{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1998649046","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/mrr.0b013e32834df64f","title":"The effect of total cumulative dose, number of treatment cycles, interval between injections, and length of treatment on the frequency of occurrence of antibodies to botulinum toxin type A in the treatment of muscle spasticity","display_name":"The effect of total cumulative dose, number of treatment cycles, interval between injections, and length of treatment on the frequency of occurrence of antibodies to botulinum toxin type A in the treatment of muscle spasticity","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-11-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1998649046","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/mrr.0b013e32834df64f","mag":"1998649046","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22108625"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1097/mrr.0b013e32834df64f","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/mrr.0b013e32834df64f","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1097/mrr.0b013e32834df64f","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S64299112","display_name":"International Journal of Rehabilitation Research","issn_l":"0342-5282","issn":["0342-5282","1473-5660"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315671","host_organization_name":"Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315671","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Rehabilitation Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001898130","display_name":"A. M. O. Bakheit","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6677-9585","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6677-9585"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800464100","display_name":"Birmingham Community Healthcare NHS Trust","ror":"https://ror.org/04r10g051","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800464100"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Abdel Magid O. Bakheit","raw_affiliation_strings":["West Midland Rehabilitation Centre, Birmingham Community Healthcare NHS Trust, Birmingham, UK. Magid.bakheit@bhamcommunity.nhs.uk","West Midland Rehabilitation Centre, Birmingham Community Healthcare NHS Trust, Birmingham","e-mail: [email\u00a0protected]","fax: +44 121 442 3694","to Professor Abdel Magid O. Bakheit, MD, PhD, FRCP, West Midland Rehabilitation Centre, Birmingham Community Healthcare NHS Trust, 91 Oak Tree Lane, Birmingham B29 6JA, UK Tel: +44 121 442 3302"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"West Midland Rehabilitation Centre, Birmingham Community Healthcare NHS Trust, Birmingham, UK. Magid.bakheit@bhamcommunity.nhs.uk","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800464100"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"West Midland Rehabilitation Centre, Birmingham Community Healthcare NHS Trust, Birmingham","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800464100"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"e-mail: [email\u00a0protected]","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"fax: +44 121 442 3694","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"to Professor Abdel Magid O. Bakheit, MD, PhD, FRCP, West Midland Rehabilitation Centre, Birmingham Community Healthcare NHS Trust, 91 Oak Tree Lane, Birmingham B29 6JA, UK Tel: +44 121 442 3302","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800464100"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068474502","display_name":"Anthea Liptrot","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800464100","display_name":"Birmingham Community Healthcare NHS Trust","ror":"https://ror.org/04r10g051","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800464100"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anthea Liptrot","raw_affiliation_strings":["West Midland Rehabilitation Centre, Birmingham Community Healthcare NHS Trust, Birmingham"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"West Midland Rehabilitation Centre, Birmingham Community Healthcare NHS Trust, Birmingham","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800464100"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058117306","display_name":"Rachel Newton","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800464100","display_name":"Birmingham Community Healthcare NHS Trust","ror":"https://ror.org/04r10g051","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800464100"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rachel Newton","raw_affiliation_strings":["West Midland Rehabilitation Centre, Birmingham Community Healthcare NHS Trust, Birmingham"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"West Midland Rehabilitation Centre, Birmingham Community Healthcare NHS Trust, Birmingham","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800464100"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111775825","display_name":"Andrew M. Pickett","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrew M. Pickett","raw_affiliation_strings":["Toxin Science Limited, Wrexham, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Toxin Science Limited, Wrexham, UK","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5001898130"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800464100"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.1644,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":24,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76910992,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"35","issue":"1","first_page":"36","last_page":"39"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11274","display_name":"Botulinum