{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1998356716","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.1997.0393","title":"Effect of mixing on the rheological characteristics of conditioned sludge: Full-scale studies","display_name":"Effect of mixing on the rheological characteristics of conditioned sludge: Full-scale studies","publication_year":1997,"publication_date":"1997-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1998356716","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.1997.0393","mag":"1998356716"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2166/wst.1997.0393","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.1997.0393","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.1997.0393","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S53450646","display_name":"Water Science & Technology","issn_l":"0273-1223","issn":["0273-1223","1996-9732"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320146","host_organization_name":"Pergamon Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320146"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Pergamon Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Water Science and Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064535233","display_name":"Mohammad M Abu-Orf","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17533244","display_name":"An-Najah National University","ror":"https://ror.org/0046mja08","country_code":"PS","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17533244"]}],"countries":["PS"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad M. Abu-Orf","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil Engineering, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil Engineering, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17533244"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113888412","display_name":"Steven K. Dentel","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86501945","display_name":"University of Delaware","ror":"https://ror.org/01sbq1a82","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86501945"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Steven K. Dentel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA","Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86501945"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86501945"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.5052,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":38,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8639415,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"36","issue":"11","first_page":"51","last_page":"60"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11188","display_name":"Coagulation and Flocculation Studies","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11188","display_name":"Coagulation and Flocculation Studies","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11781","display_name":"Wastewater Treatment and Reuse","score":0.000699999975040555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2311","display_name":"Waste Management and Disposal"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10564","display_name":"Wastewater Treatment and Nitrogen Removal","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2310","display_name":"Pollution"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polyelectrolytes","display_name":"polyelectrolytes","score":0.9240000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mixing","display_name":"mixing","score":0.6639999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sludge-rheology","display_name":"sludge rheology","score":0.9269999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sludge-dewaterability","display_name":"sludge dewaterability","score":0.875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rotational-speed","display_name":"rotational speed","score":0.8159999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/full-scale-wastewater-treatment-plant","display_name":"full-scale wastewater treatment plant","score":0.5580000281333923}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200990466","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q271707","display_name":"Rheology","level":2,"score":0.7793360948562622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138777275","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6884054","display_name":"Mixing (physics)","level":2,"score":0.7208505868911743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.5528073310852051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.4701645076274872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.3778926134109497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C528095902","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2283886","display_name":"Pulp and paper industry","level":1,"score":0.34674519300460815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548081761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180388","display_name":"Waste management","level":1,"score":0.32639724016189575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.2746885120868683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.17509007453918457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.13780000805854797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.10087385773658752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2166/wst.1997.0393","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.1997.0393","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.1997.0393","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S53450646","display_name":"Water Science & Technology","issn_l":"0273-1223","issn":["0273-1223","1996-9732"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320146","host_organization_name":"Pergamon Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320146"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Pergamon Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Water Science and Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.1016/s0273-1223(97)00668-9","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0273-1223(97)00668-9","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0273-1223(97)00668-9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S53450646","display_name":"Water Science & Technology","issn_l":"0273-1223","issn":["0273-1223","1996-9732"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320146","host_organization_name":"Pergamon Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320146"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Pergamon Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Water Science and Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6","display_name":"Clean water and sanitation","score":0.8999999761581421}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306107","display_name":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/03tns0030"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306546","display_name":"Water Environment Research Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/0362bde51"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320308602","display_name":"Water Research Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/05rbdsb19"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":8,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1495652237","https://openalex.org/W1983207534","https://openalex.org/W2056683082","https://openalex.org/W2085854896","https://openalex.org/W2149706217","https://openalex.org/W2522212532","https://openalex.org/W2803330917","https://openalex.org/W3213546098"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2066444618","https://openalex.org/W2075050123","https://openalex.org/W2803886454","https://openalex.org/W2046717198","https://openalex.org/W1981437211","https://openalex.org/W4386056663","https://openalex.org/W2017869663","https://openalex.org/W2595239806","https://openalex.org/W2034763809","https://openalex.org/W2080709504"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Conditioning":[0],"of":[1,22,44,75,110,118,123],"wastewater":[2],"sludges":[3],"with":[4,113],"polyelectrolytes":[5],"prior":[6,79],"to":[7,11,40,80,86,115,133],"dewatering":[8,81,160],"is":[9],"necessary":[10],"increase":[12],"the":[13,23,26,42,48,61,72,76,83,87,94,124],"sludges'":[14],"dewaterability.":[15],"During":[16],"this":[17],"conditioning":[18,142],"process":[19],"adequate":[20],"mixing":[21,45,69,152],"conditioner":[24],"and":[25,51,82,156],"sludge":[27,50,96],"must":[28,153],"be":[29,154],"attained.":[30],"This":[31,137],"research":[32],"reports":[33],"on":[34],"results":[35],"from":[36],"full-scale":[37],"experiments":[38,57],"conducted":[39,59],"examine":[41],"effect":[43],"parameters":[46],"upon":[47],"conditioned":[49,95],"liquid":[52],"stream":[53],"rheological":[54,91,125,135],"characteristics.":[55],"Full-scale":[56],"were":[58,71,97],"at":[60],"90":[62],"MGD":[63],"Wilmington":[64],"Pollution":[65],"Control":[66],"Facility.":[67],"Varied":[68],"conditions":[70],"rotational":[73],"speed":[74],"flocculation":[77,88],"tank":[78],"filtrate":[84],"recycling":[85],"tank.":[89],"The":[90],"changes":[92,126],"in":[93],"detected":[98],"using":[99],"an":[100],"on-line":[101],"ZenoFloc\u2122":[102],"system.":[103],"Although":[104],"previous":[105],"investigations":[106],"have":[107],"shown":[108],"effects":[109],"such":[111],"variations":[112,131],"regard":[114],"CST,":[116],"use":[117],"a":[119],"rheometer":[120],"as":[121,144,146],"indication":[122],"also":[127,149],"showed":[128,150],"that":[129,151],"G":[130],"led":[132],"different":[134],"levels.":[136],"allows":[138],"some":[139],"insight":[140],"into":[141],"mechanisms":[143],"well":[145],"optimization.":[147],"Results":[148],"optimized":[155],"controlled":[157],"for":[158],"better":[159],"performance.":[161]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-08T12:12:28.789561","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}