{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1998169757","doi":"https://doi.org/10.14430/arctic1636","title":"Observations on the Ice-Breaking and Ice Navigation Behavior of Migrating Bowhead Whales (Balaena Mysticetus) near Point Barrow, Alaska, Spring 1985","display_name":"Observations on the Ice-Breaking and Ice Navigation Behavior of Migrating Bowhead Whales (Balaena Mysticetus) near Point Barrow, Alaska, Spring 1985","publication_year":1989,"publication_date":"1989-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1998169757","doi":"https://doi.org/10.14430/arctic1636","mag":"1998169757"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.14430/arctic1636","doi":"https://doi.org/10.14430/arctic1636","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.14430/arctic1636","pdf_url":"https://journalhosting.ucalgary.ca/index.php/arctic/article/download/64690/48604","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S108820144","display_name":"ARCTIC","issn_l":"0004-0843","issn":["0004-0843","1923-1245"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310312960","host_organization_name":"Arctic Institute of North America","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310312960"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Arctic Institute of North America"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ARCTIC","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://journalhosting.ucalgary.ca/index.php/arctic/article/download/64690/48604","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052805222","display_name":"John C. George","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8158-3217","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8158-3217"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112311","display_name":"North Slope Borough","ror":"https://ror.org/01wy5em73","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210112311"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John C. George","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Wildlife Management, North Slope Borough, Box 69, Barrow, Alaska 99723, U.S.A"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Wildlife Management, North Slope Borough, Box 69, Barrow, Alaska 99723, U.S.A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112311"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075764769","display_name":"Christopher W. Clark","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7692-8150","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7692-8150"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112311","display_name":"North Slope Borough","ror":"https://ror.org/01wy5em73","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210112311"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christopher Clark","raw_affiliation_strings":["'Marine Acoustics , 240 Oxford Drive , Cotuit , Massachusetts 02635 , U.S.A. The Arctic Institute of North America","Department of Wildlife Management, North Slope Borough, Box 69, Barrow, Alaska 99723, U.S.A"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"'Marine Acoustics , 240 Oxford Drive , Cotuit , Massachusetts 02635 , U.S.A. The Arctic Institute of North America","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Wildlife Management, North Slope Borough, Box 69, Barrow, Alaska 99723, U.S.A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112311"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030550595","display_name":"Geoff M. Carroll","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","display_name":"Cornell University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bnh6r87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112311","display_name":"North Slope Borough","ror":"https://ror.org/01wy5em73","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210112311"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Geoff M. Carroll","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory of Ornithology , Cornell University , Ithaca , New York 14850 , U.S.A","Department of Wildlife Management, North Slope Borough, Box 69, Barrow, Alaska 99723, U.S.A"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Ornithology , Cornell University , Ithaca , New York 14850 , U.S.A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Wildlife Management, North Slope Borough, Box 69, Barrow, Alaska 99723, U.S.A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112311"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109011579","display_name":"William T. Ellison","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","display_name":"Cornell University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bnh6r87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387153357","display_name":"Cornell Lab of Ornithology","ror":"https://ror.org/00k86w020","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295","https://openalex.org/I4387153357"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"William T. Ellison","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory of Ornithology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, U.S.A. 'Marine Acoustics, 240 Oxford Drive, Cotuit, Massachusetts 02635, U.S.A","The Arctic Institute of North America"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Ornithology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, U.S.A. 'Marine Acoustics, 240 Oxford Drive, Cotuit, Massachusetts 02635, U.S.A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205783295","https://openalex.org/I4387153357"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Arctic Institute of North America","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.8183,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":85,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81042603,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"42","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10659","display_name":"Marine animal studies overview","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10659","display_name":"Marine animal studies overview","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11459","display_name":"Arctic and Antarctic ice dynamics","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10089","display_name":"Avian ecology and behavior","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bowhead-whale","display_name":"bowhead whale","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ice-breaking","display_name":"ice breaking","score":0.8180000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ice-navigation","display_name":"ice navigation","score":0.7699999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spring-migration","display_name":"spring