{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1998273669","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1542/pir.30.3.94","title":"The Nephrotic Syndrome","display_name":"The Nephrotic Syndrome","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1998273669","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1542/pir.30.3.94","mag":"1998273669","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19255123"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1542/pir.30.3.94","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1542/pir.30.3.94","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1542/pir.30.3.94","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S118940750","display_name":"Pediatrics in Review","issn_l":"0191-9601","issn":["0191-9601","1526-3347","1529-7233"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315734","host_organization_name":"American Academy of Pediatrics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315734"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Academy of Pediatrics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Pediatrics In Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056036483","display_name":"Roberto Gordillo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2604-6843","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2604-6843"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129975664","display_name":"Albert Einstein College of Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/05cf8a891","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129975664","https://openalex.org/I4210112371"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210135976","display_name":"Children's Hospital at Montefiore","ror":"https://ror.org/03n0fp725","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210135976"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. Gordillo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Bronx, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Bronx, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129975664","https://openalex.org/I4210135976"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110833641","display_name":"Adrian Spitzer","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. Spitzer","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.5785,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":35,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83983267,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"30","issue":"3","first_page":"94","last_page":"105"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11029","display_name":"Renal Diseases and Glomerulopathies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2727","display_name":"Nephrology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11029","display_name":"Renal Diseases and Glomerulopathies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2727","display_name":"Nephrology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10408","display_name":"Chronic Kidney Disease and Diabetes","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2727","display_name":"Nephrology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10993","display_name":"Complement system in diseases","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nephrotic-syndrome","display_name":"nephrotic syndrome","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/proteinuria","display_name":"proteinuria","score":0.8479999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glomerular-filtration-barrier","display_name":"glomerular filtration barrier","score":0.9110000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/podocytes","display_name":"podocytes","score":0.9240000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/slit-diaphragm","display_name":"slit diaphragm","score":0.9779999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nephrin","display_name":"nephrin","score":0.8360000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glomerular-basement-membrane","display_name":"glomerular basement membrane","score":0.8230000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heparan-sulfate-proteoglycans","display_name":"heparan sulfate proteoglycans","score":0.9390000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hypoalbuminemia","display_name":"hypoalbuminemia","score":0.8109999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/edema","display_name":"edema","score":0.7870000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hyperlipidemia","display_name":"hyperlipidemia","score":0.9919999837875366}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776009029","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1640780","display_name":"Hypoalbuminemia","level":2,"score":0.9029779434204102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778930706","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q504790","display_name":"Nephrotic