{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1998335592","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0370-2693(96)00532-1","title":"Anomaly-free formulation of non-perturbative, four-dimensional Lorentzian quantum gravity","display_name":"Anomaly-free formulation of non-perturbative, four-dimensional Lorentzian quantum gravity","publication_year":1996,"publication_date":"1996-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1998335592","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0370-2693(96)00532-1","mag":"1998335592"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/0370-2693(96)00532-1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0370-2693(96)00532-1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0370-2693(96)00532-1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S173952182","display_name":"Physics Letters B","issn_l":"0370-2693","issn":["0370-2693","1873-2445"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","norway-2","oarl","poland-140","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Physics Letters B","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/gr-qc/9606088","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"T. Thiemann","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"T. Thiemann","raw_affiliation_strings":["Physics Department, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Physics Department, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"],"apc_list":{"value":0,"currency":"USD","value_usd":0},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":11.361,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":359,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98785157,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"380","issue":"3-4","first_page":"257","last_page":"264"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11415","display_name":"Noncommutative and Quantum Gravity Theories","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3106","display_name":"Nuclear and High Energy Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11415","display_name":"Noncommutative and Quantum Gravity Theories","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3106","display_name":"Nuclear and High Energy Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11960","display_name":"Relativity and Gravitational Theory","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10025","display_name":"Black Holes and Theoretical Physics","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3106","display_name":"Nuclear and High Energy Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wheeler-dewitt-equation","display_name":"Wheeler-DeWitt equation","score":0.9350000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lorentzian-quantum-gravity","display_name":"Lorentzian quantum gravity","score":0.8740000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-perturbative-quantum-gravity","display_name":"non-perturbative quantum gravity","score":0.9330000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hamiltonian-constraint-operator","display_name":"Hamiltonian constraint operator","score":0.7250000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wick-rotation","display_name":"Wick rotation","score":0.722000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/euclidean-quantum-gravity","display_name":"Euclidean quantum gravity","score":0.7860000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/poincare-group-generators","display_name":"Poincar\u00e9 group generators","score":0.843999981880188}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.8726000189781189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778267785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5645295","display_name":"Hamiltonian constraint","level":5,"score":0.6995999813079834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130787639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5645293","display_name":"Hamiltonian (control theory)","level":2,"score":0.6984999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179578378","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2067074","display_name":"Canonical quantum gravity","level":5,"score":0.6367999911308289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51121833","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2246283","display_name":"Euclidean quantum gravity","level":5,"score":0.6340000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166124518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1047702","display_name":"Renormalization","level":2,"score":0.5906000137329102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108568745","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q234181","display_name":"Quantum gravity","level":3,"score":0.5861999988555908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204572665","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q914299","display_name":"Spin foam","level":5,"score":0.550599992275238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37914503","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156495","display_name":"Mathematical physics","level":1,"score":0.5311999917030334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58801389","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q739962","display_name":"Loop quantum gravity","level":4,"score":0.531000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129782007","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162886","display_name":"Euclidean geometry","level":2,"score":0.5113999843597412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17020691","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q139677","display_name":"Operator (biology)","level":5,"score":0.4966000020503998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199238424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1368870","display_name":"Wheeler\u2013DeWitt equation","level":5,"score":0.4916999936103821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84114770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46344","display_name":"Quantum","level":2,"score":0.41920000314712524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.38679999113082886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68532491","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1203669","display_name":"Renormalization group","level":2,"score":0.36980000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67560290","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17004315","display_name":"Asymptotic safety in quantum gravity","level":4,"score":0.3562000095844269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136650576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5923177","display_name":"Ho\u0159ava\u2013Lifshitz gravity","level":5,"score":0.34599998593330383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28855332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q198099","display_name":"Quantization (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.34450000524520874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105004547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3775955","display_name":"Semiclassical gravity","level":5,"score":0.334199994802475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74650414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11397","display_name":"Classical mechanics","level":1,"score":0.321399986743927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53250935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2122184","display_name":"Quantum geometry","level":5,"score":0.30250000953674316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73052347","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5282616","display_name":"Displacement operator","level":5,"score":0.29789999127388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776036281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48769818","display_name":"Constraint (computer-aided design)","level":2,"score":0.29100000858306885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146857524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310696","display_name":"Relation between Schr\u00f6dinger's equation and the path integral formulation of quantum mechanics","level":4,"score":0.2906000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992308199","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q477921","display_name":"Hamiltonian formalism","level":3,"score":0.28220000863075256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5667645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q217255","display_name":"Lorentz transformation","level":2,"score":0.2687000036239624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134440745","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1186765","display_name":"Ladder operator","level":4,"score":0.26820001006126404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780992000","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17016113","display_name":"Generator (circuit theory)","level":3,"score":0.2632000148296356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115047598","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q54505","display_name":"Quantum field theory","level":2,"score":0.257099986076355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20359954","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245956","display_name":"Immirzi parameter","level":5,"score":0.2540000081062317}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/0370-2693(96)00532-1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0370-2693(96)00532-1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0370-2693(96)00532-1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S173952182","display_name":"Physics Letters B","issn_l":"0370-2693","issn":["0370-2693","1873-2445"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","norway-2","oarl","poland-140","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Physics Letters B","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:gr-qc/9606088","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/gr-qc/9606088","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/gr-qc/9606088","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.27.4464","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.27.4464","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://otokar.troja.mff.cuni.cz/veda/gr-qc/96/06/9606088.ps.gz","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.338.6053","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.338.6053","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://arxiv.org/pdf/gr-qc/9606088v1.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:cds.cern.ch:306308","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://cds.cern.ch/record/306308","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402195","display_name":"CERN Document Server (European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":null},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.gr-qc/9606088","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.gr-qc/9606088","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.gr-qc/9606088","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:gr-qc/9606088","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/gr-qc/9606088","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/gr-qc/9606088","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy","ror":"https://ror.org/01bj3aw27"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309622","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1998335592.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1998335592.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1489220949","https://openalex.org/W1598234271","https://openalex.org/W1811947045","https://openalex.org/W1970736913","https://openalex.org/W1972512086","https://openalex.org/W1974281514","https://openalex.org/W1991533445","https://openalex.org/W2007109887","https://openalex.org/W2012916926","https://openalex.org/W2012951907","https://openalex.org/W2016939318","https://openalex.org/W2021228295","https://openalex.org/W2022213305","https://openalex.org/W2037266697","https://openalex.org/W2060593074","https://openalex.org/W2062305579","https://openalex.org/W2064185701","https://openalex.org/W2068017004","https://openalex.org/W2071232072","https://openalex.org/W2081561221","https://openalex.org/W2084294237","https://openalex.org/W2098989214","https://openalex.org/W2104041846","https://openalex.org/W2107246682","https://openalex.org/W2124214065","https://openalex.org/W2126106103","https://openalex.org/W2138547238","https://openalex.org/W2142175688","https://openalex.org/W2158823455","https://openalex.org/W2161665715","https://openalex.org/W2593724734","https://openalex.org/W2949341344","https://openalex.org/W3066283504","https://openalex.org/W3104702211","https://openalex.org/W4234933822"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2012951907","https://openalex.org/W7026567984","https://openalex.org/W7100691611","https://openalex.org/W1852992845","https://openalex.org/W7098646121","https://openalex.org/W1872542178","https://openalex.org/W1988029030","https://openalex.org/W2081561221","https://openalex.org/W2058632875","https://openalex.org/W4281493654"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":38},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}