{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1998320166","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19488289.2011.623029","title":"A New Approach to Organizations: Stability and Transformation in Dark Social Networks","display_name":"A New Approach to Organizations: Stability and Transformation in Dark Social Networks","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1998320166","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19488289.2011.623029","mag":"1998320166"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/19488289.2011.623029","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19488289.2011.623029","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19488289.2011.623029","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210168022","display_name":"Journal of Enterprise Transformation","issn_l":"1948-8289","issn":["1948-8289","1948-8297"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Enterprise Transformation","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028422125","display_name":"William F. Lawless","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3142-6923","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3142-6923"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19989617","display_name":"Paine College","ror":"https://ror.org/00hveka38","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19989617"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"W. F. Lawless","raw_affiliation_strings":["Paine College","Department of Math and Psychology , Paine College , Augusta , GA , USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Paine College","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19989617"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Math and Psychology , Paine College , Augusta , GA , USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19989617"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035715616","display_name":"Fjorentina Angjellari-Dajci","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1327163397","display_name":"State University of New York","ror":"https://ror.org/01q1z8k08","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1327163397"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4864440","display_name":"SUNY Brockport","ror":"https://ror.org/0306aeb62","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4864440"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fjorentina Angjellari-Dajci","raw_affiliation_strings":["State University of New York, The College at Brockport","Department of Business and Economics , State University of New York, The College at Brockport , Brockport , NY , USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State University of New York, The College at Brockport","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1327163397","https://openalex.org/I4864440"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Business and Economics , State University of New York, The College at Brockport , Brockport , NY , USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1327163397","https://openalex.org/I4864440"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080630773","display_name":"Donald Sofge","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0153-3581","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0153-3581"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1288214837","display_name":"United States Naval Research Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/04d23a975","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1288214837","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I175003984","https://openalex.org/I3130687028"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Donald A. Sofge","raw_affiliation_strings":["Naval Research Laboratory","Navy Center for Applied Research in Artificial Intelligence, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington DC"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Naval Research Laboratory","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1288214837"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Navy Center for Applied Research in Artificial Intelligence, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington DC","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1288214837"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027694158","display_name":"James M. Grayson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0589-5566","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0589-5566"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25041050","display_name":"Augusta University","ror":"https://ror.org/012mef835","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25041050"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"James Grayson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Augusta State University","Hull College of Business Administration , Augusta State University , Augusta , GA , USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Augusta State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25041050"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hull College of Business Administration , Augusta State University , Augusta , GA , USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25041050"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078930083","display_name":"Jos\u00e9 Sousa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9570-6054","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9570-6054"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387153674","display_name":"Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular","ror":"https://ror.org/005dkht93","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I182534213","https://openalex.org/I4387153674"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jos\u00e9 