syndrome","level":2,"score":0.8172563314437866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779561371","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q570197","display_name":"Proteinuria","level":3,"score":0.7002706527709961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.6918559074401855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781175652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6995207","display_name":"Nephrosis","level":2,"score":0.5413915514945984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54847362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177635","display_name":"Nephrology","level":2,"score":0.5293636322021484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781087799","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7312483","display_name":"Renal biopsy","level":3,"score":0.517331063747406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.501962423324585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.43943652510643005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159641895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q108377937","display_name":"Renal function","level":2,"score":0.34635019302368164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780091579","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9377","display_name":"Kidney","level":2,"score":0.331778883934021}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000199","descriptor_name":"Actins","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000419","descriptor_name":"Albuminuria","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002196","descriptor_name":"Capillaries","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002648","descriptor_name":"Child","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004487","descriptor_name":"Edema","qualifier_ui":"Q000209","qualifier_name":"etiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006949","descriptor_name":"Hyperlipidemias","qualifier_ui":"Q000209","qualifier_name":"etiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007678","descriptor_name":"Kidney Glomerulus","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008565","descriptor_name":"Membrane Proteins","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009404","descriptor_name":"Nephrotic Syndrome","qualifier_ui":"Q000145","qualifier_name":"classification","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009404","descriptor_name":"Nephrotic Syndrome","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009404","descriptor_name":"Nephrotic Syndrome","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009404","descriptor_name":"Nephrotic Syndrome","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010641","descriptor_name":"Phenotype","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011507","descriptor_name":"Proteinuria","qualifier_ui":"Q000209","qualifier_name":"etiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012079","descriptor_name":"Renal Circulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012356","descriptor_name":"RNA, Transfer, Leu","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015994","descriptor_name":"Incidence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D047908","descriptor_name":"Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1542/pir.30.3.94","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1542/pir.30.3.94","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1542/pir.30.3.94","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S118940750","display_name":"Pediatrics in Review","issn_l":"0191-9601","issn":["0191-9601","1526-3347","1529-7233"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315734","host_organization_name":"American Academy of Pediatrics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315734"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Academy of Pediatrics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Pediatrics In Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.1542/pir.30-3-94","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1542/pir.30-3-94","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1542/pir.30-3-94","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S118940750","display_name":"Pediatrics in Review","issn_l":"0191-9601","issn":["0191-9601","1526-3347","1529-7233"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315734","host_organization_name":"American Academy of Pediatrics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315734"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Academy of Pediatrics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Pediatrics in Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:19255123","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19255123","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Pediatrics