Toxin and Related Neurological Disorders","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Clinical Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11274","display_name":"Botulinum Toxin and Related Neurological Disorders","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Clinical Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12499","display_name":"Diphtheria, Corynebacterium, and Tetanus","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11016","display_name":"Monoclonal and Polyclonal Antibodies Research","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/botulinum-toxin-type-a","display_name":"botulinum toxin type A","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neutralizing-antibodies","display_name":"neutralizing antibodies","score":0.9259999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spasticity","display_name":"spasticity","score":0.8899999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cumulative-dose","display_name":"cumulative dose","score":0.9039999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/treatment-cycles","display_name":"treatment cycles","score":0.6970000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/treatment-duration","display_name":"treatment duration","score":0.9580000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antibody-production","display_name":"antibody production","score":0.46299999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/treatment-efficacy-and-safety","display_name":"treatment efficacy and safety","score":0.36899998784065247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cost-effectiveness-of-treatment","display_name":"treatment cost-effectiveness","score":0.3479999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/treatment-adherence","display_name":"medication adherence","score":0.3400000035762787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/patient-satisfaction","display_name":"patient satisfaction","score":0.46000000834465027}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.6940556764602661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159654299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79460","display_name":"Antibody","level":2,"score":0.6072704195976257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29456083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1221899","display_name":"Gynecology","level":1,"score":0.48752233386039734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779261636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7003054","display_name":"Neutralizing antibody","level":3,"score":0.4375920593738556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.16842028498649597}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009128","descriptor_name":"Muscle Spasticity","qualifier_ui":"Q000188","qualifier_name":"drug therapy","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009465","descriptor_name":"Neuromuscular Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009465","descriptor_name":"Neuromuscular Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013997","descriptor_name":"Time Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019274","descriptor_name":"Botulinum Toxins, Type A","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019274","descriptor_name":"Botulinum Toxins, Type A","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D057134","descriptor_name":"Antibodies, Neutralizing","qualifier_ui":"Q000096","qualifier_name":"biosynthesis","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1097/mrr.0b013e32834df64f","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/mrr.0b013e32834df64f","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1097/mrr.0b013e32834df64f","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S64299112","display_name":"International Journal of Rehabilitation Research","issn_l":"0342-5282","issn":["0342-5282","1473-5660"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315671","host_organization_name":"Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315671","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Rehabilitation Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:22108625","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22108625","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International journal of rehabilitation research. Internationale Zeitschrift fur Rehabilitationsforschung. Revue internationale de recherches de readaptation","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9907000064849854}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328455","display_name":"Ipsen","ror":"https://ror.org/00d801g55"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2329357490","https://openalex.org/W2900976928","https://openalex.org/W4251698277","https://openalex.org/W1984290620","https://openalex.org/W2066526805","https://openalex.org/W2591996978","https://openalex.org/W2584917784","https://openalex.org/W2003935520","https://openalex.org/W2981949053","https://openalex.org/W2316538073"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0,8,61,136,252,388],"large":[1,79],"cumulative":[2],"dose":[3,381],"of":[4,22,38,46,71,81,103],"botulinum":[5],"toxin":[6],"type":[7,387],"(BoNT-A),":[9,137,253,389],"frequent":[10],"injections,":[11],"a":[12,19,35,373,442],"short":[13],"interval":[14],"between":[15,115],"treatment":[16,23,88],"cycles,":[17],"and":[18,119],"long":[20],"duration":[21],"have":[24],"all":[25],"been":[26],"suggested,":[27],"but":[28],"not":[29,99,111],"confirmed,":[30],