{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1998269403","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1608/frj-1.1.6","title":"The Role of Specially Designated Wildlife Sites in Freshwater Conservation \u2014 An English Perspective","display_name":"The Role of Specially Designated Wildlife Sites in Freshwater Conservation \u2014 An English Perspective","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1998269403","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1608/frj-1.1.6","mag":"1998269403"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1608/frj-1.1.6","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1608/frj-1.1.6","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1608/frj-1.1.6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S182448067","display_name":"Freshwater Reviews","issn_l":"1755-084X","issn":["1755-084X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Freshwater Reviews","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075531435","display_name":"Chris P. Mainstone","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1326116301","display_name":"Natural England","ror":"https://ror.org/00r66pz14","country_code":"GB","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1326116301","https://openalex.org/I1326803253","https://openalex.org/I2802373619"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chris P. Mainstone","raw_affiliation_strings":["Natural England, Northminster House, Peterborough, Combs, PE1 1UA. Email: chris.mainstone@naturalengland.org.uk","The views expressed in this article are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect Natural England policy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Natural England, Northminster House, Peterborough, Combs, PE1 1UA. Email: chris.mainstone@naturalengland.org.uk","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1326116301"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The views expressed in this article are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect Natural England policy","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5075531435"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1326116301"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.5089,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81026418,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"1","issue":"1","first_page":"89","last_page":"98"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10302","display_name":"Fish Ecology and Management Studies","score":0.6621000170707703,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2309","display_name":"Nature and Landscape Conservation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10302","display_name":"Fish Ecology and Management Studies","score":0.6621000170707703,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2309","display_name":"Nature and Landscape Conservation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13394","display_name":"Ecology, Conservation, and Geographical Studies","score":0.08609999716281891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2309","display_name":"Nature and Landscape Conservation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14106","display_name":"Environmental and Sediment Control","score":0.02459999918937683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2308","display_name":"Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/freshwater-conservation","display_name":"freshwater conservation","score":0.8529999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/water-framework-directive","display_name":"Water Framework Directive","score":0.8220000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-england","display_name":"Natural England","score":0.6100000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/english-nature","display_name":"English Nature","score":0.9819999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biodiversity-conservation","display_name":"biodiversity conservation","score":0.42500001192092896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/climate-change-adaptation","display_name":"climate change adaptation","score":0.7609999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nature-conservation-policy","display_name":"nature conservation policy","score":0.7630000114440918}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158129432","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7766927","display_name":"Statutory law","level":2,"score":0.66130131483078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108170787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3951828","display_name":"Agency (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.6483944058418274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29376679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q241741","display_name":"Wildlife","level":2,"score":0.6452827453613281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778137410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732820","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5846190452575684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91375879","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15473274","display_name":"Environmental planning","level":1,"score":0.5388412475585938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130217890","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47041","display_name":"Biodiversity","level":2,"score":0.5387450456619263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107826830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q929380","display_name":"Environmental resource management","level":1,"score":0.5381691455841064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776608160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4785462","display_name":"Natural (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.49658137559890747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29985473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188460","display_name":"Natural resource","level":2,"score":0.4807174503803253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779547435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1121492","display_name":"Directive","level":2,"score":0.43052423000335693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777961954","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759874","display_name":"Habitats