{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1998333303","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0055305","title":"Risk Factors for Late-Stage HIV Disease Presentation at Initial HIV Diagnosis in Durban, South Africa","display_name":"Risk Factors for Late-Stage HIV Disease Presentation at Initial HIV Diagnosis in Durban, South Africa","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-01-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1998333303","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0055305","mag":"1998333303","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23383147","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3557232"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0055305","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0055305","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0055305","pdf_url":"https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0055305&type=printable","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S202381698","display_name":"PLoS ONE","issn_l":"1932-6203","issn":["1932-6203"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315706","host_organization_name":"Public Library of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315706"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Public Library of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLoS ONE","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0055305&type=printable","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023486394","display_name":"Paul K. Drain","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3300-3817","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3300-3817"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1283280774","display_name":"Brigham and Women's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04b6nzv94","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121934306","https://openalex.org/I1283280774","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087915","display_name":"Massachusetts General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/002pd6e78","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087915","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Paul K. Drain","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America. pdrain@partners.org","Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America","Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America","Medical Practice Evaluation Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America. pdrain@partners.org","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087915"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1283280774"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087915"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medical Practice Evaluation Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019522183","display_name":"Elena Losina","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3424-0892","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3424-0892","https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8229-6674"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111088046","display_name":"Boston University","ror":"https://ror.org/05qwgg493","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111088046"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1283280774","display_name":"Brigham and Women's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04b6nzv94","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121934306","https://openalex.org/I1283280774","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087915","display_name":"Massachusetts General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/002pd6e78","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087915","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elena Losina","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America","Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America","Division of General Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America","Division of Rheumatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America","Medical Practice Evaluation Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111088046"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1283280774"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of General Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087915"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Rheumatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1283280774"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medical Practice Evaluation Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Gary Parker","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210121501","display_name":"McCord Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/02p2egt14","country_code":"ZA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210121501"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gary Parker","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medicine, McCord Hospital, Durban, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, McCord Hospital, Durban, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210121501"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112413545","display_name":"Janet Giddy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1316-8078","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1316-8078"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210121501","display_name":"McCord Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/02p2egt14","country_code":"ZA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210121501"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Janet Giddy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medicine, McCord Hospital, Durban, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, McCord Hospital, Durban, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210121501"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Douglas Ross","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210133745","display_name":"St. Mary\u2019s Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/041j39g66","country_code":"ZA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210133745"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Douglas Ross","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medicine, St. Mary's Hospital, Durban, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, St. Mary's Hospital, Durban, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210133745"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030816361","display_name":"Jeffrey Neil Katz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2104-4670","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2104-4670","https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8647-7704"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1283280774","display_name":"Brigham and Women's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04b6nzv94","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121934306","https://openalex.org/I1283280774","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jeffrey N. Katz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America","Departments of Epidemiology and Health Policy and Management, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America","Division of Rheumatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1283280774"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departments of Epidemiology and Health Policy and Management, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Rheumatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1283280774"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048151256","display_name":"Sharon M. Coleman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7641-2947","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7641-2947"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111088046","display_name":"Boston University","ror":"https://ror.org/05qwgg493","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111088046"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sharon