalex.org/W2338826713","https://openalex.org/W2415828157","https://openalex.org/W2426046682","https://openalex.org/W3145925695","https://openalex.org/W4238379633","https://openalex.org/W4240306016","https://openalex.org/W4248161867","https://openalex.org/W6749746090"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2415192746","https://openalex.org/W2070924172","https://openalex.org/W1976173847","https://openalex.org/W2009221825","https://openalex.org/W2248604067","https://openalex.org/W1967067872","https://openalex.org/W141941547","https://openalex.org/W2320716749","https://openalex.org/W1978502548","https://openalex.org/W2295739044"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"study":[1],"reports":[2],"results":[3],"of":[4,21,33,81,99],"psychological":[5,35,82,115],"assessment":[6],"among":[7],"military":[8,30],"participants":[9],"in":[10,47,56,96],"Operation":[11],"Desert":[12],"Storm,":[13],"a":[14,97],"more":[15,112],"diverse":[16],"ethnic":[17,70,104],"and":[18,43,51,61,73,101],"gender":[19,75],"mix":[20],"American":[22],"troops":[23,64,100],"than":[24],"has":[25],"been":[26],"mobilized":[27],"for":[28],"previous":[29],"operations.":[31],"Symptoms":[32],"current":[34],"distress,":[36],"including":[37],"negative":[38,91],"mood":[39],"states,":[40],"somatic":[41],"complaints,":[42],"posttraumatic":[44],"stress":[45,95],"disorder,":[46],"addition":[48],"to":[49,65,89,93,114],"personal":[50],"trauma":[52],"characteristics,":[53],"were":[54],"measured":[55],"653":[57],"Persian":[58],"Gulf":[59],"war-zone-exposed":[60],"259":[62],"stateside-duty":[63],"test":[66],"the":[67],"hypothesis":[68],"that":[69,103],"minority":[71],"status":[72],"female":[74],"are":[76],"associated":[77],"with":[78],"greater":[79],"levels":[80],"distress":[83],"following":[84],"war-zone":[85,94],"duty.":[86],"Findings":[87],"point":[88],"potentially":[90],"sequelae":[92],"portion":[98],"suggest":[102],"minorities,":[105],"but":[106],"not":[107],"necessarily":[108],"women,":[109],"may":[110],"be":[111],"vulnerable":[113],"risk.":[116]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}