{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1998485154","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1353/mni.2014.0013","title":"Benevolence, Charity, and Duty: Urban Relief and Domain Society during the Tenmei Famine","display_name":"Benevolence, Charity, and Duty: Urban Relief and Domain Society during the Tenmei Famine","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1998485154","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1353/mni.2014.0013","mag":"1998485154"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1353/mni.2014.0013","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1353/mni.2014.0013","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1353/mni.2014.0013","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S150866770","display_name":"Monumenta Nipponica","issn_l":"0027-0741","issn":["0027-0741","1880-1390"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","erih-plus","jufo-2","norway-2","poland-20","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310313528","host_organization_name":"Sophia University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310313528"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Sophia University"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Monumenta Nipponica","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065561265","display_name":"Maren Ehlers","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Maren Ehlers","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5065561265"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.614,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95293388,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"69","issue":"1","first_page":"55","last_page":"101"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11198","display_name":"Japanese History and Culture","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3316","display_name":"Cultural Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11198","display_name":"Japanese History and Culture","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3316","display_name":"Cultural Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10605","display_name":"Historical Economic and Social Studies","score":0.000699999975040555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13739","display_name":"Medieval and Early Modern Justice","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/famine-relief","display_name":"famine relief","score":0.7170000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/castle-towns","display_name":"castle towns","score":0.6600000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/charity","display_name":"charity","score":0.46000000834465027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benevolence","display_name":"benevolence","score":0.8360000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/edo-period","display_name":"Edo period","score":0.6589999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/local-social-order","display_name":"local social order","score":0.5339999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neighborhood-associations","display_name":"neighborhood associations","score":0.33000001311302185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/echizen-province","display_name":"Echizen Province","score":0.5419999957084656}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778589402","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q168247","display_name":"Famine","level":2,"score":0.9005483984947205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778358470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7897387","display_name":"Unrest","level":3,"score":0.6154882907867432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.5493717193603516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.5218733549118042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206554765","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83301","display_name":"Thunder","level":2,"score":0.5061599612236023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780456498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q686264","display_name":"Poor relief","level":3,"score":0.4824698269367218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.46848878264427185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4644045829772949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195244886","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41493","display_name":"Ancient history","level":1,"score":0.4481748342514038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6303427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47398","display_name":"Economic