{"id":"https://openalex.org/W199852423","doi":null,"title":"Application of z-score transformation to Affymetrix data.","display_name":"Application of z-score transformation to Affymetrix data.","publication_year":2003,"publication_date":"2003-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W199852423","mag":"199852423","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15130792"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:15130792","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15130792","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied bioinformatics","raw_type":"Comparative Study"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004507889","display_name":"Chris Cheadle","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210140884","display_name":"National Cancer Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/040gcmg81","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210140884"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210149717","display_name":"Center for Cancer Research","ror":"https://ror.org/05bjen692","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210140884","https://openalex.org/I4210149717"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chris Cheadle","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cellular Biochemistry Section, Basic Research Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. cheadle@mail.nih.gov"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cellular Biochemistry Section, Basic Research Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. cheadle@mail.nih.gov","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210140884","https://openalex.org/I4210149717"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111545178","display_name":"Yoon S. Cho\u2010Chung","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yoon S Cho-Chung","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052081713","display_name":"Kevin G. Becker","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6794-6656","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6794-6656"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kevin G Becker","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023206431","display_name":"Marquis P. Vawter","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7987-6309","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7987-6309"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marquis P Vawter","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0371,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":104,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.70871945,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"2","issue":"4","first_page":"209","last_page":"17"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10885","display_name":"Gene expression and cancer classification","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10885","display_name":"Gene expression and cancer classification","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10015","display_name":"Genomics and Phylogenetic Studies","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11970","display_name":"Molecular Biology Techniques and Applications","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/z-score-transformation","display_name":"z-score transformation","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/affymetrix-microarrays","display_name":"Affymetrix microarrays","score":0.847000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fibroblast-gene-expression","display_name":"fibroblast gene expression","score":0.7770000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geo-database","display_name":"GEO database","score":0.5410000085830688}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204241405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q461499","display_name":"Transformation (genetics)","level":3,"score":0.6622427105903625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5531286001205444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548314002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6839218","display_name":"Microarray databases","level":5,"score":0.4609634578227997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150670458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4272815","display_name":"Data transformation","level":3,"score":0.43678930401802063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8415881","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6839217","display_name":"Microarray analysis techniques","level":4,"score":0.42805129289627075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70721500","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177005","display_name":"Computational biology","level":1,"score":0.41486552357673645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.4144817292690277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.3026500642299652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.26037272810935974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150194340","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26972","display_name":"Gene expression","level":3,"score":0.20321261882781982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.17735332250595093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135572916","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193351","display_name":"Data warehouse","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002138","descriptor_name":"Calibration","qualifier_ui":"Q000592","qualifier_name":"standards","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005240","descriptor_name":"Feasibility Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005347","descriptor_name":"Fibroblasts","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010190","descriptor_name":"Pancreatic Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012680","descriptor_name":"Sensitivity and Specificity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015186","descriptor_name":"Hominidae","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016000","descriptor_name":"Cluster Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016415","descriptor_name":"Sequence Alignment","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017422","descriptor_name":"Sequence Analysis, DNA","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D020411","descriptor_name":"Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020411","descriptor_name":"Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D020411","descriptor_name":"Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis","qualifier_ui":"Q000592","qualifier_name":"standards","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D020869","descriptor_name":"Gene Expression Profiling","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020869","descriptor_name":"Gene Expression Profiling","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D020869","descriptor_name":"Gene Expression Profiling","qualifier_ui":"Q000592","qualifier_name":"standards","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:15130792","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15130792","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied bioinformatics","raw_type":"Comparative Study"},{"id":"mag:199852423","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15130792","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2110940238","https://openalex.org/W2133111499","https://openalex.org/W4253402843","https://openalex.org/W2131954906","https://openalex.org/W2046740637","https://openalex.org/W7095971290","https://openalex.org/W7095359646","https://openalex.org/W7098561938","https://openalex.org/W7099727338","https://openalex.org/W2100744492"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Z-score":[0,233],"transformation":[1,29,64,117,136,177,219,234],"has":[2],"been":[3],"successfully":[4],"used":[5,112,223],"as":[6,178,200],"a":[7,35,41,141,152,236],"normalisation":[8,180],"procedure":[9],"for":[10,103,239],"microarray":[11,51,70],"data":[12,39,52,97,138,188,207,215,226],"generated":[13,74],"using":[14,75,175],"radioactively":[15],"labelled":[16,77],"probes":[17,78],"with":[18,79,224],"spotted":[19],"cDNA":[20],"arrays.":[21],"One":[22],"of":[23,26,37,44,50,54,61,68,140,143,164,171,192,205,230],"the":[24,27,48,55,93,99,119,161,179,190,248],"advantages":[25],"z-score":[28,63,116,135,176,186,218],"method":[30],"is":[31,89],"that":[32,73,115,185,214,246],"it":[33],"provides":[34,235],"way":[36],"standardising":[38],"across":[40],"wide":[42],"range":[43],"experiments":[45,197,242],"and":[46,88,149,198,243],"allows":[47],"comparison":[49],"independent":[53],"original":[56],"hybridisation":[57],"intensities.":[58],"The":[59,131],"feasibility":[60],"applying":[62],"to":[65,113,159,209],"other":[66],"types":[67],"linear":[69],"data,":[71],"specifically":[72],"fluorescently":[76],"Affymetrix":[80,96,225,249],"chips,":[81],"was":[82,111],"tested":[83],"in":[84,151],"three":[85],"separate":[86,193],"scenarios":[87],"discussed":[90],"here.":[91],"In":[92],"first":[94],"scenario,":[95],"from":[98,195],"NCBI":[100],"(National":[101],"Center":[102],"Biotechnology":[104],"Information)":[105],"GEO":[106],"(Gene":[107],"Expression":[108],"Omnibus)":[109],"database":[110],"demonstrate":[114],"preserved":[118],"essential":[120],"phylogenetic":[121],"grouping":[122,204],"between":[123,241,244],"primate":[124],"species'":[125],"fibroblast":[126],"gene":[127],"expression":[128],"baseline":[129],"measurements.":[130],"second":[132],"scenario":[133],"employed":[134],"on":[137],"consisting":[139],"series":[142],"genes":[144],"spiked-in":[145],"at":[146],"known":[147],"concentrations":[148],"arrayed":[150],"Latin":[153],"square":[154],"format.":[155],"We":[156,212],"were":[157],"able":[158],"reconstruct":[160],"entire":[162],"set":[163],"spike-in":[165],"concentration":[166],"curves":[167],"without":[168,227],"prior":[169],"knowledge":[170],"their":[172],"format":[173],"by":[174,202,217],"process.":[181],"Finally,":[182],"we":[183],"show":[184],"transformed":[187],"maintains":[189],"integrity":[191],"samples":[194],"different":[196],"laboratories,":[199],"demonstrated":[201],"accurate":[203],"clustered":[206],"according":[208],"sample":[210],"identity.":[211],"conclude":[213],"normalised":[216],"can":[220],"be":[221],"easily":[222],"noticeable":[228],"loss":[229],"information":[231],"content.":[232],"useful":[237],"tool":[238],"comparisons":[240],"laboratories":[245],"use":[247],"platform.":[250]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}