{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1998161193","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0887403407303799","title":"Is It an Inside Job?","display_name":"Is It an Inside Job?","publication_year":2007,"publication_date":"2007-11-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1998161193","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0887403407303799","mag":"1998161193"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/0887403407303799","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0887403407303799","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0887403407303799","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S109761077","display_name":"Criminal Justice Policy Review","issn_l":"0887-4034","issn":["0887-4034","1552-3586"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Criminal Justice Policy Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085308929","display_name":"John Liederbach","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1416-3738","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1416-3738"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157417397","display_name":"Bowling Green State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00ay7va13","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157417397"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John Liederbach","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bowling Green State University, Ohio"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bowling Green State University, Ohio","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157417397"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048946429","display_name":"Lorenzo M. Boyd","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184654094","display_name":"Fayetteville State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03rj92e31","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184654094"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lorenzo M. Boyd","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fayetteville State University, NC"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fayetteville State University, NC","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184654094"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069192797","display_name":"Robert W. Taylor","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I123534392","display_name":"University of North Texas","ror":"https://ror.org/00v97ad02","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123534392"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert W. Taylor","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of North Texas, Denton"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of North Texas, Denton","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123534392"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070603509","display_name":"Soraya K. Kawucha","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I123534392","display_name":"University of North Texas","ror":"https://ror.org/00v97ad02","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123534392"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Soraya K. Kawucha","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of North Texas, Denton"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of North Texas, Denton","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123534392"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3400,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3400},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.3239,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":52,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96792293,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"4","first_page":"353","last_page":"377"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11076","display_name":"Policing Practices and Perceptions","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11076","display_name":"Policing Practices and Perceptions","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12736","display_name":"Criminal Justice and Penology","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10213","display_name":"Public Policy and Administration Research","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3321","display_name":"Public Administration"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/police-misconduct","display_name":"police misconduct","score":0.7289999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/police-complaints","display_name":"citizen complaints against police","score":0.8899999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internal-affairs-investigations","display_name":"internal affairs investigations","score":0.8050000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/customer-complaint-handling","display_name":"complaint handling","score":0.7360000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/police-accountability","display_name":"police accountability","score":0.6480000019073486}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780838233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q836925","display_name":"Complaint","level":2,"score":0.910031795501709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108170787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3951828","display_name":"Agency (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.5600792169570923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182306322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779371","display_name":"Order (exchange)","level":2,"score":0.5340743064880371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.47341328859329224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C527412718","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q855395","display_name":"Interpretation (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.4421961009502411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.37341558933258057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.3486260771751404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.25995737314224243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.22122547030448914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.18211579322814941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.15130338072776794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/0887403407303799","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0887403407303799","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0887403407303799","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S109761077","display_name":"Criminal Justice Policy Review","issn_l":"0887-4034","issn":["0887-4034","1552-3586"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Criminal Justice Policy Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:digitalcommons.uncfsu.edu:college_humanities_social_sciences-1364","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://digitalcommons.uncfsu.edu/college_humanities_social_sciences/365","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400276","display_name":"DigitalCommons@Fayetteville State University (Fayetteville State University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I184654094","host_organization_name":"Fayetteville State University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184654094"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"College of Humanities and Social Sciences","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":1.0}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W23786311","https://openalex.org/W196289800","https://openalex.org/W281111671","https://openalex.org/W402904980","https://openalex.org/W592940989","https://openalex.org/W626401571","https://openalex.org/W645576112","https://openalex.org/W1510273291","https://openalex.org/W1513584365","https://openalex.org/W1517329739","https://openalex.org/W1598768917","https://openalex.org/W1606980371","https://openalex.org/W1975918928","https://openalex.org/W2016473073","https://openalex.org/W2019968400","https://openalex.org/W2027822692","https://openalex.org/W2040990929","https://openalex.org/W2053387049","https://openalex.org/W2064413294","https://openalex.org/W2068682271","https://openalex.org/W2081011145","https://openalex.org/W2081385464","https://openalex.org/W2090028842","https://openalex.org/W2093724116","https://openalex.org/W2097645702","https://openalex.org/W2101894609","https://openalex.org/W2120334372","https://openalex.org/W2137150181","https://openalex.org/W2163204933","https://openalex.org/W2172120307","https://openalex.org/W2315624154","https://openalex.org/W2319040003","https://openalex.org/W2331657727","https://openalex.org/W2334978774","https://openalex.org/W2600588199","https://openalex.org/W2795844506","https://openalex.org/W2797592967","https://openalex.org/W3021929099","https://openalex.org/W4213449113","https://openalex.org/W4230094501","https://openalex.org/W4231071733","https://openalex.org/W4238972919","https://openalex.org/W4302319073"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7038693926","https://openalex.org/W2344348057","https://openalex.org/W7118019831","https://openalex.org/W2298117408","https://openalex.org/W1991436436","https://openalex.org/W1562489458","https://openalex.org/W6945341405","https://openalex.org/W2070760269","https://openalex.org/W310274016","https://openalex.org/W1503931764"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Data":[0,67],"concerning":[1,59,70],"the":[2,44,49,78,91,107,113],"internal":[3,63,108],"investigation":[4,28],"of":[5,24,46,56,93,110],"complaints":[6,47,61,98,111],"against":[7,48,112],"police":[8,35],"have":[9],"rarely":[10],"been":[11],"available":[12],"to":[13,39,43,85],"researchers.":[14],"The":[15,51],"present":[16],"study":[17],"uses":[18],"information":[19],"derived":[20],"through":[21],"an":[22,54],"examination":[23],"Internal":[25],"Affairs":[26],"complaint":[27,64],"files":[29],"obtained":[30],"from":[31],"a":[32],"large":[33],"Midwestern":[34],"agency":[36],"in":[37,83],"order":[38,84],"examine":[40],"issues":[41],"related":[42],"processing":[45],"police.":[50,114],"article":[52],"includes":[53],"overview":[55],"existing":[57],"literature":[58],"citizen":[60,97],"and":[62,72,77],"review":[65,109],"structures.":[66],"are":[68,99],"presented":[69],"complainants":[71],"accused":[73],"officers,":[74],"investigative":[75],"findings,":[76],"factors":[79],"cited":[80],"by":[81],"investigators":[82],"justify":[86],"their":[87],"findings.":[88],"Issues":[89],"regarding":[90],"interpretation":[92],"sustain":[94],"rates":[95],"for":[96,106],"discussed,":[100],"as":[101,103],"well":[102],"suggested":[104],"improvements":[105]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}