{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1998307037","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1037/0096-1523.24.2.397","title":"Mental and manual rotation.","display_name":"Mental and manual rotation.","publication_year":1998,"publication_date":"1998-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1998307037","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1037/0096-1523.24.2.397","mag":"1998307037","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9606108"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1037/0096-1523.24.2.397","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1037/0096-1523.24.2.397","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1037/0096-1523.24.2.397","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S26008998","display_name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology Human Perception & Performance","issn_l":"0096-1523","issn":["0096-1523","1939-1277"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","erih-plus","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320262","host_organization_name":"American Psychological Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320262"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Psychological Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018477164","display_name":"Andreas Wohlschl\u00e4ger","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149899117","display_name":"Max Planck Society","ror":"https://ror.org/01hhn8329","country_code":"DE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149899117"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189712700","display_name":"University of Konstanz","ror":"https://ror.org/0546hnb39","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189712700"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210130445","display_name":"Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/0387jng26","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149899117","https://openalex.org/I4210130445"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andreas Wohlschl\u00e4ger","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universit\u00e4t Konstanz, Germany. wohlschlaeger@mpipf-muenchen.mpg.de","MPI for Psychological Research (Munich, -2003), The Prior Institutes, MPI for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Max Planck Society"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e4t Konstanz, Germany. wohlschlaeger@mpipf-muenchen.mpg.de","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189712700"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"MPI for Psychological Research (Munich, -2003), The Prior Institutes, MPI for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Max Planck Society","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149899117","https://openalex.org/I4210130445"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111611330","display_name":"Astrid Wohlschl\u00e4ger","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189712700","display_name":"University of Konstanz","ror":"https://ror.org/0546hnb39","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189712700"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Astrid Wohlschl\u00e4ger","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universit\u00e4t Konstanz, Germany. wohlschlaeger@mpipf-muenchen.mpg.de"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e4t Konstanz, Germany. wohlschlaeger@mpipf-muenchen.mpg.de","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189712700"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":12.8343,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":392,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98983333,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"2","first_page":"397","last_page":"412"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11904","display_name":"Spatial Cognition and Navigation","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11904","display_name":"Spatial Cognition and Navigation","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11148","display_name":"Language, Metaphor, and Cognition","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3310","display_name":"Linguistics and Language"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10982","display_name":"Motor Control and Adaptation","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mental-rotation","display_name":"mental rotation","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/manual-rotation","display_name":"manual rotation","score":0.9629999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-reorientation","display_name":"object reorientation","score":0.7440000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reaction-time-psychology","display_name":"reaction time (psychology)","score":0.6710000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interference","display_name":"interference","score":0.38100001215934753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rotational-direction","display_name":"rotational direction","score":0.6000000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mental-imagery","display_name":"mental imagery","score":0.4399999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-manipulation","display_name":"object manipulation","score":0.47600001096725464}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68867621","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q257360","display_name":"Mental rotation","level":3,"score":0.9638640880584717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74050887","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q848368","display_name":"Rotation (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.8431495428085327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16038011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q62912","display_name":"Cartesian coordinate system","level":2,"score":0.5836970210075378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5268441438674927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.4896910488605499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.432727187871933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32022120","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q797225","display_name":"Interference (communication)","level":3,"score":0.4310978651046753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778572836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380933","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","level":2,"score":0.4302319884300232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46312422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11024","display_name":"Communication","level":1,"score":0.3946458399295807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.34532493352890015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.34500226378440857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3446965217590332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3443693518638611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3408607244491577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.3399239182472229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.2341926097869873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.16265740990638733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.14008432626724243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.07528787851333618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D001288","descriptor_name":"Attention","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003867","descriptor_name":"Depth