"to":[31,41,50,56],"be":[32],"associated":[33],"with":[34],"high":[36],"incidence":[37,411],"neutralizing":[39,58],"antibodies":[40,73,97],"the":[42,69,104,116],"neurotoxin.":[43],"The":[44,107],"aim":[45],"this":[47],"study":[48,105,108],"was":[49,66],"investigate":[51],"whether":[52],"these":[53],"variables":[54,118,289,363,426,498],"predispose":[55],"BoNT-A":[57,72,96,120,195,314,324,344,432,451,461,478],"antibody":[59,121],"formation.":[60,122],"mouse":[62],"protection":[63,438],"(neutralization)":[64],"bioassay":[65],"used":[67],"for":[68,91],"detection":[70],"in":[74,101,160],"17":[75,184,316,453],"patients":[76,484],"who":[77],"received":[78],"doses":[80,459],"BoNT-A,":[82],"over":[83],"at":[84],"least":[85],"10":[86,198,329,465],"consecutive":[87],"cycles":[89,398,466],"or":[90,94],"5":[92,203,338,474],"years":[93],"more.":[95],"were":[98],"detected":[100],"any":[102],"patients.":[106],"findings":[109],"did":[110],"confirm":[112],"an":[113],"association":[114],"above-mentioned":[117],"Es":[123],"gibt":[124],"nicht":[125],"best\u00e4tigte":[126],"Anzeichen":[127],"daf\u00fcr,":[128],"dass":[129],"eine":[130,148,222],"gro\u00dfe":[131,193],"kumulative":[132],"Dosis":[133],"Botulinumtoxin":[134],"Typ":[135],"h\u00e4ufige":[138],"Injektionen,":[139],"ein":[140],"kurzes":[141],"Intervall":[142],"zwischen":[143,224],"den":[144,225],"einzelnen":[145],"Behandlungszyklen":[146,200],"und":[147,229],"lange":[149],"Behandlungsdauer":[150],"mit":[151],"einer":[152,174],"hohen":[153],"Inzidenz":[154],"neutralisierender":[155],"Antik\u00f6rper":[156],"gegen":[157],"das":[158],"Neurotoxin":[159],"Verbindung":[161,223],"stehen.":[162],"Anhand":[163],"der":[164,210,230],"vorliegenden":[165],"Studie":[166],"sollte":[167],"untersucht":[168],"werden,":[169],"ob":[170],"diese":[171],"Variablen":[172,228],"zu":[173],"BoNT-A-neutralisierenden":[175],"Antik\u00f6rperbildung":[176],"pr\u00e4disponieren.":[177],"Ein":[178],"Maus-Schutz-":[179],"bzw.":[180],"-Neutralisations-Bioassay":[181],"wurde":[182],"bei":[183],"Patienten":[185],"zur":[186],"Detektion":[187],"von":[188],"BoNT-A-Antik\u00f6rpern":[189],"durchgef\u00fchrt.":[190],"Diese":[191],"erhielten":[192],"Dosen":[194],"\u00fcber":[196,202],"mindestens":[197],"konsekutive":[199],"oder":[201,205],"Jahre":[204],"l\u00e4nger":[206],"hinweg.":[207],"Bei":[208],"keinen":[209,219],"Probanden":[211],"konnten":[212],"BoNT-A-Antik\u00f6rper":[213],"nachgewiesen":[214],"werden.":[215],"Die":[216],"Studienergebnisse":[217],"lie\u03b2en":[218],"R\u00fcckschluss":[220],"auf":[221],"o.":[226],"g.":[227],"BoNT-A-Antik\u00f6rperbildung":[231],"zu.":[232],"Existen":[233],"afirmaciones,":[234],"todav\u00eda":[235],"sin":[236],"confirmar,":[237],"que":[238,318],"asocian":[239],"la":[240,292,310,356,367,416,429,446,501],"administraci\u00f3n":[241],"de":[242,247,250,262,267,274,277,282,294,297,303,312,323,328,331,337,347,358,369,383,386,399,405,437,450,460,467,490],"una":[243,271,359],"dosis":[244,321],"acumulativa":[245],"alta":[246,272],"toxina":[248],"botul\u00ednica":[249],"tipo":[251],"inyecciones":[254],"frecuentes,":[255],"un":[256,265,301,326,335,393],"intervalo":[257],"corto":[258],"entre":[259,361,396,496],"los":[260,348],"ciclos":[261,330],"tratamiento":[263,266,332],"y":[264,366],"larga":[268],"duraci\u00f3n,":[269],"con":[270],"incidencia":[273],"anticuerpos":[275,295,313,343,370],"neutralizantes":[276,296],"dicha":[278],"neurotoxina.":[279],"El":[280],"objetivo":[281],"este":[283],"estudio":[284,353],"fue":[285],"averiguar":[286],"si":[287,424],"las":[288,362],"anteriores":[290],"predisponen":[291],"formaci\u00f3n":[293,368],"BoNT-A.":[298,371,504],"Se":[299],"realiz\u00f3":[300],"bioensayo":[302],"protecci\u00f3n":[304],"(neutralizaci\u00f3n)":[305],"en":[306,315,345],"el":[307],"rat\u00f3n":[308],"para":[309],"detecci\u00f3n":[311],"pacientes":[317],"hab\u00edan":[319],"recibido":[320],"altas":[322],"durante":[325],"m\u00ednimo":[327,336],"consecutivos":[333],"o":[334],"a\u00f1os.":[339],"No":[340],"se":[341],"detectaron":[342],"ninguno":[346],"pacientes.":[349],"Los":[350],"resultados":[351],"del":[352],"no":[354],"confirmaron":[355],"existencia":[357],"relaci\u00f3n":[360],"mencionadas":[364],"anteriormente":[365],"Il":[372],"\u00e9t\u00e9":[374,443,480],"sugg\u00e9r\u00e9,":[375],"sans":[376],"confirmation":[377],"toutefois,":[378],"qu'une":[379],"forte":[380],"cumul\u00e9e":[382],"toxine":[384],"botulique":[385],"des":[390,440,448],"injections":[391],"fr\u00e9quentes,":[392],"court":[394],"intervalle":[395],"les":[397,483,497],"traitement":[400,406,468],"et":[401,500],"une":[402,410],"longue":[403],"dur\u00e9e":[404],"\u00e9taient":[407],"associ\u00e9s":[408],"\u00e0":[409,415,428,486],"\u00e9lev\u00e9e":[412],"d'anticorps":[413,431,503],"neutralisants":[414],"neurotoxine.":[417],"Cette":[418],"\u00e9tude":[419],"avait":[420],"pour":[421,445],"objet":[422],"d'\u00e9tudier":[423],"ces":[425],"pr\u00e9disposaient":[427],"formation":[430,502],"neutralisants.":[433],"Un":[434],"titrage":[435],"biologique":[436],"(neutralisation)":[439],"souris":[441],"utilis\u00e9":[444],"d\u00e9tection":[447],"anticorps":[449,477],"chez":[452,482],"malades":[454],"qui":[455],"ont":[456],"re\u00e7u":[457],"d'importantes":[458],"sur":[462],"au":[463,472],"moins":[464,473],"cons\u00e9cutifs":[469],"ou":[470],"pendant":[471],"ans.":[475],"Aucun":[476],"n'a":[479],"d\u00e9tect\u00e9":[481],"participant":[485],"l'\u00e9tude.":[487],"Les":[488],"r\u00e9sultats":[489],"l'\u00e9tude":[491],"n'ont":[492],"pas":[493],"confirm\u00e9":[494],"d'association":[495],"susmentionn\u00e9es":[499]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}