migration","score":0.6669999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sea-ice","display_name":"sea ice","score":0.8259999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustic-tracking","display_name":"acoustic tracking","score":0.5770000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vocalizations","display_name":"vocalizations","score":0.5759999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiyear-ice","display_name":"multi-year ice","score":0.5889999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point-barrow","display_name":"Point Barrow","score":0.6470000147819519}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.6227638721466064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136894858","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q213926","display_name":"Sea ice","level":2,"score":0.584208607673645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161798024","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3651008","display_name":"Arctic ice pack","level":3,"score":0.5552138686180115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.5405380725860596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.357154905796051}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.14430/arctic1636","doi":"https://doi.org/10.14430/arctic1636","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.14430/arctic1636","pdf_url":"https://journalhosting.ucalgary.ca/index.php/arctic/article/download/64690/48604","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S108820144","display_name":"ARCTIC","issn_l":"0004-0843","issn":["0004-0843","1923-1245"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310312960","host_organization_name":"Arctic Institute of North America","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310312960"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Arctic Institute of North America"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ARCTIC","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.494.7085","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.494.7085","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://pubs.aina.ucalgary.ca/arctic/arctic42-1-24.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.14430/arctic1636","doi":"https://doi.org/10.14430/arctic1636","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.14430/arctic1636","pdf_url":"https://journalhosting.ucalgary.ca/index.php/arctic/article/download/64690/48604","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S108820144","display_name":"ARCTIC","issn_l":"0004-0843","issn":["0004-0843","1923-1245"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310312960","host_organization_name":"Arctic Institute of North America","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310312960"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Arctic Institute of North America"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ARCTIC","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5769000053405762,"display_name":"Life below water","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1998169757.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1998169757.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W28637897","https://openalex.org/W197035483","https://openalex.org/W1551515232","https://openalex.org/W1606102885","https://openalex.org/W1982928571","https://openalex.org/W2002007837","https://openalex.org/W2012266186","https://openalex.org/W2044735587","https://openalex.org/W2082952910","https://openalex.org/W2111899464","https://openalex.org/W2125268884","https://openalex.org/W2182349635","https://openalex.org/W2296572749","https://openalex.org/W2321407170","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4301047095"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7097964015","https://openalex.org/W2042004911","https://openalex.org/W2321490829","https://openalex.org/W2145280532","https://openalex.org/W2014414134","https://openalex.org/W4409825741","https://openalex.org/W2766463388","https://openalex.org/W2111899464","https://openalex.org/W2111356578","https://openalex.org/W2097539836"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"During":[0],"a":[1,116,162],"four-day":[2,67],"period":[3],"from":[4,28],"28":[5],"April":[6,46],"to":[7,22,47,102,125,151,179,206,214,219],"1":[8],"May":[9],"1985,":[10],"we":[11,193],"observed":[12],"bowhead":[13,43,227],"whales":[14,60,72,77,158,196],"breaking":[15],"up":[16,104],"through":[17,208],"sea":[18,30,232],"ice":[19,31,82,107,119,165,184,202,229],"in":[20,96,120,185],"order":[21],"breathe.":[23],"Our":[24],"observations":[25],"were":[26,73,84,123,148],"made":[27],"grounded":[29],"approximately":[32],"10":[33,48],"km":[34],"northeast":[35],"of":[36,88,99,118,135,157,168,183],"Point":[37,225],"Barrow,":[38,226],"Alaska,":[39],"during":[40,65,128],"the":[41,62,81,86,89,97,100,106,140,152,169,181,195,201],"spring":[42],"migration":[44],"(14":[45],"June).":[49],"From":[50],"acoustic":[51],"and":[52,112],"visual":[53,90,153],"data,":[54],"it":[55],"was":[56,142],"estimated":[57],"that":[58,174],"665":[59],"passed":[61,79],"observation":[63,170],"perches":[64],"this":[66],"period.":[68],"However,":[69],"only":[70,136],"117(17%)":[71],"seen.":[74],"The":[75],"remaining":[76],"either":[78],"underneath":[80],"or":[83],"beyond":[85],"range":[87],"observers.":[91,154],"Whales":[92],"used":[93],"their":[94,177,186,191],"heads,":[95],"area":[98],"blowholes,":[101],"push":[103],"against":[105],"(18":[108],"cm":[109],"maximum":[110],"thickness)":[111],"fracture":[113],"it,":[114],"creating":[115],"hummock":[117],"which":[121],"they":[122,160],"able":[124],"respire.":[126],"Often":[127],"such":[129],"breathing":[130],"episodes,":[131],"even":[132],"at":[133],"distances":[134],"several":[137],"hundred":[138],"meters,":[139],"animal":[141],"not":[143],"seen":[144],"but":[145],"its":[146],"blows":[147],"clearly":[149],"audible":[150],"Acoustic":[155],"tracking":[156],"showed":[159],"avoided":[161],"large":[163],"multi-year":[164],"floe":[166],"seaward":[167],"perch.":[171],"We":[172],"hypothesize":[173],"bowheads":[175],"use":[176],"calls":[178],"assess":[180],"thickness":[182],"migratory":[187],"path.":[188],"In":[189],"assessing":[190],"calls,":[192],"suggest":[194],"can":[197],"avoid":[198],"areas":[199],"where":[200],"is":[203],"too":[204,212],"thick":[205,213],"break":[207],"(to":[209],"breath)":[210],"and/or":[211],"provide":[215],"clearance":[216],"for":[217],"them":[218],"swim":[220],"beneath.Key":[221],"words:":[222],"Balaena":[223],"mysticetus,":[224],"whale,":[228],"breaking,":[230],"behavior,":[231],"ice,":[233],"singer,":[234],"acoustic,":[235],"anatomy,":[236],"census":[237]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}