history","level":1,"score":0.42588481307029724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.2699216902256012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.2605491280555725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.23985934257507324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.1911230981349945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.1684989631175995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.12455305457115173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.09505650401115417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189326681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10294","display_name":"Poverty","level":2,"score":0.08347213268280029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1353/mni.2014.0013","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1353/mni.2014.0013","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1353/mni.2014.0013","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S150866770","display_name":"Monumenta Nipponica","issn_l":"0027-0741","issn":["0027-0741","1880-1390"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","erih-plus","jufo-2","norway-2","poland-20","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310313528","host_organization_name":"Sophia University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310313528"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Sophia University"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Monumenta Nipponica","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:muse.jhu.edu:/article/551353","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/59/article/551353","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196299","display_name":"Project Muse (Johns Hopkins University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","host_organization_name":"Johns Hopkins University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"display_name":"Zero hunger","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","score":0.5799999833106995}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W590247095","https://openalex.org/W851668004","https://openalex.org/W1491783341","https://openalex.org/W2001495412","https://openalex.org/W2033327007","https://openalex.org/W2041149399","https://openalex.org/W2046078904","https://openalex.org/W2102463224","https://openalex.org/W2106061099","https://openalex.org/W2108170750","https://openalex.org/W2108632282","https://openalex.org/W2110676876","https://openalex.org/W2115921123","https://openalex.org/W2163423993","https://openalex.org/W2211942911","https://openalex.org/W2290030647","https://openalex.org/W2795368935","https://openalex.org/W2796688664","https://openalex.org/W2902422550","https://openalex.org/W2903552777","https://openalex.org/W2970232732","https://openalex.org/W3150813628","https://openalex.org/W3209564217"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2966902117","https://openalex.org/W436606901","https://openalex.org/W2796688664","https://openalex.org/W2317786841","https://openalex.org/W1935376335","https://openalex.org/W4408501235","https://openalex.org/W3015747272","https://openalex.org/W6942231939","https://openalex.org/W2399537762","https://openalex.org/W2978380873"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Benevolence,":[0],"Charity,":[1],"and":[2,5,39,110,140,151,161,170,192,240,247,272,298,351,366,391,408,426,434,450,474,513,522,550,555,618,629,664,680],"DutyUrban":[3],"Relief":[4,215],"Domain":[6],"Society":[7],"during":[8,211],"the":[9,16,22,71,78,95,98,113,116,131,137,168,175,178,193,196,207,212,267,276,316,321,342,360,375,397,441,446,492,497,500,508,578,584,616,620,633,657,661,665,678],"Tenmei":[10,179,213],"Famine":[11,457],"Maren":[12],"Ehlers":[13],"(bio)":[14],"In":[15,105,436,655],"fifth":[17],"lunar":[18],"month":[19],"of":[20,24,32,42,50,81,115,133,147,159,167,174,195,238,245,254,275,292,344,378,393,448,464,471,478,487,510,536,558,567,587,592,611,615,638,670,682,685],"1783,":[21,106],"people":[23,194],"\u014cno":[25,85,117,279,312,549],"\u5927\u91ce":[26],"were":[27,229,243,295,386,519,563],"startled":[28],"by":[29,94,143,287,315,324,372,413,430,461,505],"a":[30,58,108,123,134,250,281,301,331,355,593],"roll":[31],"thunder":[33],"that":[34,308,452],"returned":[35],"over":[36,577],"several":[37],"weeks":[38],"reminded":[40],"them":[41,432],"giant":[43],"drums":[44],"or":[45,604],"cannon":[46],"shots.1":[47],"The":[48,305,364],"source":[49],"this":[51,462],"menacing":[52],"noise":[53,99],"was":[54,86,141,313,459],"Mt.":[55],"Asama":[56],"\u6d45\u9593,":[57],"large":[59],"volcano":[60],"in":[61,70,130,149,219,278,300,311,354,359,423,445,516,526,548,635,643,677,689],"neighboring":[62],"Shinano":[63],"\u4fe1\u6fc3":[64],"province,":[65,84],"which":[66,328,466,571],"subsequently":[67],"erupted":[68],"later":[69],"summer.":[72],"A":[73],"small":[74,356],"domain":[75,190,352,367],"set":[76],"within":[77,623],"mountainous":[79],"hinterland":[80],"Echizen":[82],"\u8d8a\u524d":[83],"too":[87],"far":[88],"away":[89],"to":[90,232,249,284,403,405,601],"be":[91,524],"directly":[92],"affected":[93],"eruption,":[96],"but":[97],"proved":[100],"an":[101],"unlucky":[102],"omen":[103],"nonetheless.":[104],"after":[107],"cold":[109],"rainy":[111],"summer,":[112],"peasants":[114],"plain":[118],"suffered":[119],"what":[120,345,479],"they":[121,417],"called":[122],"\u201ccrop":[124],"failure\u201d":[125],"(fusaku":[126],"\u4e0d\u4f5c).":[127],"This":[128,185],"came":[129],"wake":[132],"meager":[135],"harvest":[136],"previous":[138,258],"year":[139],"followed":[142],"two":[144,585,612],"more":[145],"years":[146],"dearth