{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1998269496","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1520/jai102725","title":"Test Method for Determining the Efflorescence Potential of Masonry Materials Based on Soluble Salt Content","display_name":"Test Method for Determining the Efflorescence Potential of Masonry Materials Based on Soluble Salt Content","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1998269496","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1520/jai102725","mag":"1998269496"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1520/jai102725","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1520/jai102725","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1520/jai102725","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S189811788","display_name":"Journal of ASTM International","issn_l":"1546-962X","issn":["1546-962X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316053","host_organization_name":"ASM International","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316053"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["ASM International"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of ASTM International","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"standard","is_traditional":false,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060890838","display_name":"John P. Sanders","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1655-8319","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1655-8319"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8078737","display_name":"Clemson University","ror":"https://ror.org/037s24f05","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8078737"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John P. Sanders","raw_affiliation_strings":["The National Brick Research Center, Clemson Univ. 1 Ph.D., P. E., , 100 Clemson Research Blvd., Anderson, SC29625 , e-mail: jpsand@clemson.edu"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The National Brick Research Center, Clemson Univ. 1 Ph.D., P. E., , 100 Clemson Research Blvd., Anderson, SC29625 , e-mail: jpsand@clemson.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8078737"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021654078","display_name":"Denis Albert Brosnan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8078737","display_name":"Clemson University","ror":"https://ror.org/037s24f05","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8078737"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Denis A. Brosnan","raw_affiliation_strings":["The National Brick Research Center, Clemson Univ. 2 Ph.D., P. E., , 100 Clemson Research Blvd., Anderson, SC29625 , e-mail: bdenis@clemson.edu"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The National Brick Research Center, Clemson Univ. 2 Ph.D., P. E., , 100 Clemson Research Blvd., Anderson, SC29625 , e-mail: bdenis@clemson.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8078737"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8078737"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":"5","first_page":"1","last_page":"11"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11643","display_name":"Building materials and conservation","score":0.986299991607666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1904","display_name":"Earth-Surface Processes"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11643","display_name":"Building materials and conservation","score":0.986299991607666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1904","display_name":"Earth-Surface Processes"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12105","display_name":"Hygrothermal properties of building materials","score":0.004999999888241291,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10033","display_name":"Concrete and Cement Materials Research","score":0.003700000001117587,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/efflorescence","display_name":"efflorescence","score":0.8920000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/masonry-materials","display_name":"masonry materials","score":0.9440000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soluble-salts","display_name":"soluble salts","score":0.8619999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soluble-sulfate","display_name":"soluble sulfate","score":0.5889999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leaching","display_name":"leaching","score":0.5770000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ion-chromatography","display_name":"ion chromatography","score":0.9290000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/masonry-walls","display_name":"masonry walls","score":0.7379999756813049}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91464221","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q778128","display_name":"Efflorescence","level":2,"score":0.997829794883728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C535899295","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q272999","display_name":"Masonry","level":2,"score":0.8824260234832764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776371256","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12370","display_name":"Salt (chemistry)","level":2,"score":0.6583430767059326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90982505","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16938886","display_name":"Leaching (pedology)","level":3,"score":0.5607185363769531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778343803","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172290","display_name":"Sulfate","level":2,"score":0.517164409160614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.5068164467811584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24939127","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q373499","display_name":"Water content","level":2,"score":0.44871336221694946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199289684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83353","display_name":"Mineralogy","level":1,"score":0.340692937374115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77595967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3151013","display_name":"Forensic engineering","level":1,"score":0.32655367255210876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.3245704770088196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.3215998113155365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187320778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349130","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","level":1,"score":0.2910434603691101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.28280937671661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.2812964916229248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191897082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467","display_name":"Metallurgy","level":1,"score":0.14695891737937927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159750122","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96621023","display_name":"Soil water","level":2,"score":0.12376481294631958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159390177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9161265","display_name":"Soil science","level":1,"score":0.08343169093132019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.08069700002670288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.07877975702285767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147789679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11372","display_name":"Physical chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1520/jai102725","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1520/jai102725","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1520/jai102725","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S189811788","display_name":"Journal of ASTM International","issn_l":"1546-962X","issn":["1546-962X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316053","host_organization_name":"ASM International","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316053"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["ASM International"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of ASTM International","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1798176003","https://openalex.org/W1978176227","https://openalex.org/W2003228346","https://openalex.org/W2017080184","https://openalex.org/W2026196378","https://openalex.org/W2052044298","https://openalex.org/W2057461299","https://openalex.org/W2060364113","https://openalex.org/W2070483405","https://openalex.org/W2074457079","https://openalex.org/W2083378077","https://openalex.org/W2116011750"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1798176003","https://openalex.org/W7000126052","https://openalex.org/W2887873731","https://openalex.org/W2116011750","https://openalex.org/W1808359518","https://openalex.org/W654547110","https://openalex.org/W2081351068","https://openalex.org/W7063796850","https://openalex.org/W1979909360","https://openalex.org/W2110264467"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"A":[1,105,129],"single":[2],"test":[3,51],"method":[4,52],"that":[5,45,136],"is":[6,20,27,47],"capable":[7],"of":[8,35,72,81,97,107,125,144],"determining":[9],"the":[10,42,58,69,77,92,98,123,142,153],"efflorescence":[11,70,109,146,160],"potential":[12,71,140],"for":[13,24,33,53,132,141],"all":[14,54],"materials":[15,117],"in":[16,29,38],"a":[17,49,84,138],"masonry":[18,55,73,82,116],"system":[19],"needed.":[21],"The":[22],"need":[23],"preconstruction":[25],"testing":[26],"referenced":[28],"ASTM":[30],"C1400-1\u2014\u201cStandard":[31],"Guide":[32],"Reduction":[34],"Efflorescence":[36],"Potential":[37],"New":[39],"Masonry":[40],"Walls\u201d\u2014but":[41],"standard":[43],"acknowledges":[44],"there":[46],"not":[48],"suitable":[50],"materials.":[56,74],"In":[57],"past,":[59],"soluble":[60,133],"salt":[61,79,100,112,127],"measurements":[62],"have":[63],"been":[64,119,148],"used":[65,120],"to":[66,90,121],"quantitatively":[67],"access":[68],"To":[75],"determine":[76,122],"water-soluble":[78,99,126,156],"content":[80,101,135],"materials,":[83],"simple":[85],"leaching":[86],"procedure":[87],"was":[88],"developed":[89],"remove":[91],"salts":[93,151],"followed":[94],"by":[95,102],"quantification":[96],"ion":[103],"chromatography.":[104],"series":[106],"modified":[108],"tests":[110],"using":[111],"solutions":[113],"and":[114],"real":[115],"has":[118,147],"significance":[124],"measurements.":[128],"clear":[130],"threshold":[131],"sulfate":[134],"indicates":[137],"high":[139],"development":[143],"visible":[145],"identified.":[149],"Sulfate":[150],"are":[152],"most":[154],"common":[155],"compounds":[157],"associated":[158],"with":[159],"complaints.":[161]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}