in review","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.8199999928474426,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1940588772","https://openalex.org/W1980517783","https://openalex.org/W1986167294","https://openalex.org/W1994069320","https://openalex.org/W2021202287","https://openalex.org/W2035610198","https://openalex.org/W2038562585","https://openalex.org/W2039537505","https://openalex.org/W2085574022","https://openalex.org/W2093256168","https://openalex.org/W2094516036","https://openalex.org/W2117628961","https://openalex.org/W2127974114","https://openalex.org/W2134425923","https://openalex.org/W2151098851","https://openalex.org/W4210848327","https://openalex.org/W4238630369"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2330564465","https://openalex.org/W2403277534","https://openalex.org/W7100649298","https://openalex.org/W1585747827","https://openalex.org/W205788899","https://openalex.org/W2015003681","https://openalex.org/W2122072030","https://openalex.org/W2038694669","https://openalex.org/W4233348184","https://openalex.org/W143464334"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"After":[0],"completing":[1],"this":[2,50,1127,1568,1604,2069,2439,3159,3537,3651,3953,4248,4481],"article,":[3],"readers":[4],"should":[5,1068,1199,1594,1935,2451,2542,4531,4535,4785,4858,4914,4931,5441,5455],"be":[6,461,627,682,721,897,1069,1185,1200,1314,1446,1475,1494,1574,1703,1744,1762,1835,1936,2055,2135,2187,2543,2778,2792,3125,3340,3375,3766,3779,3794,3844,3866,3958,4177,4357,4474,4499,4532,4536,4588,4625,4672,4786,4859,4915,4932,5098,5143,5329,5362,5386,5442,5456,5494,5520],"able":[7],"to:":[8],"The":[9,71,307,481,572,646,673,740,1422,1470,1500,1512,1961,2446,2502,2549,2878,2899,3156,3200,3219,3323,3372,3443,3569,3648,3950,4052,4110,4206,4364,4383,4476,4579,4766,4853,5018,5417,5435,5577],"word":[10],"\u201cnephrosis\u201d":[11,65],"was":[12,66,512,518,1087,1994,2775,3139,4059,5156,5242],"introduced":[13],"in":[14,25,106,121,195,228,247,250,256,268,393,464,485,491,565,619,685,690,746,795,807,856,892,926,976,980,1093,1240,1296,1337,1408,1435,1449,1454,1490,1642,1669,1777,1805,1817,1989,2011,2090,2101,2110,2122,2136,2259,2278,2303,2319,2334,2362,2435,2491,2720,2752,2759,2780,2796,2808,2837,2921,2944,3071,3101,3149,3203,3213,3262,3273,3277,3282,3297,3300,3321,3330,3521,3525,3531,3536,3548,3596,3621,3632,3700,3709,3716,3732,3742,3878,3924,3965,3978,4003,4047,4073,4115,4134,4225,4251,4271,4283,4319,4404,4412,4432,4480,4566,4616,4638,4654,4677,4720,4803,4833,4918,4995,4999,5039,5053,5080,5101,5115,5187,5277,5301,5391,5406,5413,5507,5559,5563],"the":[15,19,22,32,63,76,83,102,107,110,123,126,131,144,147,154,157,162,166,173,177,180,211,219,229,235,259,269,279,288,294,297,302,316,326,343,348,355,376,408,414,424,435,438,442,475,547,580,620,637,658,734,747,753,773,783,796,801,818,829,879,914,927,945,956,967,970,985,988,1032,1045,1048,1056,1089,1114,1132,1156,1206,1216,1234,1272,1322,1338,1344,1362,1365,1404,1409,1411,1432,1457,1481,1491,1497,1516,1552,1577,1584,1646,1650,1666,1675,1747,1756,1759,1823,1889,1900,1908,1912,1930,1965,1976,2012,2023,2087,2102,2125,2173,2214,2224,2226,2230,2232,2241,2243,2265,2279,2320,2339,2363,2370,2379,2388,2396,2430,2471,2487,2528,2590,2596,2613,2622,2637,2668,2694,2697,2709,2738,2748,2838,2886,2917,2922,2945,2964,2968,3000,3003,3011,3015,3025,3028,3063,3077,3086,3092,3098,3102,3116,3166,3180,3196,3204,3210,3222,3225,3234,3237,3284,3303,3331,3366,3379,3449,3472,3540,3549,3555,3577,3598,3602,3605,3625,3628,3633,3658,3668,3676,3712,3722,3725,3893,3903,3918,4055,4069,4074,4081,4093,4096,4102,4116,4126,4166,4171,4244,4256,4276,4305,4331,4375,4377,4380,4405,4500,4508,4518,4541,4575,4604,4693,4709,4735,4789,4829,4834,4840,4903,4937,4953,4993,5040,5054,5194,5251,5255,5315,5378,5392,5414,5423,5431,5467,5477,5508,5512,5516,5529,5551,5560,5565],"medical":[16],"literature":[17],"at":[18,287,434,676,1155,1205,2112,2164,2285,2559,2575,2609,2672,3325,3342,3356,3667,3995,4139,4891],"beginning":[20],"of":[21,31,60,82,89,104,109,118,136,146,156,172,179,206,221,237,244,253,271,283,296,301,347,359,365,375,400,423,431,437,441,478,505,538,549,552,608,615,648,705,712,729,742,755,759,775,785,798,805,813,826,828,846,849,858,878,888,935,942,947,960,969,973,984,994,997,1001,1029,1035,1055,1084,1104,1118,1126,1135,1158,1187,1208,1211,1218,1238,1246,1254,1260,1265,1289,1298,1364,1382,1391,1406,1425,1429,1438,1459,1467,1478,1488,1524,1571,1599,1618,1633,1637,1649,1672,1678,1692,1696,1707,1723,1728,1758,1771,1795,1798,1825,1839,1855,1862,1891,1899,1914,1932,1944,1968,1978,2034,2041,2044,2051,2063,2074,2097,2117,2157,2162,2175,2189,2200,2206,2216,2223,2238,2245,2249,2257,2272,2281,2296,2299,2311,2433,2449,2457,2473,2478,2489,2495,2538,2551,2568,2598,2624,2629,2636,2640,2670,2684,2700,2706,2743,2821,2835,2852,2860,2875,2