{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1998406066","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0951692899011004004","title":"A Theory of Full International Cooperation","display_name":"A Theory of Full International Cooperation","publication_year":1999,"publication_date":"1999-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1998406066","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0951692899011004004","mag":"1998406066"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/0951692899011004004","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0951692899011004004","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0951692899011004004","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S64175637","display_name":"Journal of Theoretical Politics","issn_l":"0951-6298","issn":["0951-6298","1460-3667"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-2","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Theoretical Politics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042560335","display_name":"Scott A. Barrett","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5921-9830","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5921-9830"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Scott Barrett","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5042560335"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3650,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3650},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":103.9552,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":249,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99927304,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"4","first_page":"519","last_page":"541"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10053","display_name":"International Relations and Foreign Policy","score":0.9639000296592712,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10053","display_name":"International Relations and Foreign Policy","score":0.9639000296592712,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11031","display_name":"Game Theory and Applications","score":0.01679999940097332,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11252","display_name":"Evolutionary Game Theory and Cooperation","score":0.006500000134110451,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/international-cooperation","display_name":"international cooperation","score":0.9890000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prisoner-s-dilemma","display_name":"prisoner's dilemma","score":0.9110000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/self-enforcing-agreements","display_name":"self-enforcing agreements","score":0.6740000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/collective-rationality","display_name":"collective rationality","score":0.8109999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/individual-rationality","display_name":"individual rationality","score":0.8379999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/treaty-compliance","display_name":"treaty compliance","score":0.675000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/customary-international-law","display_name":"customary international law","score":0.746999979019165}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778069335","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q32098","display_name":"Sanctions","level":2,"score":0.7132624983787537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779010840","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131569","display_name":"Treaty","level":2,"score":0.6485199928283691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779777834","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4202277","display_name":"Enforcement","level":2,"score":0.5924803018569946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190253527","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q295354","display_name":"Law and economics","level":1,"score":0.5472344160079956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778496695","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254128","display_name":"Dilemma","level":2,"score":0.5337926149368286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113494165","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41693","display_name":"Prisoner's dilemma","level":3,"score":0.5240511894226074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201717286","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q938185","display_name":"Rationality","level":2,"score":0.5173075199127197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776036281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48769818","display_name":"Constraint (computer-aided design)","level":2,"score":0.4840914011001587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60643870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1949683","display_name":"Deterrence theory","level":2,"score":0.47538816928863525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177142836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44455","display_name":"Game theory","level":2,"score":0.4741972088813782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191795146","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3878446","display_name":"Norm (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.4711049199104309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55447825","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4394526","display_name":"International law","level":2,"score":0.43534910678863525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.4152982831001282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155202549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178803","display_name":"International trade","level":1,"score":0.33351677656173706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.3329518735408783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.24516162276268005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.21923333406448364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.08566540479660034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/0951692899011004004","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0951692899011004004","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0951692899011004004","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S64175637","display_name":"Journal of Theoretical Politics","issn_l":"0951-6298","issn":["0951-6298","1460-3667"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-2","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Theoretical Politics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:sae:jothpo:v:11:y:1999:i:4:p:519-541","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0951692899011004004","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.8046000003814697,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"display_name":"Partnerships for the goals","score":0.550000011920929,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W161434905","https://openalex.org/W1984274707","https://openalex.org/W1992137055","https://openalex.org/W2005516244","https://openalex.org/W2056700716","https://openalex.org/W2062663664","https://openalex.org/W2093248821","https://openalex.org/W2108935876","https://openalex.org/W2114872958","https://openalex.org/W2132980074","https://openalex.org/W2164095277","https://openalex.org/W2170216158","https://openalex.org/W2768978272","https://openalex.org/W2952547163","https://openalex.org/W4207030330","https://openalex.org/W4247556346","https://openalex.org/W4255600842","https://openalex.org/W4301881298"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1523895273","https://openalex.org/W2499364072","https://openalex.org/W2075126551","https://openalex.org/W7170484802","https://openalex.org/W2487334522","https://openalex.org/W1977773386","https://openalex.org/W2493923832","https://openalex.org/W2050460598","https://openalex.org/W2106474305","https://openalex.org/W7097562743"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"develops":[2],"a":[3,20,31,39,51,89,118],"coherent":[4],"theory":[5],"of":[6,14,23,34,42,50,68,134,149,168],"international":[7,98,136,151,174],"cooperation":[8,47,70,106,110,125,140,175],"relying":[9],"on":[10,65,144,173],"the":[11,24,66,69,97,122,132,135,146,166],"twin":[12],"assumptions":[13],"individual":[15],"and":[16],"collective":[17],"rationality.":[18],"Using":[19],"linear":[21],"version":[22],"N-player":[25],"prisoner's":[26],"dilemma":[27],"game,":[28],"I":[29,55,94,129],"provide":[30],"formal":[32],"proof":[33],"Olson's":[35],"conjecture":[36],"that":[37,57,96,108,131],"only":[38,101],"`small'":[40,90],"number":[41,59],"countries":[43,76,86,115],"can":[44],"sustain":[45,104,139],"full":[46],"by":[48,117,156,165],"means":[49],"self-enforcing":[52,119],"agreement.":[53],"Moreover,":[54],"find":[56,95,130],"this":[58],"is":[60,100,176],"not":[61,142,179],"fixed":[62],"but":[63],"depends":[64],"nature":[67],"problem;":[71],"for":[72,82],"some":[73],"problems,":[74],"three":[75],"will":[77,87],"be":[78,88,163],"`too":[79],"many',":[80],"while":[81],"others":[83],"even":[84],"200":[85,112],"number.":[91],"In":[92],"addition,":[93],"system":[99,137],"able":[102],"to":[103,124,138],"global":[105],"-":[107,116],"is,":[109],"involving":[111],"or":[113,158],"so":[114],"treaty":[120],"when":[121],"gains":[123],"are":[126],"`small'.":[127],"Finally,":[128],"ability":[133],"does":[141],"hinge":[143],"whether":[145,159],"compliance":[147,160,180],"norm":[148],"customary":[150],"law":[152],"has":[153],"been":[154],"internalized":[155],"states":[157],"must":[161],"instead":[162],"enforced":[164],"use":[167],"treaty-based":[169],"sanctions.":[170],"The":[171],"constraint":[172],"free-rider":[177],"deterrence,":[178],"enforcement.":[181]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-10-14T16:39:01.820549","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}