M. Coleman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Data Coordinating Center, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America","Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Data Coordinating Center, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111088046"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111088046"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070592079","display_name":"Laura M. Bogart","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3182-5542","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3182-5542"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1288882113","display_name":"Boston Children's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/00dvg7y05","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1288882113"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Laura M. Bogart","raw_affiliation_strings":["Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America","Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1288882113"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074313423","display_name":"Kenneth A. Freedberg","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6471-7930","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6471-7930","https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3143-7822"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111088046","display_name":"Boston University","ror":"https://ror.org/05qwgg493","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111088046"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087915","display_name":"Massachusetts General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/002pd6e78","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087915","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kenneth A. Freedberg","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for AIDS Research, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America","Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America","Departments of Epidemiology and Health Policy and Management, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America","Division of General Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America","Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America","Medical Practice Evaluation Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for AIDS Research, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111088046"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departments of Epidemiology and Health Policy and Management, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of General Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087915"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087915"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medical Practice Evaluation Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002686651","display_name":"Rochelle P. Walensky","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8795-379X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8795-379X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1283280774","display_name":"Brigham and Women's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04b6nzv94","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121934306","https://openalex.org/I1283280774","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087915","display_name":"Massachusetts General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/002pd6e78","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087915","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rochelle P. Walensky","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for AIDS Research, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America","Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America","Division of General Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America","Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America","Medical Practice Evaluation Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for AIDS Research, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1283280774"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of General Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087915"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087915"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medical Practice Evaluation Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087915"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067655089","display_name":"Ingrid Valerie Bassett","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6920-6080","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6920-6080"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087915","display_name":"Massachusetts General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/002pd6e78","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087915","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ingrid V. Bassett","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for AIDS Research, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America","Division of General Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America","Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America","Medical Practice Evaluation Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for AIDS Research, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of General Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087915"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087915"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medical Practice Evaluation Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087915"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5023486394"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1283280774","https://openalex.org/I4210087915"],"apc_list":{"value":2382,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2382},"apc_paid":{"value":2382,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2382},"fwci":6.5443,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":85,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9709663,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"1","first_page":"e55305","last_page":"e55305"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10082","display_name":"HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10082","display_name":"HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11860","display_name":"HIV, Drug Use, Sexual Risk","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14334","display_name":"HIV/AIDS Impact and Responses","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cd4-count","display_name":"CD4 count","score":0.9470000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-factors","display_name":"risk factors","score":0.9520000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emotional-well-being","display_name":"emotional well-being","score":0.8330000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-support","display_name":"social support","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distance-to-clinic","display_name":"distance to clinic","score":0.6819999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/employment","display_name":"employment","score":0.6129999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sex-differences","display_name":"sex differences","score":0.703000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-hiv-testing","display_name":"mobile HIV testing","score":0.8429999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/durban","display_name":"Durban","score":0.9039999842643738}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.7475292086601257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156957248","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1862216","display_name":"Odds ratio","level":2,"score":0.582804799079895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.553391695022583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.476016104221344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020110884","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q695416","display_name":"Outpatient