919,2971,2988,3027,3066,3094,3106,3158,3168,3183,3187,3195,3216,3221,3236,3287,3311,3314,3335,3354,3370,3386,3402,3441,3475,3478,3546,3557,3571,3582,3601,3614,3627,3654,3662,3679,3689,3720,3724,3772,3795,3812,3845,3882,3921,3931,3952,3963,3983,3993,4038,4050,4054,4068,4076,4083,4095,4104,4106,4128,4185,4208,4220,4234,4275,4287,4313,4338,4386,4398,4429,4447,4478,4504,4511,4550,4555,4562,4607,4622,4643,4659,4687,4697,4702,4706,4739,4743,4751,4755,4757,4791,4816,4823,4831,4856,4861,4865,4869,4888,4948,4956,4969,4977,4980,4986,5021,5037,5042,5051,5067,5121,5127,5149,5165,5193,5199,5221,5232,5250,5254,5274,5289,5317,5333,5342,5347,5352,5422,5426,5437,5469,5479,5505,5515,5531,5547,5554,5557,5569,5571,5580,5583],"20th":[23],"century":[24,3143],"an":[26,666,793,1333,1836,2018,2155,2270,2406,2681,2714,3309,4221,4224,4410,4614,4721,4744,4925,5461,5523],"attempt":[27],"to":[28,192,218,263,325,341,353,373,398,405,418,460,502,514,527,536,546,590,596,626,650,681,752,792,836,844,863,1013,1047,1058,1109,1287,1343,1403,1451,1456,1510,1518,1702,1753,1984,2031,2068,2078,2080,2134,2169,2186,2212,2420,2469,2485,2493,2521,2573,2593,2675,2692,2777,2847,2916,2950,2978,3033,3061,3091,3173,3209,3243,3408,3457,3499,3505,3554,3586,3623,3756,3765,3778,3786,3797,3843,3857,3865,3875,3880,3939,3948,3976,3999,4101,4182,4223,4247,4261,4285,4291,4416,4560,4574,4577,4587,4591,4714,4828,4895,4952,4960,5061,5063,5071,5077,5088,5097,5203,5287,5298,5313,5322,5331,5361,5367,5385,5403,5439,5466,5473,5493],"distinguish":[29,1519],"diseases":[30,369,4194],"kidney":[33,3081],"characterized":[34,41,873,2824,3254,4442],"by":[35,42,68,249,329,452,662,875,1332,1367,1386,1431,1462,1496,1746,1764,1849,1866,1964,2000,2203,2269,2292,2308,2348,2443,2546,2794,2825,2983,2996,3055,3255,3448,3576,3917,4122,4336,4346,4359,4368,4396,4443,4529,4665,4760,4788,5147,5206,5522],"exudation":[36],"and":[37,87,92,98,130,138,150,322,335,345,352,357,367,421,487,508,560,569,601,605,611,636,687,698,714,733,749,768,868,883,908,991,1010,1015,1027,1061,1140,1271,1305,1312,1335,1352,1441,1464,1541,1674,1720,1725,1814,1822,1897,1934,1951,2033,2147,2177,2382,2463,2541,2656,2805,2841,2885,2891,2913,2938,2986,2991,3019,3041,3047,3074,3076,3119,3136,3207,3270,3291,3344,3411,3421,3494,3604,3644,3705,3776,3897,3997,4086,4119,4136,4153,4203,4299,4323,4342,4379,4401,4547,4569,4602,4635,4661,4704,4737,4746,4773,4795,4798,4810,4819,4825,4836,4845,4884,4924,4983,5044,5114,5133,5171,5180,5223,5271,5345,5350,5371,5377,5397,5451,5476,5518,5536,5567,5599,5607],"proliferation":[38,2982],"from":[39,80,208,390,1044,1877,2172,2405,2696,2745,3319,3824,4490,5388],"those":[40,3109,3253,3320,5116,5389],"inflammation":[43],"(nephritis).":[44],"As":[45,1123,2587,5175],"it":[46,1309,1324,2785,3527,3972,4023,4089,5006,5155,5212],"became":[47,1031,2786,3161,4090],"apparent":[48,2787,3162],"that":[49,74,159,189,281,314,386,895,1088,1228,1279,1844,1907,2048,2229,2429,2757,2766,2788,2806,2828,2956,3191,3260,3427,3435,3451,3529,3579,3608,3619,3635,3660,3739,3748,3788,3791,3810,4092,4494,5158,5216,5258,5549,5604],"is":[51,101,116,143,153,170,183,293,310,323,385,448,483,540,577,584,641,652,665,800,872,931,950,1074,1078,1099,1160,1221,1225,1231,1257,1268,1277,1318,1325,1340,1372,1378,1384,1398,1416,1485,1554,1579,1586,1606,1630,1700,1711,1732,1929,2324,2341,2441,2530,2583,2618,2650,2689,2708,2713,2750,2823,2882,2888,2904,2911,2976,3059,3266,3294,3328,3437,3446,3468,3516,3696,3698,3706,3763,3784,3815,3895,3905,3923,3968,4040,4057,4099,4131,4278,4302,4334,4344,4366,4389,4441,4513,4583,4652,4663,4680,4692,4770,4774,4873,4950,5007,5023,5248,5464,5471,5485,5501,5586],"not":[52,56,449,2452,3390,3413,3729,3751,3957,4211,4484,4733,4775,4779,4991,5382,5448,5491,5594],"a":[53,58,201,265,284,311,391,479,702,708,715,833,953,958,981,1124,1149,1174,1258,1368,1521,1590,1596,1609,1656,1694,1705,1726,1766,1826,1841,1853,1858,1941,2008,2081,2094,2150,2220,2254,2316,2359,2476,2584,2741,2763,2769,2849,2873,3035,3142,3146,3245,3360,3383,3415,3438,3462,3469,3476,3543,3558,3612,3664,3686,3702,3780,3818,3969,4036,4048,4064,4163,4183,4237,4262,4417,4427,4564,4700,4726,4867,4880,4885,4897,4944,4965,5081,5176,5323,5482,5544],"single":[54,2009,2317,2360,4694],"disease,":[55,713,2717,5320],"even":[57,2060],"group":[59,1854,2628,5546],"related":[61,2914],"diseases,":[62,944,3479],"term":[64],"supplanted":[67],"\u201cnephrotic":[69],"syndrome.