{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1998699816","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1590/0101-31572004-1638","title":"On Open Systems","display_name":"On Open Systems","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1998699816","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1590/0101-31572004-1638","mag":"1998699816"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1590/0101-31572004-1638","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1590/0101-31572004-1638","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1590/0101-31572004-1638","pdf_url":"http://www.scielo.br/pdf/rep/v24n1/1809-4538-rep-24-01-3.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210177023","display_name":"Brazilian Journal of Political Economy","issn_l":"0101-3157","issn":["0101-3157","1809-4538"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","poland-70","russia-white-list-3","scielo"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310312260","host_organization_name":"Editora 34","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310312260"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Editora 34"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Brazilian Journal of Political Economy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"http://www.scielo.br/pdf/rep/v24n1/1809-4538-rep-24-01-3.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037573277","display_name":"Victoria Chick","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"VICTORIA CHICK","raw_affiliation_strings":["University College London,  UK","University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University College London,  UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5037573277"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.3851,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":54,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9068945,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"1","first_page":"3","last_page":"17"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10785","display_name":"Economic Theory and Institutions","score":0.9359999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10785","display_name":"Economic Theory and Institutions","score":0.9359999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11742","display_name":"Economic Theory and Policy","score":0.05429999902844429,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11743","display_name":"Political Economy and Marxism","score":0.0026000000070780516,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/open-systems","display_name":"open systems","score":0.9509999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/closed-systems","display_name":"closed systems","score":0.8209999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-theory","display_name":"economic theory","score":0.49000000953674316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/keynes-s-general-theory","display_name":"Keynes's General Theory","score":0.8050000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-economic-factors","display_name":"non-economic factors","score":0.7960000038146973}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84976871","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2015673","display_name":"Openness to experience","level":2,"score":0.9546692371368408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163677043","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2382874","display_name":"Open system (computing)","level":3,"score":0.6248018145561218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118084267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26110","display_name":"Positive economics","level":1,"score":0.5515109896659851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166955791","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q629579","display_name":"Macro","level":2,"score":0.543129026889801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.501457929611206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133425853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60571","display_name":"Neoclassical economics","level":1,"score":0.43859875202178955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.40996041893959045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.2497539520263672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.19746196269989014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.1809406280517578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1590/0101-31572004-1638","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1590/0101-31572004-1638","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1590/0101-31572004-1638","pdf_url":"http://www.scielo.br/pdf/rep/v24n1/1809-4538-rep-24-01-3.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210177023","display_name":"Brazilian Journal of Political Economy","issn_l":"0101-3157","issn":["0101-3157","1809-4538"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","poland-70","russia-white-list-3","scielo"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310312260","host_organization_name":"Editora 34","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310312260"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Editora 34"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Brazilian Journal of Political Economy","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ojs2.centrodeeconomiapolitica.org:article/654","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://centrodeeconomiapolitica.org.br/repojs/index.php/journal/article/view/654","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402641","display_name":"LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Cient\u00edficas)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4383465926","host_organization_name":"LA Referencia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4383465926"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"instacron:EDITORA_34","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:scielo:S0101-31572004000100003","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://old.