{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1998608664","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1642744","title":"Multicusp ion source with external rf antenna for production of protons","display_name":"Multicusp ion source with external rf antenna for production of protons","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-01-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1998608664","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1642744","mag":"1998608664"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1063/1.1642744","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1642744","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1642744","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S31010182","display_name":"Review of Scientific Instruments","issn_l":"0034-6748","issn":["0034-6748","1089-7623","1527-2400"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320257","host_organization_name":"American Institute of Physics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320257"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Review of Scientific Instruments","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111707679","display_name":"Sami K. Hahto","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148283060","display_name":"Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/02jbv0t02","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I148283060","https://openalex.org/I39565521"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. K. Hahto","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California\u200994720"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California\u200994720","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148283060"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112242619","display_name":"S.T. Hahto","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148283060","display_name":"Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/02jbv0t02","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I148283060","https://openalex.org/I39565521"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. T. Hahto","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California\u200994720"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California\u200994720","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148283060"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040521995","display_name":"Qing Ji","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6576-9142","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6576-9142"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148283060","display_name":"Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/02jbv0t02","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I148283060","https://openalex.org/I39565521"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Q. Ji","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California\u200994720"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California\u200994720","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148283060"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060367215","display_name":"K. N. Leung","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-3585-6585","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0008-3585-6585"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148283060","display_name":"Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/02jbv0t02","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I148283060","https://openalex.org/I39565521"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K. N. Leung","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California\u200994720"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California\u200994720","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148283060"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081604292","display_name":"S. Wilde","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-7379-5555","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0006-7379-5555"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148283060","display_name":"Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/02jbv0t02","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I148283060","https://openalex.org/I39565521"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. Wilde","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California\u200994720"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California\u200994720","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148283060"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083971920","display_name":"Elizabeth L. Foley","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-1752-8397","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0003-1752-8397"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20089843","display_name":"Princeton University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hx57361","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799567181","display_name":"Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/03vn1ts68","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I20089843","https://openalex.org/I2799567181","https://openalex.org/I39565521"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"E. L. Foley","raw_affiliation_strings":["Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey\u200908543"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey\u200908543","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20089843","https://openalex.org/I2799567181"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038535625","display_name":"L. Grisham","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20089843","display_name":"Princeton University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hx57361","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799567181","display_name":"Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/03vn1ts68","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I20089843","https://openalex.org/I2799567181","https://openalex.org/I39565521"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"L. R. Grisham","raw_affiliation_strings":["Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey\u200908543"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey\u200908543","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20089843","https://openalex.org/I2799567181"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089913632","display_name":"F. M. Levinton","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2284-7881","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2284-7881"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210140095","display_name":"Nova Photonics (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/04w8r2k84","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210140095"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"F. M. Levinton","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nova Photonics, Inc., Princeton, New Jersey\u200908540"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nova Photonics, Inc., Princeton, New Jersey\u200908540","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210140095"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8876,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.74200346,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"75","issue":"2","first_page":"355","last_page":"359"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11367","display_name":"Particle accelerators and beam dynamics","score":0.9922000169754028,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3106","display_name":"Nuclear and High Energy Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11367","display_name":"Particle accelerators and beam dynamics","score":0.9922000169754028,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3106","display_name":"Nuclear and High Energy Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10346","display_name":"Magnetic confinement fusion research","score":0.0026000000070780516,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3106","display_name":"Nuclear and High Energy Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10781","display_name":"Low-Pressure Plasma Processing and Diagnostics","score":0.002400000113993883,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multicusp-ion-source","display_name":"multicusp ion source","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neutral-beam-injection","display_name":"neutral beam injection","score":0.9049999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/proton-fraction","display_name":"proton fraction","score":0.7919999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/continuous-wave-laser-operation","display_name":"continuous-wave operation","score":0.6470000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plasma-parameters","display_name":"plasma parameters","score":0.8700000047683716}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54516573","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2294","display_name":"Proton","level":2,"score":0.6917412281036377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.6035637855529785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176118016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q903002","display_name":"Langmuir probe","level":4,"score":0.5990215539932251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184779094","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26383","display_name":"Atomic physics","level":1,"score":0.5873785614967346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168834538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3705329","display_name":"Beam (structure)","level":2,"score":0.5859755277633667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145148216","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36496","display_name":"Ion","level":2,"score":0.5526430010795593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82706917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10251","display_name":"Plasma","level":2,"score":0.5407282710075378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188224857","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905291","display_name":"Ion source","level":3,"score":0.5138990879058838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.5073234438896179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50774322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q644248","display_name":"Ion beam","level":3,"score":0.4899863302707672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43503373","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7201771","display_name":"Plasma diagnostics","level":3,"score":0.4270947575569153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207740977","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q234072","display_name":"Current density","level":2,"score":0.42478665709495544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778220808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q62536","display_name":"Ion current","level":3,"score":0.4177761673927307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46141821","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q209402","display_name":"Nuclear magnetic resonance","level":1,"score":0.324598491191864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.3103593587875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.2734919786453247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185544564","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81197","display_name":"Nuclear physics","level":1,"score":0.22274640202522278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.07696712017059326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1063/1.1642744","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1642744","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1642744","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S31010182","display_name":"Review of Scientific Instruments","issn_l":"0034-6748","issn":["0034-6748","1089-7623","1527-2400"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320257","host_organization_name":"American Institute of Physics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320257"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Review of Scientific Instruments","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":7,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2029850442","https://openalex.org/W2033482526","https://openalex.org/W2039410329","https://openalex.org/W2049937328","https://openalex.org/W2070376615","https://openalex.org/W2077519963","https://openalex.org/W2567894180"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2004323581","https://openalex.org/W1996127569","https://openalex.org/W2765116528","https://openalex.org/W2037324754","https://openalex.org/W2000409485","https://openalex.org/W2029850442","https://openalex.org/W1989740132","https://openalex.org/W1991678412","https://openalex.org/W2027917567","https://openalex.org/W2022519416"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Proton":[0],"beams":[1],"are":[2,38],"needed":[3],"in":[4,25],"neutral-beam":[5],"injection":[6],"for":[7,41],"diagnostic":[8],"development":[9],"of":[10,27,65,71,79],"an":[11,51],"internal":[12],"magnetic":[13],"field":[14],"measurement.":[15],"High":[16],"proton":[17,63,68],"fraction,":[18],"low":[19],"axial":[20],"energy":[21],"spread,":[22],"current":[23,69],"density":[24,70],"excess":[26],"30":[28],"mA/cm2,":[29],"and":[30,67],"a":[31,87],"parallel":[32],"ion":[33,43,48],"beam":[34],"with":[35,50,86],"cw":[36],"operation":[37],"the":[39,42],"requirements":[40],"source/extraction":[44],"system.":[45],"A":[46,62],"multicusp-type":[47],"source":[49],"external":[52],"rf":[53,80,88],"antenna":[54],"was":[55],"constructed":[56],"at":[57,76],"Lawrence":[58],"Berkeley":[59],"National":[60],"Laboratory.":[61],"fraction":[64],"85%":[66],"32":[72],"mA/cm2":[73],"were":[74,84],"achieved":[75],"1.8":[77],"kW":[78],"power.":[81],"Plasma":[82],"parameters":[83],"measured":[85],"compensated":[89],"Langmuir":[90],"probe.":[91]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-02T10:15:12.560889","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}