\u201d":[70],"clinical":[72,453,989,1133,2676,3802,4158,5119],"features":[73,5253],"characterize":[75],"nephrotic":[77,167,299,470,495,591,617,706,761,776,850,889,900,948,998,1007,1097,1266,1634,1735,1864,1946,2500,2605,2644,2701,2817,3087,3154,3642,3839,4149,4437,4542,4551,4807,4817,5000,5256,5281,5356,5410,5584],"syndrome":[78,300,471,592,618,719,777,890,901,949,1098,1267,1865,1947,2606,3088,3643,4421,4482,4543,4818,5001,5257,5357,5411,5542,5585],"result":[79,103,564,1125,1593],"alterations":[81,105],"glomerular":[84,111,127,133,230,272,349,360,866,880,1847,2993,3197,3629,3646,4070,4227,4320,5172],"capillary":[85,881,3256],"wall":[86],"consist":[88],"heavy":[90,1269],"proteinuria":[91,1060,1203,1572,2525,2671,2827,4016,4147,5205],"hypoalbuminemia,":[93,1011,1139,1479],"often":[94,1256,1371,2881,3058,3364,4662,5610],"associated":[95,898,951,3110,3126,3640,4041,4460,5008],"with":[96,278,693,899,933,952,1050,1504,1734,1880,2026,2057,2196,2235,2253,2274,2326,2555,3111,3127,3176,3461,3641,3941,4042,4297,4598,4699,5009,5244,5430,5453],"edema":[97,387,1076,1278,1293,3290,4812],"generalized":[99,1311],"hyperlipidemia.Proteinuria":[100],"integrity":[108,356],"filtration":[112,317,4321,5173],"barrier.":[113],"This":[114,274,444,1904,2627,3759,4439,5094],"barrier":[115,203],"composed":[117],"three":[119,756,1990,2091],"layers":[120],"series:":[122],"fenestrated":[124],"endothelium,":[125],"basement":[128,231,350,2994,4071,4097,4228],"membrane,":[129,232],"visceral":[132],"epithelium,":[134],"comprised":[135],"podocytes":[137,260,321,2774,3603,5222],"their":[139,2647,4459,5166],"slit":[140,289,308,377,3029,3606],"diaphragms.":[141],"Podocyte":[142],"name":[145,2666],"epithelial":[148,830],"cell,":[149],"foot":[151,174,831,1902,2989],"process":[152,270],"segment":[155],"cell":[158,181,327,2981],"extends":[160,3208],"into":[161,210,407,1884,1926,4839],"urinary":[163,1600],"space.":[164,410],"(In":[165],"syndrome,":[168,707,2645,3485,3489,3840],"there":[169,1073,1792],"effacement":[171,1898,2987],"process,":[175],"but":[176,657,1374,1480,2617,2646,3302,3862,3888,4725,4777,4989],"rest":[178,735],"usually":[182,1415,2553,2649,2903,4327],"preserved.)Endothelial":[184],"cells":[185,1870,1876,1894,1909,1923],"have":[186,338,468,494,500,701,1096,1165,1249,1394,1589,1595,2046,2183,2466,2498,2570,2574,2643,2731,2733,3228,3244,3405,3616,3821,3837,3854,3858,3885,3934,3986,4268,4307,4436,4632,4646,4806,4896,5104,5118,5189,5266,5280,5294,5304,5310,5355,5374,5381,5447,5608],"numerous":[187],"openings":[188],"are":[190,371,731,736,902,1142,1354,1502,1639,1793,1920,2066,2400,2869,2942,3108,3289,3317,3347,3395,3429,3584,3639,3937,4008,4112,4120,4155,4328,4394,4545,4813,4849,5028,5540,5593,5616],"70":[191],"100":[193,1531],"nm":[194],"diameter,":[196],"called":[197],"fenestrae,":[198],"which":[199,233,1507,1644,2798,3363,3394,4585,5034,5048,5592],"form":[200,711,804,2699,2820,3440],"physical":[202],"for":[204,781,810,842,885,1017,1037,1162,1681,1715,1911,1981,1996,2017,2262,2343,2365,2383,2418,2661,2768,2800,3079,3650,3671,3684,3769,3833,3907,3960,4629,4674,5444],"passage":[205,236],"macromolecules":[207],"plasma":[209,394,598,1842,4461],"renal":[212,419,533,744,923,1018,1150,1153,1171,2601,2653,2664,2974,3004,3169,3217,3361,3416,3463,4001,4294,4315,4354,4361,5135,5233,5239,5290,5319],"tubule.":[213,5056],"Electron":[214,3022],"microscopic":[215,929,1229],"studies":[216,499,964,1086,2040,2104,5265],"led":[217,751],"identification":[220,754,5579],"negatively":[222],"charged":[223],"particles":[224],"(heparan":[225],"sulfate":[226],"proteoglycans)":[227],"preclude":[234],"anionic":[238,4452],"macromolecules,":[239],"such":[240,332,1005,1832,2409,2927,3044,3129,3850,4523],"as":[241,333,1006,1241,1243,1329,1387,1389,1655,1713,1916,1918,1938,1940,2007,2315,2358,2410,2564,2566,2589,2928,2961,2963,3045,3130,3145,3308,3830,3851,3979,3981,4026,4028,4063,4144,4243,4407,4409,4426,4524,4538,4540,4639,4641,4655,4657,4771,4934,4936,5458,5460,5496,5498],"albumin.":[242,1511],"Removal":[243],"these":[245,943,1085,3336,3428,3637,3798,3813,3825,5572],"charges":[246],"animals":[248],"situ":[251,4226],"perfusion":[252],"heparitinase":[254],"resulted":[255,979],"proteinuria.Until":[257],"recently,":[258],"were":[261,525,1020,1025,2109,4893,5201,5401],"considered":[262,1631,1701,4009,4933],"play":[264],"passive":[266],"role":[267,1377],"filtration.":[273],"concept":[275],"changed":[276,790],"dramatically":[277],"discovery":[280,3659],"mutation":[282],"protein":[285,379,1396,1489,1522,1601,1738,1843,2770,2803,3665,4249,4402,4862,5558],"located":[286,2772,3666,4113],"diaphragm,":[290],"named":[291],"nephrin,":[292,3663],"cause":[295,1770,2812,3723,3757,4428,4505,5566],"congenital":[298,2695,3134],"Finnish":[303,2710],"type":[304,2705],"(CNF).":[305],"(1)":[306,2782],"diaphragm":[309,378],"thin":[312,2992],"membrane":[313,351,4229,4451],"bridges":[315],"pores":[318],"between":[319,987,1520,1665,1717,3419],"adjacent":[320],"anchored":[324],"cytoskeleton":[328],"adaptor":[330],"proteins":[331,3615,3638,5506],"podocin":[334],"CD2AP.":[336],"Podocytes":[337],"been":[339,458,624,679,1663,1788,1949,1956,2184,2210,2467,2483,2571,2734,3567,3574,3594,3617,3657,3730,3737,3775,3822,3855,3873,3974,4212,4269,4308,4424,4486,4613,5214,5311,5359,5375,5383,5449,5575],"found":[340,513,1664,2211,2468,2776,4653,4894,5215,5312,5360,5384],"affect":[342,4374],"structure":[344,3600],"function":[346,1786,2654,4572,5240],"regulate":[354],"survival":[358],"endothelial":[361,5334],"cells.":[362,2865],"A":[363,910,1152,1196,1357,1380,1659,1775,2072,2322,2426,2854,3910,4469,5235],"number":[364,1784,2477,3385,3613],"acquired":[366,3483],"inherited":[368],"now":[370],"attributed":[372],"defects":[374],"complex":[380],"(Table":[381,738,938,1003,1180],"1).The":[382],"classic":[383],"theory":[384],"formation":[388],"results":[389,1548,3070,3951,4306,4719,4790],"decrease":[392,482,1776,2213,4565,4994],"oncotic":[395,603],"pressure":[396,604,5170],"due":[397,595,791,1401,2520,3090,3553,3585,4100,4181,4260,4589,4951,5330],"loss":[399,1405,3065,3215,4397,4554,4830,5220,5504,5556],"serum":[401,567,1176,1412,2539,2900,5107],"albumin,":[402],"causing":[403],"water":[404,1460,5474],"extravasate":[406],"interstitial":[409,2522],"Such":[411,4392],"movement":[412],"reduces":[413],"intravascular":[415,4332,5122],"volume,":[416],"leading":[417,535,861,2674,4415],"hypoperfusion":[420],"stimulation":[422],"renin-angiotensin-aldosterone":[425],"(RAA)":[426],"system.":[427],"Aldosterone":[428],"increases":[429,1804],"reabsorption":[430,511,5036,5050],"sodium,":[432],"particularly":[433,473,670,1641,3252,5099],"level":[436,1008],"distal":[439,5055],"segments":[440,857],"nephron.":[443],"hypothesis,":[445],"although":[446,3693,3761,3817,4022,4215,4304,5487],"attractive,":[447],"supported":[450,3447],"fully":[451],"findings.":[454],"Plasma":[455],"volume":[456,4333,5123],"has":[457,623,678,778,789,1662,1787,1948,1955,2209,2482,2504,3542,3566,3573,3593,3656,3728,3736,3774,3800,3808,3841,3872,3973,4210,4423,4483,4595,4612,5213,5358,5574,5598],"shown":[459,3856],"decreased":[462,922],"only":[463,1071,2153,2545,3193,3685,3701,3708,4850,5004],"some":[465,859,3084,3188,3452,3512,3580,4433],"children":[466,633,700,1094,1105,1129,1247,1392,1687,1716,2045,2075,2099,2260,2436,2641,2868,3151,3345,3403,3453,3835,3984,4135,4971,5102,5353,5407,5517],"who":[467,493,1039,1095,1106,1130,1164,1248,1393,1588,2076,2105,2120,2399,2437,2497,2642,2730,3152,3404,3454,3836,3884,3933,3985,4254,4435,4631,4645,4805,4878,4972,5059,5103,5117,5279,5303,5354,5408,5446],"minimal-change":[469],"(MCNS),":[472],"during":[474,655,1233,2124,2579,2612,2830],"initial":[476,2052,2118,2130,2143,2194,2239,2380,2397],"phase":[477],"relapse.":[480],"absent":[484,490],"others":[486,3433],"almost":[488,2754],"always":[489,5595],"adults":[492],"syndrome.":[496,851,999,1736,2501,3155,4150,4438,4552,4808,5282],"In":[497,913,940,1321,2141,2219,2475,2740,2761,3083,3398,3511,3868,4231,4964],"addition,":[498,3399],"failed":[501],"demonstrate":[503],"elevation":[504],"RAA":[506],"hormones,":[507],"increased":[509,667,1465,1763,1796,4603,4722,5272],"sodium":[510,539,1444,4824,5038,5052,5470,5499],"continue":[515,3864],"when":[516,1072,1215,1282,1551,1576,1583,2085,2369,2387,2527,3165,3892,4330,4627,4906,5005,5527],"albumin":[517,599,1407,1413,1426,2901,2920,4341,4832,4847,5069,5108],"infused":[519],"or":[520,724,1080,1173,1193,1252,1558,1564,1581,1611,1625,1780,1785,1820,1871,1882,2059,2138,2560,2611,2663,2863,3051,3185,3279,3388,3744,3947,4035,4044,4148,4159,4180,4348,4458,4506,4650,4667,4763,4921,5015,5138,5145,5186,5337],"angiotensin-converting":[521],"enzyme":[522],"(ACE)":[523],"inhibitors":[524,5161,5179,5218],"administered":[526,5084],"suppress":[528],"renin":[529],"production.":[530],"An":[531,1616,4682],"intrinsic":[532],"abnormality":[534],"retention":[537,548,1284,1458,4822,5475],"postulated.":[541,1789],"Vasopressin":[542],"excess":[543],"also":[544,1198,2465,2790,2941,3123,3327,3497,3853,4372,4422,4472,4611,4800,5228,5241,5284,5309,5539],"contributes":[545,4559],"water.Increased":[550],"concentrations":[551,1437,2540,2834,4446,5109,5400],"very":[553,4132,5105],"low-density":[554,561],"lipoprotein":[555,558,562,574,2933],"(VLDL),":[556],"intermediate-density":[557],"(IDL),":[559],"(LDL)":[563],"elevated":[566,4445],"cholesterol":[568,582],"triglycerides":[570],"concentrations.":[571],"high-density":[573],"(HDL)":[575],"fraction":[576],"normal.":[578],"Consequently,":[579],"LDL/HDL":[581],"ratio":[583,647,1653],"increased.":[585],"Several":[586,5264],"mechanisms":[587],"allegedly":[588],"contribute":[589,4573,5286],"dyslipidemia:":[593],"overproduction":[594],"low":[597,602,1175,1299,1423,1476,5106],"concentration":[600,1397,1414,1424,1484,1487,1523,2902,2918],"impaired":[606,4570],"catabolism":[607],"apolipoprotein":[609],"B":[610,4557],"VLDL":[612],"chylomicrons.The":[613],"incidence":[614,704,774,797,2488,2719,2749,4385,5273],"idiopathic":[616,760,1863],"United":[621],"States":[622],"reported":[625,680,1385,2185,2484,2572,2735,3874,3975,4270,5202,5390,5402],"2.7":[628],"new":[629],"cases":[630,730,848,891,3581,4233,4756],"per":[631,634,643,1623,1628,1741,1972,2004,2331,2352,2414,2724],"100,000":[632,644],"year,":[635,2616],"cumulative