Luis Sousa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular","Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Porto, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387153674"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Porto, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387153674"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058593799","display_name":"Laura Rychly","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39815113","display_name":"Georgia Southern University","ror":"https://ror.org/04agmb972","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39815113"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Laura Rychly","raw_affiliation_strings":["Georgia Southern University","College of Education, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Georgia Southern University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39815113"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Education, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39815113"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.3143,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87582895,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"1","issue":"4","first_page":"290","last_page":"322"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10064","display_name":"Complex Network Analysis Techniques","score":0.8515999913215637,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10064","display_name":"Complex Network Analysis Techniques","score":0.8515999913215637,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11838","display_name":"Crime, Illicit Activities, and Governance","score":0.059700001031160355,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14299","display_name":"Complex Systems and Dynamics","score":0.014000000432133675,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/organizational-stability","display_name":"organizational stability","score":0.5989999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/organizational-change","display_name":"organizational change","score":0.8199999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conservation-of-information","display_name":"information conservation","score":0.9259999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/terrorist-networks","display_name":"terrorist networks","score":0.8379999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-network-analysis","display_name":"social network analysis","score":0.6320000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ms-13","display_name":"Mara Salvatrucha","score":0.703000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business-change","display_name":"business change","score":0.5870000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/continuity","display_name":"continuity","score":0.34700000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-benchmarking","display_name":"network benchmarking","score":0.42800000309944153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-graphs","display_name":"random graphs","score":0.7009999752044678}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204241405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q461499","display_name":"Transformation (genetics)","level":3,"score":0.5427917838096619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112972136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7595718","display_name":"Stability (learning theory)","level":2,"score":0.5102789402008057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.34157994389533997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.33766812086105347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2403552532196045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.1732085645198822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.06486305594444275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/19488289.2011.623029","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19488289.2011.623029","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19488289.2011.623029","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210168022","display_name":"Journal of Enterprise Transformation","issn_l":"1948-8289","issn":["1948-8289","1948-8297"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Enterprise Transformation","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320316838","display_name":"Kempe Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/05vbwqf43"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":126,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W21016874","https://openalex.org/W112033606","https://openalex.org/W114330277","https://openalex.org/W147111372","https://openalex.org/W187562580","https://openalex.org/W268419809","https://openalex.org/W582957707","https://openalex.org/W644489933","https://openalex.org/W654690518","https://openalex.org/W844660020","https://openalex.org/W1039821696","https://openalex.org/W1482307688","https://openalex.org/W1482585187","https://openalex.org/W1489050209","https://openalex.org/W1502406759","https://openalex.org/W1508229115","https://openalex.org/W1511617865","https://openalex.org/W1515645104","https://openalex.org/W1519696280","https://openalex.org/W1535920075","https://openalex.org/W1539821193","https://openalex.org/W1541722181","https://openalex.org/W1557496348","https://openalex.org/W1559451480","https://openalex.org/W1571618219","https://openalex.org/W1572930125","https://openalex.org/W1580879076","https://openalex.org/W1655176837","https://openalex.org/W1727507497","https://openalex.org/W1788112351","https://openalex.org/W1812031753","https://openalex.org/W1903894141","https://openalex.org/W1964409641","https://openalex.org/W1971738029","https://openalex.org/W1973899049","https://openalex.org/W1978571935","https://openalex.org/W1984807806","https://openalex.org/W1995213405","https://openalex.org/W1999053831","https://openalex.org/W2001685400","https://openalex.org/W2017810225","https://openalex.org/W2021735092","https://openalex.org/W2025402545","https://openalex.org/W2026714999","https://openalex.org/W2031578782","https://openalex.org/W2034994370","https://openalex.org/W2035316056","https://openalex.org/W2047089402","https://openalex.org/W2055319408","https://openalex.org/W2062454779","https://openalex.org/W2062663664","https://openalex.org/W2062712986","https://openalex.org/W2063231494","https://openalex.org/W2063671558","https://openalex.org/W2067927349","https://openalex.org/W2068447646","https://openalex.org/W2071889094","https://openalex.org/W2083503429","https://openalex.org/W2088992522","https://openalex.org/W2091879643","https://openalex.org/W2092449673","https://openalex.org/W2095403712","https://openalex.org/W2096526352","https://openalex.org/W2098201245","https://openalex.org/W2100922849","https://openalex.org/W2101091849","https://openalex.org/W2101157755","https://openalex.org/W2102916105","https://openalex.org/W2105161930","https://openalex.org/W2105456377","https://openalex.org/W2108114881","https://openalex.org/W2109526980","https://openalex.org/W2111459356","https://openalex.org/W2112007378","https://openalex.org/W2119006096","https://openalex.org/W2121162031","https://openalex.org/W2128845125","https://openalex.org/W2129198565","https://openalex.org/W2131773668","https://openalex.org/W2144846366","https://openalex.org/W2146783628","https://openalex.org/W2147459514","https://openalex.org/W2148606196","https://openalex.org/W2149212390","https://openalex.org/W2159397589","https://openalex.org/W2160185408","https://openalex.org/W2161899020","https://openalex.org/W2166367303","https://openalex.org/W2171770533","https://openalex.org/W2172283965","https://openalex.org/W2189821821","https://openalex.org/W2263997305","https://openalex.org/W2276275925","https://openalex.org/W2297975939","https://openalex.org/W2320993542","https://openalex.org/W2335627586","https://openalex.org/W2414391228","https://openalex.org/W2503618337","https://openalex.org/W2569616450","https://openalex.org/W2580084272","https://openalex.org/W2599778084","https://openalex.org/W2751379301","https://openalex.org/W2793323124","https://openalex.org/W2899672395","https://openalex.org/W2905732640","https://openalex.org/W2985777077","https://openalex.org/W3123637206","https://openalex.org/W3123914693","https://openalex.org/W3125819529","https://openalex.org/W3146026218","https://openalex.org/W3151023666","https://openalex.org/W3195818393","https://openalex.org/W4213235949","https://openalex.org/W4236976817","https://openalex.org/W4237651402","https://openalex.org/W4242142280","https://openalex.org/W4242981563","https://openalex.org/W4243506496","https://openalex.org/W4245439180","https://openalex.org/W4251839049","https://openalex.org/W4253027196","https://openalex.org/W4255779959","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4297081765","https://openalex.org/W4299993032","https://openalex.org/W6676262206"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2970117955","https://openalex.org/W2788980285","https://openalex.org/W2246159493","https://openalex.org/W1975531729","https://openalex.org/W7073981532","https://openalex.org/W6981181100","https://openalex.org/W7099065858","https://openalex.org/W3184095120","https://openalex.org/W268419809","https://openalex.org/W2041414850"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Uncovering":[0],"information":[1,40,65,88],"from":[2,90,132],"well-defined":[3],"organizations":[4,68,166],"for":[5,85,105,136,167],"social":[6,15,30,44,71,75],"network":[7,45,76],"analysis":[8,46],"is":[9,47,59],"straightforward,":[10],"but":[11],"such":[12,93,124],"analyses":[13,77],"of":[14,64,117,129,142,165],"networks":[16],"have":[17],"not":[18],"led":[19],"to":[20,41,50,66,150,161],"valid":[21],"predictions":[22],"about":[23],"their":[24],"actions":[25],"or":[26,37,147],"stability.":[27],"For":[28],"dark":[29,70],"networks,":[31,72],"which":[32,110],"comprise":[33],"illicit":[34],"drug":[35],"gangs":[36],"terrorists,":[38],"uncovering":[39],"compute":[42],"a":[43,55,111,118,120,158],"more":[48],"difficult":[49],"solve.":[51],"The":[52,155],"authors":[53],"used":[54],"new":[56],"theory":[57,106,164],"that":[58,74,78],"based":[60],"on":[61],"the":[62,96,115,163],"conservation":[63],"assess":[67],"and":[69,135,170],"concluding":[73],"are":[79],"properly":[80],"constrained":[81],"should":[82],"be":[83],"invaluable":[84],"bookkeeping":[86],"(storing":[87],"recovered":[89],"neighborhood":[91],"canvasses":[92],"as":[94,125],"with":[95,144],"Defense":[97],"Advanced":[98],"Research":[99],"Projects":[100],"Agency's":[101],"Tactical":[102],"Ground":[103],"Reporting);":[104],"(e.g.,":[107,138],"angiogenesis,":[108],"in":[109],"tumor":[112],"takes":[113,127],"over":[114],"infrastructure":[116],"body;":[119],"criminal":[121],"street":[122],"gang":[123],"MS-13":[126],"control":[128],"its":[130],"territory":[131],"city":[133],"authorities);":[134],"benchmarking":[137],"comparing":[139],"operational":[140],"performance":[141],"models":[143],"case":[145],"studies":[146],"random":[148],"graphs":[149],"assure":[151],"equivalence":[152],"between":[153],"models).":[154],"results":[156],"outline":[157],"path":[159],"forward":[160],"advance":[162],"enterprise":[168],"change":[169],"continuity.":[171]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}