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0101-31572004000100003","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402641","display_name":"LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Cient\u00edficas)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4383465926","host_organization_name":"LA Referencia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4383465926"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Brazilian Journal of Political Economy v.24 n.1 2004","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:2f47fc7d8950414e8104d30fca6eb59e","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/2f47fc7d8950414e8104d30fca6eb59e","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Brazilian Journal of Political Economy, Vol 24, Iss 1, Pp 3-17 (2020)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1590/0101-31572004-1638","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1590/0101-31572004-1638","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1590/0101-31572004-1638","pdf_url":"http://www.scielo.br/pdf/rep/v24n1/1809-4538-rep-24-01-3.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210177023","display_name":"Brazilian Journal of Political Economy","issn_l":"0101-3157","issn":["0101-3157","1809-4538"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","poland-70","russia-white-list-3","scielo"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310312260","host_organization_name":"Editora 34","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310312260"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Editora 34"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Brazilian Journal of Political Economy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1998699816.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1998699816.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W29701255","https://openalex.org/W54333502","https://openalex.org/W599137402","https://openalex.org/W618846089","https://openalex.org/W646405305","https://openalex.org/W659022906","https://openalex.org/W1588142672","https://openalex.org/W1733763895","https://openalex.org/W1779617868","https://openalex.org/W1939114018","https://openalex.org/W1971300371","https://openalex.org/W1985743998","https://openalex.org/W1991123487","https://openalex.org/W1997055558","https://openalex.org/W2010689489","https://openalex.org/W2013860961","https://openalex.org/W2020481354","https://openalex.org/W2031223305","https://openalex.org/W2068232987","https://openalex.org/W2086501636","https://openalex.org/W2093482298","https://openalex.org/W2131321260","https://openalex.org/W2140690700","https://openalex.org/W2147096043","https://openalex.org/W2156689261","https://openalex.org/W2181211804","https://openalex.org/W2279607436","https://openalex.org/W2285934771","https://openalex.org/W2313524629","https://openalex.org/W2315529365","https://openalex.org/W2318950324","https://openalex.org/W2323266160","https://openalex.org/W2484923354","https://openalex.org/W2797062887","https://openalex.org/W3123080528","https://openalex.org/W3140914056","https://openalex.org/W3152092769","https://openalex.org/W3186366774","https://openalex.org/W4230037717","https://openalex.org/W4231720114","https://openalex.org/W4235272098","https://openalex.org/W4241429862","https://openalex.org/W4253297738","https://openalex.org/W4255379419","https://openalex.org/W4298299057","https://openalex.org/W6635170148","https://openalex.org/W6835142274"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7098166790","https://openalex.org/W4367180397","https://openalex.org/W4210999133","https://openalex.org/W4387882567","https://openalex.org/W7100163487","https://openalex.org/W4243809437","https://openalex.org/W2288800622","https://openalex.org/W1557921450","https://openalex.org/W2626405141","https://openalex.org/W7199293965"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"ABSTRACT":[0],"To":[1],"many,":[2],"economics":[3],"is":[4,22,50],"seen":[5],"as":[6,108],"increasingly":[7],"divorced":[8],"from":[9],"reality.":[10],"I":[11],"shall":[12],"argue":[13],"that":[14,52],"one":[15,69],"of":[16,19,33,42,78,86,92,99,112],"the":[17,23,31,84,90,97],"causes":[18],"this":[20],"divorce":[21],"attachment":[24],"to":[25,81],"closed-system":[26],"theorising,":[27],"and":[28,38,44,94,96],"advocate":[29],"instead":[30],"method":[32],"open":[34,45,61,114],"systems":[35,46],"with":[36],"partial":[37],"temporary":[39],"closures.":[40],"Definitions":[41],"closed":[43],"are":[47,54,74,102],"examined.":[48],"It":[49],"evident":[51],"there":[53],"many":[55],"different":[56,76],"criteria":[57],"which":[58],"may":[59],"define":[60],"systems.":[62],"Theorists":[63],"differ":[64],"in":[65],"their":[66],"emphasis":[67],"on":[68],"or":[70],"other":[71],"criterion.":[72],"There":[73],"also":[75],"dimensions":[77],"openness:":[79],"openness":[80,85],"non-economic":[82],"factors;":[83],"economic":[87],"theories":[88],"themselves;":[89],"interplay":[91],"micro-":[93],"macro-economics;":[95],"treatment":[98],"time.":[100],"These":[101],"explored,":[103],"using":[104],"Keynes\u2019s":[105],"General":[106],"Theory":[107],"a":[109],"case":[110],"study":[111],"an":[113],"system.":[115]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