":[638,2447],"prevalence":[639],"rate":[640,2234,2256,2267,4322,4913],"16":[642],"children.":[645],"males":[649],"females":[651],"approximately":[653,811,886,1222,1525],"2:1":[654],"childhood,":[656],"sex":[659],"difference":[660],"wanes":[661],"adolescence.":[663],"There":[664,2065,4610],"familial":[668],"incidence,":[669],"among":[671],"siblings.":[672],"mean":[674,2874,4886,4898],"age":[675,2178,2623,3324,3932,3994,4887],"onset":[677,1363,3326,3996,4892],"3.4":[683],"years":[684,689,1691,1722,2182,3163,3930,3992,4007,4890,4909,5153],"Asians":[686],"4.2":[688],"Europeans.":[691],"Compared":[692],"other":[694,2925,4204,4349],"populations,":[695],"African":[696,3274],"American":[697,5424],"Hispanic":[699],"greater":[703,2242],"more":[709,1619,1729,2374,2619,2633,3268,3271,3295,3745,4688,4715,4752],"severe":[710,1168,3439,5010],"poorer":[716],"prognosis.":[717],"(2)Nephrotic":[718],"can":[720,896,1313,1493,1743,1761,1845,2054,2517,2791,2957,3124,4137,4176,4356,4373,5142],"primary":[722,732,1033,1945,4179,4501,4854,5252],"(idiopathic)":[723],"secondary.":[725],"Among":[726],"children,":[727,808,1643,4015,4288,4923],"90%":[728,2029,2494,4754],"secondary":[737,5134],"2).":[739,1960],"advent":[741,3167],"percutaneous":[743],"biopsy":[745,1154,1197,3170,3464],"1950s":[748],"1960s":[750],"histologic":[757,786,992,3368,3473,4173,5590],"types":[758,787,3719],"syndrome:":[762],"MCNS,":[763,1915,2027,2107,3283,3301,4949,4974],"focal":[764],"segmental":[765],"glomerulosclerosis":[766],"(FSGS),":[767],"membranous":[769],"nephropathy":[770],"(MN).":[771],"Whereas":[772],"remained":[779,2121],"stable":[780],"decades,":[782],"distribution":[784],"apparently":[788,2582],"increase":[794,1846,2277,4411,4615],"FSGS.MCNS":[799],"most":[802,1273,2293,2703,3508,3733,3834,4013,4580],"common":[803,835,1274,1355,2620,2704,3269,4581,5552],"disease":[806,1366,3181,3288,3514,3541,3726,3753,3964,4002,4175,4277],"accounting":[809],"85%":[812],"cases.":[814,4051],"On":[815],"light":[816,2984],"microscopy,":[817,4088],"glomeruli":[819,3020,3189,3387],"appear":[820,3242],"normal;":[821],"electron":[822,2997,4087],"microscopy":[823,2985,3023],"allows":[824,1515],"detection":[825],"fusion":[827],"processes,":[832],"finding":[834,1905,3148],"all":[837,847,941,2736],"proteinuric":[838],"states.":[839],"FSGS":[840,1883,3175,3265,3298,3338,3406,3422,3436,3572,3583,3936],"accounts":[841,884,3670],"10%":[843,2635],"15%":[845],"Scar":[852],"tissue":[853,1300,2862,3380,4525],"develops":[854,4017],"initially":[855,1295,2515,3455,4061],"glomeruli,":[860,3393],"eventually":[862,1107,2657],"global,":[864],"extensive":[865],"sclerosis":[867,3186],"tubular":[869],"atrophy.":[870],"MN":[871,4130,4209],"histologically":[874],"diffuse":[876,3112],"thickening":[877,4067],"walls":[882],"4%":[887],"children.Other":[893],"glomerulopathies":[894],"mesangioproliferative":[903],"glomerulonephritis":[904],"(MPGN),":[905],"lupus":[906,1190],"nephritis,":[907],"immunoglobulin":[909],"(IgA)":[911],"nephropathy.":[912],"first":[915,1115,1235,2126,2371,2389,2614,2965,2969,4509,5019],"two":[916,2304,2335,3332,3430,3743],"conditions,":[917,4186],"nephritic":[918],"findings":[919,2845,4161,4267],"(hematuria,":[920],"hypertension,":[921,1169],"function)":[924],"predominate;":[925],"third,":[928],"hematuria":[930,937,1230,1255,2163,4152],"interspersed":[932],"episodes":[934],"macroscopic":[936,1166],"3).":[939,2424],"occurrence":[946],"guarded-to-poor":[954],"prognosis.In":[955],"1970s,":[957],"series":[959],"prospective,":[961,3912],"controlled,":[962,3913],"multicenter":[963],"performed":[965,1201,1607,3699],"under":[966],"aegis":[968],"International":[971],"Study":[972],"Kidney":[974],"Disease":[975],"Children":[977],"(ISKDC)":[978],"better":[982,3246],"understanding":[983],"relationships":[986],"course":[990,2152,4274,4883],"characteristics":[993],"various":[995,5581],"forms":[996,3105,3682,5582],"Definitions":[1000],"terms":[1002],"4),":[1004],"albuminuria":[1009,1896],"response":[1012,1220,2053,2131,2381,3355],"therapy,":[1014,1214,2595],"indications":[1016],"biopsy,":[1019,3362],"established.":[1021],"Various":[1022],"therapeutic":[1023,3860,3954],"regimens":[1024],"tested,":[1026],"prevention":[1028],"relapse":[1030,2233,2255,2266,2323,2372,2390,2434,2578,3890],"goal":[1034,4855],"therapy":[1036,1064,1146,3410,3768,4784,4857,4927,5022],"patients":[1038,1163,1878,2024,2496,2569,2630,2729,3503,3799,3883,3889,4310,4434,4630,4644,4660,4804,4877,5058,5278,5302,5445],"had":[1040,2106,3153,4879,4973,5305,5409],"MCNS.":[1041,1250,3322,3442],"Care":[1042],"shifted":[1043],"hospital":[1046],"home,":[1049],"emphasis":[1051],"on":[1052,1144,1608,1802,1975,2014,2354,2773,3349,4170,5168,5238,5419,5589,5602],"daily":[1053,1212,2088,2201,2300,4975],"monitoring":[1054,2537],"urine":[1057,1492,1553,1578,1585,1614,1638,1651,1673,2340,4406,4835,5509],"detect":[1059],"initiate