{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1998433762","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1353/mod.2013.0114","title":"The Big Empty: Chandler's Transatlantic Modernism","display_name":"The Big Empty: Chandler's Transatlantic Modernism","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1998433762","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1353/mod.2013.0114","mag":"1998433762"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1353/mod.2013.0114","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1353/mod.2013.0114","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1353/mod.2013.0114","pdf_url":"https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/1/article/536181/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S185926442","display_name":"Modernism/modernity","issn_l":"1071-6068","issn":["1071-6068","1080-6601"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","jufo-2","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315678","host_organization_name":"Johns Hopkins University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315678","https://openalex.org/P4310316510"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Johns Hopkins University Press","Johns Hopkins University"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Modernism/modernity","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/1/article/536181/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048715647","display_name":"Will Norman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4967-8213","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4967-8213"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32971472","display_name":"Yale University","ror":"https://ror.org/03v76x132","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Will Norman","raw_affiliation_strings":["American Studies at Yale University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"American Studies at Yale University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5048715647"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.5808,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95274459,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":"4","first_page":"747","last_page":"770"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12974","display_name":"Modernist Literature and Criticism","score":0.8320000171661377,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1208","display_name":"Literature and Literary Theory"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12974","display_name":"Modernist Literature and Criticism","score":0.8320000171661377,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1208","display_name":"Literature and Literary Theory"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14494","display_name":"American Literature and Culture","score":0.04100000113248825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1202","display_name":"History"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13174","display_name":"American and British Literature Analysis","score":0.039799999445676804,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1208","display_name":"Literature and Literary Theory"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/raymond-chandler","display_name":"Raymond Chandler","score":0.6259999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transatlantic-modernism","display_name":"transatlantic modernism","score":0.9769999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detective-fiction","display_name":"detective fiction","score":0.8510000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/american-mass-culture","display_name":"American mass culture","score":0.7379999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mid-20th-century","display_name":"mid-twentieth century","score":0.6660000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/literary-modernism","display_name":"modernist literature","score":0.453000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transatlantic-literary-relations","display_name":"transatlantic literary relations","score":0.460999995470047}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778983918","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188830","display_name":"Wife","level":2,"score":0.6550363302230835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164913051","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q482","display_name":"Poetry","level":2,"score":0.5715211629867554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C518914266","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1054574","display_name":"Romance","level":2,"score":0.570886492729187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776242748","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2426218","display_name":"Modernism (music)","level":2,"score":0.462228387594223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.4288840889930725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8868529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124794","display_name":"Taste","level":2,"score":0.4278588891029358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52119013","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50637","display_name":"Art history","level":1,"score":0.42307576537132263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74916050","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q841090","display_name":"Classics","level":1,"score":0.40247929096221924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.3521147668361664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124952713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8242","display_name":"Literature","level":1,"score":0.33475127816200256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.26967573165893555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27206212","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34178","display_name":"Theology","level":1,"score":0.17639020085334778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.11249014735221863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1353/mod.2013.0114","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1353/mod.2013.0114","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1353/mod.2013.0114","pdf_url":"https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/1/article/536181/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S185926442","display_name":"Modernism/modernity","issn_l":"1071-6068","issn":["1071-6068","1080-6601"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","jufo-2","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315678","host_organization_name":"Johns Hopkins University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315678","https://openalex.org/P4310316510"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Johns Hopkins University Press","Johns Hopkins University"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Modernism/modernity","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:kar.kent.ac.uk:40669","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1353/mod.2013.0114>)","pdf_url":"https://kar.kent.ac.uk/40669/1/The%20Big%20Empty.