":[148],"1784/85":[150],"1786/87.2":[152],"\u014cno,":[153,656],"together":[154],"with":[155,443,496],"many":[156,424],"other":[157,639],"parts":[158],"eastern":[160],"central":[162],"Japan,":[163],"had":[164],"entered":[165],"one":[166,529,610],"worst":[169],"longest":[171],"food":[172],"crises":[173],"Tokugawa":[176,220,362,644],"period:":[177],"\u5929\u660e":[180],"Famine.3":[181],"[End":[182,531],"Page":[183,532],"55]":[184],"article":[186,306],"discusses":[187],"how":[188,289],"\u014cno\u2019s":[189],"authorities":[191,399],"castle":[197,357],"town":[198,358,579],"(also":[199],"known":[200],"as":[201,330,381,541,609,647],"\u014cno)":[202],"organized":[203],"hunger":[204,293,517],"relief":[205,263,310,346,458,518,547,637],"for":[206,217,225,334,544],"town\u2019s":[208],"commoner":[209],"population":[210],"Famine.":[214],"institutions":[216],"townspeople":[218,569],"Japan":[221],"differed":[222],"from":[223,528],"those":[224],"villagers":[226],"because":[227,241],"governments":[228,573],"particularly":[230,542],"eager":[231],"prevent":[233],"unrest":[234],"around":[235],"their":[236,370,406,411,428,454,575],"seats":[237],"power,":[239],"towns":[242],"centers":[244],"commerce":[246],"home":[248],"very":[251],"diverse":[252],"mix":[253],"nonagricultural":[255],"livelihoods.":[256],"Most":[257],"research":[259],"on":[260,266,374,468,491,507,589],"urban":[261,325,545],"famine":[262,309,546,636],"has":[264,649],"focused":[265],"\u201cthree":[268],"capitals,\u201d":[269],"Edo,":[270],"Osaka,":[271],"Kyoto.4":[273],"Consideration":[274],"situation":[277],"adds":[280],"new":[282],"dimension":[283],"such":[285,338,380,420,646],"studies":[286],"exploring":[288],"different":[290],"schemes":[291],"aid":[294],"managed,":[296],"funded,":[297],"modified":[299],"much":[302,652],"smaller":[303],"setting.":[304],"argues":[307],"structured":[314],"local":[317],"social":[318],"order,":[319],"especially":[320,619],"roles":[322,676],"assumed":[323],"status":[326,438,494,537],"groups,":[327],"served":[329],"coordinating":[332],"framework":[333],"charitable":[335],"interactions.":[336],"As":[337],"it":[339],"also":[340,418],"addresses":[341],"question":[343],"activities":[347],"reveal":[348],"about":[349],"society":[350],"rule":[353,576],"late":[361],"period.":[363],"shogunate":[365],"lords":[368],"administered":[369],"territories":[371],"relying":[373,506],"self-governing":[376,565],"capacities":[377],"groups":[379,402,439,622,642],"peasant":[382],"villages,":[383],"neighborhoods":[384,552],"(which":[385],"largely":[387],"occupation":[388],"based),":[389],"guilds,":[390,648],"fraternities":[392],"various":[394,556],"kinds.":[395],"Although":[396],"warrior":[398,572],"expected":[400],"these":[401],"submit":[404],"control":[407],"could":[409],"impose":[410],"will":[412],"force":[414],"if":[415],"necessary,":[416],"allowed":[419],"entities":[421,538],"autonomy":[422],"situations":[425],"secured":[427],"allegiance":[429],"granting":[431],"privileges":[433],"protection.":[435],"return,":[437],"provided":[440],"rulers":[442],"duties":[444],"form":[447],"goods":[449],"services":[451],"reflected":[453],"particular":[455],"expertise.":[456],"shaped":[460],"style":[463],"governance,":[465],"relied":[467],"powerful":[469],"bonds":[470],"mutual":[472,627],"obligation":[473],"group":[475,669],"cohesion.":[476],"Much":[477],"may":[480],"at":[481],"first":[482],"appear":[483],"like":[484],"individual":[485],"acts":[486],"charity":[488],"actually":[489],"hinged":[490],"givers\u2019":[493],"ties":[495],"authorities,":[498],"while":[499],"government":[501],"exercised":[502,574],"\u201cbenevolent":[503],"rule\u201d":[504],"contributions":[509],"commoners.":[511],"Commoner":[512],"seigneurial":[514],"interventions":[515],"closely":[520],"intertwined":[521],"cannot":[523],"understood":[525],"isolation":[527],"another.":[530],"56]":[533],"Two":[534],"types":[535],"stand":[539],"out":[540],"relevant":[543],"elsewhere:":[551],"(ch\u014d":[553],"\u753a)":[554],"forms":[557],"guilds":[559],"(nakama":[560],"\u4ef2\u9593).":[561],"Ch\u014d":[562],"small,":[564],"units":[566],"house-owning":[568],"through":[570],"population.":[580],"They":[581],"typically":[582],"comprised":[583],"rows":[586],"houses":[588],"either":[590],"side":[591],"block-long":[594],"street":[595],"section.":[596],"Mutual":[597],"help,":[598],"including":[599],"assistance":[600],"needy":[602],"neighbors":[603],"tenants,":[605],"is":[606],"often":[607],"identified":[608],"major":[613],"responsibilities":[614],"ch\u014d,":[617],"five-household":[621],"them\u2014the":[624],"second":[625],"being":[626],"supervision":[628],"control.5":[630],"By":[631],"comparison,":[632],"involvement":[634],"officially":[640],"recognized":[641],"society,":[645],"not":[650],"received":[651],"scholarly":[653],"attention.":[654],"sake":[658],"brewer":[659],"guild,":[660,663],"purveyor":[662],"beggar":[666],"guild":[667],"(a":[668],"mendicant":[671],"outcastes)":[672],"all":[673],"played":[674],"important":[675],"organization":[679],"funding":[681],"town-wide":[683],"systems":[684],"relief.":[686],"Their":[687],"participation":[688],"these...":[690]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