":[1062],"prednisone":[1063,1145,2089,2197,2313,3351],"early.":[1065],"Today,":[1066],"hospitalization":[1067],"necessary":[1070],"incapacitating":[1075],"(which":[1077,4558],"preventable)":[1079],"infection.A":[1081],"major":[1082,3285,3970],"conclusion":[1083],"best":[1090,4695],"prognostic":[1091,3229],"indicator":[1092],"steroid":[1100,1213,1262,2594,3177,3409,3506,4871],"responsiveness.":[1101],"Ninety-five":[1102],"percent":[1103,2116],"respond":[1108,2079,2084,3407,3456,3504,5062],"steroids":[1110,3458,3944,4298,4731,4957],"do":[1111,3249,3412,3509,3750,4732],"so":[1112],"within":[1113,2167,2392,3224,4018],"4":[1116,1209,1997,2020,2181,3357],"weeks":[1117,1210,1237,2199,2205,2298,2310,2386,2422,3358,5198],"treatment":[1119,1962,2195,2282,2288,2440,2529,3031,3069,3904,3940,4056,4512,5003,5095,5200,5452],"(Fig.":[1120,1959,2423],"1).":[1121],"(3)":[1122],"observation,":[1128],"fulfill":[1131],"criteria":[1134],"MCNS":[1136,1772,1881,3420],"(heavy":[1137],"proteinuria,":[1138,1270,5163],"hyperlipidemia)":[1141],"started":[1143,1937,3348,5457],"without":[1147],"undergoing":[1148,1924],"biopsy.":[1151],"time":[1157],"diagnosis":[1159,1943,2851,2856,4167,4365],"indicated":[1161],"hematuria,":[1167],"persistent":[1170,5306],"insufficiency,":[1172,2514],"C3":[1177],"complement":[1178,4496],"value":[1179,1473,1706,1727,3307],"5).":[1181],"These":[1182,2947,4325,5292,5326],"signs":[1183,3286,4312,4326,4736,5120],"may":[1184,1445,1474,1549,1573,1834,2403,2607,2811,3227,3374,3754,4024,4473,4498,4801,5091,5130,5229,5259,5285,5328,5510],"indicative":[1186,1632],"MPGN,":[1188],"systemic":[1189,5336],"erythematosus":[1191],"(SLE),":[1192],"postinfectious":[1194],"glomerulonephritis.":[1195],"if":[1202,3378,3902],"persists":[1204],"end":[1207,3519],"chance":[1217,3078],"subsequent":[1219,2246],"5%.":[1223],"It":[1224,3735,3783,4142],"worth":[1226,5617],"noting":[1227],"present":[1232],"few":[1236,1369,2190,3703,3819],"illness":[1239],"many":[1242,1388,2565,3980,4640,4656,5296],"one":[1244,2577,5249],"third":[1245],"Persistence":[1251],"recurrence":[1253],"sign":[1259,1276],"impending":[1261],"resistance.The":[1263],"hallmark":[1264],"presenting":[1275],"becomes":[1280,1310,3017],"visible":[1281],"fluid":[1283,2840,2880,4670,4684,4711,4793,5488],"exceeds":[1285],"3%":[1286],"5%":[1288],"body":[1290,1682,5074],"weight.":[1291],"Usually,":[1292],"appears":[1294,3202,5096],"areas":[1297],"resistance":[1301],"(ie,":[1302,4317],"periorbital,":[1303,1326],"scrotal,":[1304],"labial":[1306],"regions).":[1307],"Ultimately,":[1308],"massive":[1315,2826,2912,3064,4821,5555],"(anasarca).":[1316],"Edema":[1317,2890],"characteristically":[1319],"dependent.":[1320],"morning,":[1323,2013],"frequently":[1327,4881],"misinterpreted":[1328],"being":[1330,2690,2722,3831],"caused":[1331,1461,2793,4358,4395,4759],"allergy,":[1334],"later":[1336,3164],"day":[1339,1624],"localized":[1341],"primarily":[1342,1402,4590,5588],"lower":[1345,4727],"extremities.":[1346],"Anorexia,":[1347],"irritability,":[1348],"fatigue,":[1349],"abdominal":[1350,2892],"discomfort,":[1351],"diarrhea":[1353],"symptoms.":[1356],"respiratory":[1358,5013],"tract":[1359],"infection":[1360,4582],"preceding":[1361],"days":[1370,2171],"reported,":[1373],"its":[1375,2718,3306,4837],"pathogenetic":[1376],"doubtful.":[1379],"history":[1381],"allergy":[1383],"50%":[1390,3881,3982,4286],"MCNS.Plasma":[1395],"reduced":[1399,2442,4596],"markedly,":[1400],"urine;":[1410],"below":[1417,2905,4902],"2.5":[1418,4900],"g/dL":[1419,2907,5111],"(25":[1420],"g/L).":[1421,2909],"stimulates":[1427],"synthesis":[1428],"lipids":[1430],"liver,":[1433],"resulting":[1434,3212],"high":[1436,3544,4620],"cholesterol,":[1439],"triglycerides,":[1440],"lipoproteins.":[1442],"Serum":[1443],"decreased,":[1447],"due,":[1448],"part,":[1450,1455],"hyperlipidemia":[1452],"and,":[1453,4958,5526],"hypovolemia":[1463,5132],"secretion":[1466],"antidiuretic":[1468],"hormone.":[1469],"total":[1471,4045],"calcium":[1472,1483,4987,5537],"because":[1477,2456],"ionized":[1482],"normal.The":[1486],"estimated":[1495],"dipstick":[1498,1592],"method.":[1499],"strips":[1501],"impregnated":[1503],"tetrabromophenol":[1505],"blue,":[1506],"reacts":[1508],"preferentially":[1509],"color":[1513],"change":[1514],"reader":[1517],"30":[1526,5087],"mg/dL":[1527,1532,1537,1543],"(300":[1528],"g/L)":[1529,1534,1539,1545],"(1+),":[1530],"(1,000":[1533],"(2+),":[1535],"300":[1536],"(3,000":[1538],"(3+),":[1540],"1,000":[1542],"(10,000":[1544],"(4+).":[1546],"False-positive":[1547],"occur":[1550,2608,3261,3977,4282,4637,4802],"alkaline":[1555],"(pH":[1556],">7)":[1557],"contains":[1559,3382],"blood,":[1560],"pus,":[1561],"mucus,":[1562],"semen,":[1563],"vaginal":[1565],"secretions.":[1566],"By":[1567]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-08T12:12:28.789561","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