clinic","level":2,"score":0.44417673349380493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.4201824963092804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38180746","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1952580","display_name":"Multivariate analysis","level":2,"score":0.41937437653541565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143095724","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q515895","display_name":"Odds","level":3,"score":0.4125763773918152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146357865","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1123245","display_name":"Stage (stratigraphy)","level":2,"score":0.41121384501457214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187212893","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q123028","display_name":"Pediatrics","level":1,"score":0.3749352693557739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151956035","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1132755","display_name":"Logistic regression","level":2,"score":0.30773070454597473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.21982744336128235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D002452","descriptor_name":"Cell Count","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005843","descriptor_name":"Geography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011446","descriptor_name":"Prospective Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012044","descriptor_name":"Regression Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012307","descriptor_name":"Risk Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012959","descriptor_name":"Socioeconomic Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013019","descriptor_name":"South Africa","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015496","descriptor_name":"CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015658","descriptor_name":"HIV Infections","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015658","descriptor_name":"HIV Infections","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015658","descriptor_name":"HIV Infections","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016017","descriptor_name":"Odds Ratio","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018450","descriptor_name":"Disease Progression","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":7,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0055305","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0055305","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0055305","pdf_url":"https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0055305&type=printable","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S202381698","display_name":"PLoS ONE","issn_l":"1932-6203","issn":["1932-6203"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315706","host_organization_name":"Public Library of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315706"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Public Library of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLoS ONE","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:2564065","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3557232","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:3557232","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3557232","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLoS One","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:23383147","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23383147","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PloS one","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dash.harvard.edu:1/10613686","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:10613686","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401540","display_name":"Digital Access to Scholarship at Harvard (DASH) (Harvard University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","host_organization_name":"Harvard University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:plo:pone00:0055305","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0055305","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:3c84a00e0e72447697f335128fbbeaad","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/3c84a00e0e72447697f335128fbbeaad","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PLoS ONE, Vol 8, Iss 1, p e55305 (2013)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0055305","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0055305","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0055305","pdf_url":"https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0055305&type=printable","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S202381698","display_name":"PLoS ONE","issn_l":"1932-6203","issn":["1932-6203"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315706","host_organization_name":"Public Library of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315706"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Public Library of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLoS ONE","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":1.0},{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.7578999996185303}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1203476693","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"AI060354","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332582","funder_display_name":"Center for AIDS Research, University of Washington"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1425212935","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"UL1RR025758","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309622","funder_display_name":"Harvard University"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1575283533","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"P30 AI060354","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309654","funder_display_name":"Harvard University Center for AIDS Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1715512604","display_name":"Optimal Strategies for Management of HIV Disease","funder_award_id":"K24AI062476","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337355","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1722716446","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"P30 AI060354","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332582","funder_display_name":"Center for AIDS Research, University of Washington"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2027089972","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"AR\u2010057827","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337362","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2496518617","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"UL1-RR025758","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309673","funder_display_name":"Harvard Catalyst"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3447108572","display_name":"Harvard Clinical and Translational Science Center (UL1)","funder_award_id":"UL1RR025758","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337375","funder_display_name":"National Center for Research Resources"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G345173699","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"P30AI060354","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309622","funder_display_name":"Harvard University"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G346640147","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R24 TW007988","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309151","funder_display_name":"Vanderbilt University"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G46759241","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RR025758","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337375","funder_display_name":"National Center for Research Resources"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5883436643","display_name":"Linkage & Retention: A Randomized Trial to Optimize HIV/TB Care in South