Directive","level":3,"score":0.4288962483406067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147366489","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q766328","display_name":"Wildlife conservation","level":3,"score":0.41742873191833496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.39729517698287964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.3914509415626526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95124753","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q875686","display_name":"Environmental ethics","level":1,"score":0.3728516697883606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.3227142095565796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.20811572670936584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.11781811714172363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.11540165543556213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.08213531970977783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1608/frj-1.1.6","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1608/frj-1.1.6","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1608/frj-1.1.6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S182448067","display_name":"Freshwater Reviews","issn_l":"1755-084X","issn":["1755-084X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Freshwater Reviews","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:10.1608/FRJ-1.1.6","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.bioone.org/doi/10.1608/FRJ-1.1.6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402358","display_name":"BioOne Complete (BioOne)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210111627","host_organization_name":"BioOne","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210111627"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:aquadocs.org:1834/22840","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1834/22840","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196339","display_name":"AquaDocs  (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1293226324","host_organization_name":"UNESCO","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1293226324"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5336","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life on land","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","score":0.9599999785423279},{"display_name":"Clean water and sanitation","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6","score":0.6618000268936157}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W25951337","https://openalex.org/W1581506616","https://openalex.org/W2060406119","https://openalex.org/W2083667905","https://openalex.org/W2127384879","https://openalex.org/W2157152201","https://openalex.org/W2320893717","https://openalex.org/W4300494718","https://openalex.org/W6960092588"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2157152201","https://openalex.org/W4413867969","https://openalex.org/W2094447701","https://openalex.org/W1484912016","https://openalex.org/W3026753297","https://openalex.org/W1994382396","https://openalex.org/W2067651183","https://openalex.org/W4367675053","https://openalex.org/W2475005939","https://openalex.org/W1526750619"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,23,168,269],"value":[1,282],"of":[2,36,49,59,68,77,86,89,102,124,128,142,180,227,234,259,271,283],"specially":[3],"designated":[4,60,78,144,196,266,285],"sites":[5,61,79,146,197,217],"in":[6,18,31,134,147,198,206,249,279],"conserving":[7],"biodiversity":[8],"has":[9,26],"been":[10,27],"a":[11,82,121,207],"hotly":[12],"debated":[13],"issue":[14],"for":[15,44,117,161,195,223],"many":[16],"years":[17],"the":[19,34,39,45,50,54,57,64,72,75,87,90,107,125,135,150,157,178,181,221,228,242,250,257,281,284,290],"UK":[20],"and":[21,47,53,111,119,170,187,253,277],"elsewhere.":[22],"debate":[24],"recently":[25],"given":[28],"fresh":[29],"impetus":[30],"England":[32,148],"by":[33,165],"creation":[35],"Natural":[37,166],"England,":[38],"new":[40],"Government":[41,213],"Agency":[42],"responsible":[43],"protection":[46],"enhancement":[48],"natural":[51],"environment,":[52,74],"challenges":[55],"facing":[56],"management":[58,101,129,204,226],"resulting":[62],"from":[63,153],"increasingly":[65],"tangible":[66],"effects":[67],"climate":[69,260],"change.":[70],"In":[71],"freshwater":[73,136,145,199,230,251,273,286,292],"role":[76,192],"is":[80,193,295],"under":[81],"particular":[83],"spotlight":[84],"because":[85],"implementation":[88],"European":[91,184],"\u2018Water":[92],"Framework":[93],"Directive\u2019,":[94],"which":[95,201],"aspires":[96],"to":[97,177,240,254,289],"holistic,":[98],"ecologically":[99],"based":[100],"aquatic":[103],"habitats.This":[104],"paper":[105],"explores":[106],"underlying":[108],"premises":[109],"of,":[110],"rationale":[112],"for,":[113],"special":[114],"site":[115,267,287],"designations":[116,132],"wildlife":[118],"provides":[120],"frank":[122],"account":[123],"inevitable":[126],"clash":[127],"philosophies":[130],"that":[131,209],"create":[133],"environment.":[137],"It":[138],"draws":[139],"on":[140],"experiences":[141],"managing":[143],"over":[149],"past":[151],"decade":[152],"within":[154,265],"English":[155],"Nature,":[156],"former":[158],"statutory":[159],"agency":[160],"nature":[162],"conservation":[163],"(succeeded":[164],"England).":[167],"issues":[169],"principles":[171],"discussed,":[172],"are":[173,238],"however,":[174],"highly":[175],"relevant":[176],"rest":[179],"UK,":[182],"other":[183],"Member":[185],"States":[186],"countries":[188],"further":[189],"afield.A":[190],"positive":[191],"outlined":[194],"conservation,":[200],"addresses":[202],"these":[203,216],"conflicts":[205],"way":[208,222],"not":[210],"only":[211],"meets":[212],"obligations":[214],"towards":[215],"but":[218],"also":[219],"paves":[220],"informed,":[224],"progressive":[225],"wider":[229,291],"resource.":[231],"As":[232],"part":[233],"this":[235],"account,":[236],"attempts":[237],"made":[239],"clarify":[241],"relationship":[243],"between":[244],"key":[245],"biodiversity-related":[246],"policy":[247],"drivers":[248],"environment":[252],"explain":[255],"how":[256],"spectre":[258],"change":[261],"can":[262],"be":[263],"addressed":[264],"management.":[268],"importance":[270],"strategic":[272],"science,":[274],"collaboratively":[275],"designed":[276],"funded,":[278],"maximising":[280],"network":[288],"habitat":[293],"resource,":[294],"stressed.":[296]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