Perception","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004193","descriptor_name":"Discrimination Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007092","descriptor_name":"Imagination","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009949","descriptor_name":"Orientation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010364","descriptor_name":"Pattern Recognition, Visual","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011597","descriptor_name":"Psychomotor Performance","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011601","descriptor_name":"Psychophysics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011930","descriptor_name":"Reaction Time","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1037/0096-1523.24.2.397","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1037/0096-1523.24.2.397","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1037/0096-1523.24.2.397","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S26008998","display_name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology Human Perception & Performance","issn_l":"0096-1523","issn":["0096-1523","1939-1277"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","erih-plus","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320262","host_organization_name":"American Psychological Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320262"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Psychological Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.1037//0096-1523.24.2.397","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1037//0096-1523.24.2.397","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1037//0096-1523.24.2.397","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S26008998","display_name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology Human Perception & Performance","issn_l":"0096-1523","issn":["0096-1523","1939-1277"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","erih-plus","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320262","host_organization_name":"American Psychological Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320262"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Psychological Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:9606108","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9606108","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of experimental psychology. Human perception and performance","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.477.4483","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.477.4483","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://wexler.free.fr/library/files/wohlschl%E4ger (1998) mental and manual rotation.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:escidoc.org:escidoc:724307","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-0010-C607-B","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407052962","display_name":"Max Planck Digital Library","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210088280","host_organization_name":"Max Planck Digital Library","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210088280"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.mpg.de:item_724307","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-0010-C607-B","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400654","display_name":"MPG.PuRe (Max Planck Society)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I149899117","host_organization_name":"Max Planck Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149899117"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":59,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W565007506","https://openalex.org/W628757466","https://openalex.org/W1523723941","https://openalex.org/W1596811349","https://openalex.org/W1624366396","https://openalex.org/W1698208476","https://openalex.org/W1965800035","https://openalex.org/W1967550037","https://openalex.org/W1980455221","https://openalex.org/W1982199007","https://openalex.org/W1985030986","https://openalex.org/W1985042133","https://openalex.org/W1989304657","https://openalex.org/W1991562655","https://openalex.org/W1997481619","https://openalex.org/W2000372715","https://openalex.org/W2011984895","https://openalex.org/W2020713171","https://openalex.org/W2026601381","https://openalex.org/W2029146941","https://openalex.org/W2032458800","https://openalex.org/W2034844101","https://openalex.org/W2036332913","https://openalex.org/W2036959900","https://openalex.org/W2038669073","https://openalex.org/W2039963743","https://openalex.org/W2042039639","https://openalex.org/W2042133853","https://openalex.org/W2042313855","https://openalex.org/W2043756669","https://openalex.org/W2044539750","https://openalex.org/W2045224772","https://openalex.org/W2057205587","https://openalex.org/W2057476408","https://openalex.org/W2062526841","https://openalex.org/W2063379973","https://openalex.org/W2065343501","https://openalex.org/W2069551120","https://openalex.org/W2069765186","https://openalex.org/W2071525334","https://openalex.org/W2076001325","https://openalex.org/W2076122046","https://openalex.org/W2085199691","https://openalex.org/W2085728285","https://openalex.org/W2087572279","https://openalex.org/W2087825138","https://openalex.org/W2094814159","https://openalex.org/W2099637955","https://openalex.org/W2129032174","https://openalex.org/W2156136587","https://openalex.org/W2156567212","https://openalex.org/W2177960617","https://openalex.org/W2315969544","https://openalex.org/W2403137122","https://openalex.org/W2509168091","https://openalex.org/W2775371498","https://openalex.org/W2906896660","https://openalex.org/W4229800757","https://openalex.org/W4253897410"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2034678605","https://openalex.org/W1965878063","https://openalex.org/W2135056310","https://openalex.org/W1596811349","https://openalex.org/W2381146870","https://openalex.org/W2017643198","https://openalex.org/W2162426794","https://openalex.org/W2794365386","https://openalex.org/W291468422","https://openalex.org/W2086405510"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,109],"relation":[1],"between":[2,63],"mental":[3,20,64,89,107,113],"and":[4,66,88,116,134],"manual":[5,87],"rotation":[6,21,65,90,115],"was":[7,81],"investigated":[8,61],"in":[9,25,31,92],"2":[10,60],"experiments.":[11],"Experiment":[12,59],"1":[13],"compared":[14],"the":[15,28,32,41,50,78,96],"response":[16],"times":[17],"(RTs)":[18],"of":[19,45,69,86,95,131],"about":[22],"4":[23,67],"axes":[24,85],"space":[26],"with":[27],"RTs":[29],"shown":[30],"same":[33],"task":[34],"when":[35,84],"participants":[36],"were":[37,56],"allowed":[38],"to":[39,127],"reorient":[40,77],"stimuli":[42],"by":[43],"means":[44],"rotational":[46,100],"hand":[47,72,97],"movements.":[48],"For":[49],"3":[51],"Cartesian":[52],"axes,":[53],"RT":[54],"functions":[55],"quantitatively":[57],"indistinguishable.":[58],"interference":[62],"kinds":[68],"simultaneously":[70],"executed":[71],"movements":[73],"that":[74,112,124],"did":[75],"not":[76],"stimuli.":[79],"Interference":[80],"observed":[82],"only":[83],"coincided":[91],"space.":[93],"Regardless":[94],"used,":[98],"concordant":[99],"directions":[101,105],"facilitated,":[102],"whereas":[103],"discordant":[104],"inhibited,":[106],"rotation.":[108],"results":[110],"suggest":[111],"object":[114,118,137],"rotatory":[117],"manipulation":[119],"share":[120],"a":[121],"common":[122],"process":[123],"is":[125],"thought":[126],"control":[128],"he":[129],"dynamics":[130],"both":[132],"imagined":[133],"actually":[135],"performed":[136],"reorientation.":[138]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":31},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":22}],"updated_date":"2026-11-08T12:12:28.789561","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