Africa","funder_award_id":"R01MH090326","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337346","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Mental Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6808131988","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MH090326","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337346","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Mental Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7176838032","display_name":"Fogarty International Clinical Research Scholars Support Center @ Vanderbilt-AAMC","funder_award_id":"R24TW007988","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337356","funder_display_name":"Fogarty International Center"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7785852513","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"AI060354","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309654","funder_display_name":"Harvard University Center for AIDS Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8001904788","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"TW007988","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337356","funder_display_name":"Fogarty International Center"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8202541572","display_name":"Patient Oriented Research and Mentoring Program in Orthopedics","funder_award_id":"K24AR057827","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337362","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8573137422","display_name":"Optimizing strategies for universal HIV testing","funder_award_id":"R01MH073445","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337346","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Mental Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G9000904381","display_name":"Harvard University Center for AIDS Research","funder_award_id":"P30AI060354","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337355","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309151","display_name":"Vanderbilt University","ror":"https://ror.org/02vm5rt34"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309622","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309654","display_name":"Harvard University Center for AIDS Research","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309673","display_name":"Harvard Catalyst","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310979","display_name":"U.S. President\u2019s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief","ror":"https://ror.org/025g6sc95"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332582","display_name":"Center for AIDS Research, University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337346","display_name":"National Institute of Mental Health","ror":"https://ror.org/04xeg9z08"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337355","display_name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","ror":"https://ror.org/043z4tv69"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337356","display_name":"Fogarty International Center","ror":"https://ror.org/02xey9a22"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337362","display_name":"National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases","ror":"https://ror.org/006zn3t30"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337375","display_name":"National Center for Research Resources","ror":"https://ror.org/04pw6fb54"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1998333303.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1998333303.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W43789029","https://openalex.org/W1964622370","https://openalex.org/W1965579769","https://openalex.org/W1967410659","https://openalex.org/W1969983472","https://openalex.org/W1975995209","https://openalex.org/W1982454443","https://openalex.org/W1988077091","https://openalex.org/W1994691358","https://openalex.org/W1999408007","https://openalex.org/W2000770178","https://openalex.org/W2003348490","https://openalex.org/W2005296432","https://openalex.org/W2007374658","https://openalex.org/W2011791023","https://openalex.org/W2012840428","https://openalex.org/W2014412062","https://openalex.org/W2019334884","https://openalex.org/W2026408121","https://openalex.org/W2027424828","https://openalex.org/W2036421168","https://openalex.org/W2049736655","https://openalex.org/W2062228999","https://openalex.org/W2064871165","https://openalex.org/W2069596315","https://openalex.org/W2079513681","https://openalex.org/W2079766092","https://openalex.org/W2081198205","https://openalex.org/W2095708680","https://openalex.org/W2098194076","https://openalex.org/W2108990508","https://openalex.org/W2110356839","https://openalex.org/W2117451455","https://openalex.org/W2121153755","https://openalex.org/W2123949280","https://openalex.org/W2127198790","https://openalex.org/W2128759000","https://openalex.org/W2130806570","https://openalex.org/W2132204302","https://openalex.org/W2135206837","https://openalex.org/W2144476887","https://openalex.org/W2148659628","https://openalex.org/W2153524704","https://openalex.org/W2160032700","https://openalex.org/W2160541947"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2182789080","https://openalex.org/W2558382187","https://openalex.org/W2345626414","https://openalex.org/W2116981238","https://openalex.org/W2016976457","https://openalex.org/W2616513831","https://openalex.org/W2772460926","https://openalex.org/W2918169242","https://openalex.org/W4324018740","https://openalex.org/W2153524704"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"After":[1],"observing":[2],"persistently":[3],"low":[4],"CD4":[5,52,62,125],"counts":[6],"at":[7,35],"initial":[8],"HIV":[9,22,33,56,109,121,134,207,216,251],"diagnosis":[10],"in":[11,39],"South":[12],"Africa,":[13],"we":[14],"sought":[15],"to":[16,32,44,71,87,93,103,159,243],"determine":[17,72],"risk":[18,212,246],"factors":[19,213],"for":[20,96,214],"late-stage":[21,55,108,133,206,215,250],"disease":[23,57,208,217],"presentation":[24,106,218,248],"among":[25],"adults.":[26],"METHODS:":[27],"We":[28,66],"surveyed":[29],"adults":[30,49,114],"prior":[31],"testing":[34,239],"four":[36],"outpatient":[37],"clinics":[38],"Durban":[40],"from":[41,82,144,220],"August":[42],"2010":[43],"November":[45],"2011.":[46],"All":[47],"HIV-infected":[48],"were":[50,117,166,219],"offered":[51],"testing,":[53],"and":[54,90,122,228],"was":[58],"defined":[59],"as":[60,237],"a":[61,124],"count":[63],"<100":[64],"cells/mm(3).":[65],"used":[67],"multivariate":[68,137],"regression":[69],"models":[70],"the":[73,145,175,245],"effects":[74],"of":[75,205,247],"sex,":[76],"emotional":[77,195],"health,":[78],"social":[79],"support,":[80],"distance":[81],"clinic,":[83],"employment,":[84],"perceived":[85,182],"barriers":[86,186],"receiving":[88],"healthcare,":[89],"foregoing":[91],"healthcare":[92,160],"use":[94],"money":[95],"food,":[97],"clothing,":[98],"or":[99,240],"housing":[100],"(\"competing":[101],"needs":[102,158],"healthcare\")":[104],"on":[105],"with":[107,120,132,249],"disease.":[110,135,252],"RESULTS:":[111],"Among":[112,127],"3,669":[113],"screened,":[115],"830":[116],"enrolled,":[118],"newly-diagnosed":[119],"obtained":[123],"result.":[126],"those,":[128],"279":[129],"(33.6%)":[130],"presented":[131],"In":[136],"analyses,":[138],"participants":[139],"who":[140],"lived":[141],"\u22655":[142],"kilometers":[143],"test":[146],"site":[147],"[adjusted":[148],"odds":[149,204],"ratio":[150],"(AOR)":[151],"2.8,":[152],"95%":[153,163,170,179,189,199],"CI":[154,164,171,180,190,200],"1.7-4.7],":[155],"reported":[156],"competing":[157],"(AOR":[161,168,177,187,197],"1.7,":[162,169],"1.2-2.4),":[165],"male":[167],"1.2-2.3),":[172],"worked":[173],"outside":[174],"home":[176],"1.5,":[178,188],"1.1-2.1),":[181,191],"health":[183,196],"service":[184],"delivery":[185],"and/or":[192],"had":[193,202],"poor":[194],"1.4,":[198],"1.0-1.9)":[201],"higher":[203],"presentation.":[209],"CONCLUSIONS:":[210],"Independent":[211],"diverse":[221],"domains,":[222],"including":[223],"geographic,":[224],"economic,":[225],"demographic,":[226],"social,":[227],"psychosocial.":[229],"These":[230],"findings":[231],"can":[232],"inform":[233],"various":[234],"interventions,":[235],"such":[236],"mobile":[238],"financial":[241],"assistance,":[242],"reduce":[244]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