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196264","display_name":"Kent Academic Repository (University of Kent)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I20581793","host_organization_name":"University of Kent","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20581793"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:muse.jhu.edu:/article/536181","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://muse.jhu.edu/article/536181","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196299","display_name":"Project Muse (Johns Hopkins University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","host_organization_name":"Johns Hopkins University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1353/mod.2013.0114","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1353/mod.2013.0114","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1353/mod.2013.0114","pdf_url":"https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/1/article/536181/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S185926442","display_name":"Modernism/modernity","issn_l":"1071-6068","issn":["1071-6068","1080-6601"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","jufo-2","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315678","host_organization_name":"Johns Hopkins University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315678","https://openalex.org/P4310316510"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Johns Hopkins University Press","Johns Hopkins University"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Modernism/modernity","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.5199999809265137,"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1998433762.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1998433762.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":52,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W82779813","https://openalex.org/W563625462","https://openalex.org/W570274127","https://openalex.org/W573850523","https://openalex.org/W575964979","https://openalex.org/W588400208","https://openalex.org/W595801891","https://openalex.org/W611055471","https://openalex.org/W613008207","https://openalex.org/W615026031","https://openalex.org/W621664695","https://openalex.org/W648846713","https://openalex.org/W1497582447","https://openalex.org/W1501288862","https://openalex.org/W1505203243","https://openalex.org/W1527872513","https://openalex.org/W1531115206","https://openalex.org/W1532553204","https://openalex.org/W1537051998","https://openalex.org/W1538159284","https://openalex.org/W1538544234","https://openalex.org/W1583270692","https://openalex.org/W1594004630","https://openalex.org/W1597249783","https://openalex.org/W1603128524","https://openalex.org/W1603587304","https://openalex.org/W1606286626","https://openalex.org/W1778463599","https://openalex.org/W1981219258","https://openalex.org/W1984645963","https://openalex.org/W1994126600","https://openalex.org/W2004397603","https://openalex.org/W2006973183","https://openalex.org/W2041614970","https://openalex.org/W2041895624","https://openalex.org/W2051678521","https://openalex.org/W2063408715","https://openalex.org/W2065087725","https://openalex.org/W2111037093","https://openalex.org/W2191323804","https://openalex.org/W2319717934","https://openalex.org/W2322122327","https://openalex.org/W2324787572","https://openalex.org/W2329334742","https://openalex.org/W2487659872","https://openalex.org/W2492828229","https://openalex.org/W2495394905","https://openalex.org/W2512797922","https://openalex.org/W4248324075","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4300695088","https://openalex.org/W6687397191"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2056184461","https://openalex.org/W2522184364","https://openalex.org/W4289048343","https://openalex.org/W2313135726","https://openalex.org/W4396663075","https://openalex.org/W7006392194","https://openalex.org/W2492499004","https://openalex.org/W4412410974","https://openalex.org/W2615651164","https://openalex.org/W2069774945"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"begin":[1],"with":[2,164,262],"the":[3,81,85,113,116,138,148,215,233,263],"great":[4],"paradox":[5],"of":[6,24,34,87,115,137,147,184,196,219,226,235,251],"Raymond":[7],"Chandler's":[8,172],"career,":[9],"which":[10],"is":[11],"often":[12,126,260],"noted":[13],"in":[14,60,77,92,159,214,238,257],"passing":[15],"but":[16],"rarely":[17],"examined":[18],"closely.":[19],"The":[20],"most":[21],"famous":[22],"practitioner":[23],"that":[25],"typically":[26],"American":[27],"art":[28],"form,":[29],"hardboiled":[30],"detective":[31],"fiction,":[32],"thought":[33],"himself":[35,66],"as":[36,45,67,96,105],"a":[37,97,100,135,182,206],"British":[38,56,139],"exile.":[39],"\"Incidentally,":[40],"I":[41,212],"still":[42],"regard":[43],"myself":[44],"an":[46,106],"exile,":[47],"and":[48,89,103,110,119,130,186,191,222,229,247],"want":[49],"to":[50,70,154,243],"come":[51],"back,\"":[52],"he":[53,63,125,132,152,204,241,248,266],"told":[54],"his":[55,71,128,155,178,236,252],"publisher":[57,156],"Hamish":[58],"Hamilton":[59],"1945,":[61],"while":[62],"later":[64],"described":[65],"\"half":[68],"British\"":[69],"friend":[72],"James":[73],"Sandoe.1":[74],"Although":[75],"born":[76],"Chicago,":[78],"Chandler":[79],"spent":[80,249],"years":[82],"1895-1912,":[83],"between":[84],"ages":[86],"seven":[88],"twenty-four,":[90],"living":[91],"South":[93],"London,":[94,258],"first":[95],"schoolboy,":[98],"then":[99],"civil":[101],"servant,":[102],"finally":[104],"execrable":[107],"poet,":[108],"essayist,":[109],"reviewer":[111],"on":[112],"fringes":[114],"late":[117],"Edwardian":[118],"early":[120],"Georgian":[121],"literary":[122],"scene.":[123],"As":[124],"reminded":[127],"friends":[129],"correspondents,":[131],"was":[133,181,240],"also":[134],"product":[136],"public-school":[140,179],"system,":[141],"having":[142],"attended":[143],"Dulwich":[144],"College:":[145],"\"one":[146],"larger":[149],"public":[150],"schools,\"":[151],"explained":[153],"Blanche":[157],"Knopf":[158],"1940,":[160],"although":[161],"\"not":[162],"ranking":[163],"Eton,":[165],"Harrow,":[166],"Charterhouse":[167],"or":[168],"Marlborough\"":[169],"(SL,":[170],"15).":[171],"England,":[173],"never":[174],"fully":[175],"dissociated":[176],"from":[177,199],"days,":[180],"nation":[183],"cultural":[185,264],"educational":[187],"tradition,":[188],"ethical":[189],"virtue,":[190],"refined":[192],"taste.":[193],"He":[194],"dreamed":[195],"returning":[197],"there":[198],"at":[200],"least":[201],"1932,":[202],"when":[203],"wrote":[205],"romantic":[207],"poem":[208],"eulogizing":[209],"\"the":[210],"England":[211],"picture":[213],"night":[216],"hours":[217],"/":[218,225],"this":[220,245],"bright":[221],"dismal":[223],"land":[224],"my":[227],"exile":[228],"dismay.\"2":[230],"only":[231],"after":[232],"death":[234],"wife":[237],"1955":[239],"able":[242],"fulfill":[244],"desire,":[246],"much":[250],"remaining":[253],"life":[254],"once":[255],"again":[256],"albeit":[259],"disillusioned":[261],"decline":[265],"discovered":[267],"there.":[268]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}