{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1998152149","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ce.2014.58068","title":"Effectiveness of Examination Handling and Distribution Procedures in Curbing Malpractices in Secondary Schools in Eastern Province, Kenya","display_name":"Effectiveness of Examination Handling and Distribution Procedures in Curbing Malpractices in Secondary Schools in Eastern Province, Kenya","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1998152149","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ce.2014.58068","mag":"1998152149"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.4236/ce.2014.58068","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ce.2014.58068","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ce.2014.58068","pdf_url":"http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperDownload.aspx?paperID=45693","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S155988987","display_name":"Creative Education","issn_l":"2151-4755","issn":["2151-4755","2151-4771"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320480","host_organization_name":"Scientific Research Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320480"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Scientific Research Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Creative Education","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperDownload.aspx?paperID=45693","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031934577","display_name":"Eunice Kagendo Njue","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eunice Kagendo Njue","raw_affiliation_strings":["Principal Ikuu Girls High School, Tharaka-Nithi County, Kenya"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Principal Ikuu Girls High School, Tharaka-Nithi County, Kenya","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043504862","display_name":"George M. Muthaa","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3132944300","display_name":"Chuka University","ror":"https://ror.org/05cqafq62","country_code":"KE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3132944300"]}],"countries":["KE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"George M. Muthaa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Education, Chuka University, Tharaka-Nithi County, Kenya"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Education, Chuka University, Tharaka-Nithi County, Kenya","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3132944300"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108371001","display_name":"Peter Kinyua Muriungi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3132944300","display_name":"Chuka University","ror":"https://ror.org/05cqafq62","country_code":"KE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3132944300"]}],"countries":["KE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peter K. Muriungi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Arts & Humanities, Chuka University, Tharaka-Nithi County, Kenya"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Arts & Humanities, Chuka University, Tharaka-Nithi County, Kenya","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3132944300"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5043504862"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3132944300"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.3089197,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"05","issue":"08","first_page":"573","last_page":"579"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11492","display_name":"Academic integrity and plagiarism","score":0.8895999789237976,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11492","display_name":"Academic integrity and plagiarism","score":0.8895999789237976,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12204","display_name":"African Education and Politics","score":0.09570000320672989,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13405","display_name":"Educational Assessment and Improvement","score":0.0017000000225380063,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/examination-malpractice","display_name":"examination malpractice","score":0.8740000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/secondary-schools","display_name":"secondary schools","score":0.8870000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/examination-management","display_name":"examination management","score":0.6690000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/test-fairness","display_name":"test fairness","score":0.42899999022483826}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106906290","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1140909","display_name":"Cronbach's alpha","level":3,"score":0.8630202412605286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199728807","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2578557","display_name":"Equity (law)","level":2,"score":0.604542076587677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.5335184931755066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110121322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q865811","display_name":"Distribution (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4810469448566437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198531522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485146","display_name":"Sample (material)","level":2,"score":0.4417101740837097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.4159894585609436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39896193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380344","display_name":"Descriptive statistics","level":2,"score":0.40517911314964294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C512399662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3505712","display_name":"Family medicine","level":1,"score":0.363336443901062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3602241575717926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509550671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126945","display_name":"Medical education","level":1,"score":0.3211630582809448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.1476472020149231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.12070649862289429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.06022021174430847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.4236/ce.2014.58068","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ce.2014.58068","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ce.2014.58068","pdf_url":"http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperDownload.aspx?paperID=45693","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S155988987","display_name":"Creative Education","issn_l":"2151-4755","issn":["2151-4755","2151-4771"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320480","host_organization_name":"Scientific Research Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320480"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Scientific Research Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Creative Education","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.4236/ce.2014.58068","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ce.2014.58068","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ce.2014.58068","pdf_url":"http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperDownload.aspx?paperID=45693","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S155988987","display_name":"Creative Education","issn_l":"2151-4755","issn":["2151-4755","2151-4771"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320480","host_organization_name":"Scientific Research Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320480"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Scientific Research Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Creative Education","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.8999999761581421},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality education","score":0.8278999924659729},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.4074000120162964}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1998152149.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1998152149.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":3,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1505042853","https://openalex.org/W1588256664","https://openalex.org/W1971856850"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2060633371","https://openalex.org/W3036832996","https://openalex.org/W1863800461","https://openalex.org/W1588256664","https://openalex.org/W3025172557","https://openalex.org/W7062138790","https://openalex.org/W3119691980","https://openalex.org/W7112055612","https://openalex.org/W3110335922","https://openalex.org/W4409546028"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Examinations":[0],"provide":[1],"discriminatory":[2],"criteria":[3],"for":[4,130,137],"individuals":[5],"and":[6,70,124],"evaluate":[7],"whether":[8],"educational":[9],"goals":[10],"are":[11],"being":[12],"achieved.":[13],"To":[14],"guarantee":[15],"equity,":[16],"fair":[17],"evaluation":[18],"must":[19],"be":[20],"devoid":[21],"of":[22,36,48,54,66,81,99,114,126,144],"all":[23,138],"malpractices.":[24,77,132],"The":[25,58,89,108,133],"KNEC":[26],"has":[27,41],"put":[28],"in":[29,45,73,86,141],"place":[30],"policies":[31],"aimed":[32],"at":[33],"reducing":[34],"cases":[35,47],"examination":[37,49,56,68,76],"malpractices;":[38],"however":[39],"there":[40],"been":[42],"a":[43],"rise":[44],"reported":[46],"malpractices":[50],"with":[51],"the":[52,64,67,75,87,112,115,120,142,145],"release":[53],"every":[55],"results.":[57],"current":[59],"study":[60,90,109],"sought":[61],"to":[62],"determine":[63],"effectiveness":[65],"handling":[69],"distribution":[71,125],"procedures":[72],"addressing":[74],"A":[78],"sample":[79],"size":[80],"511":[82],"subjects":[83],"was":[84,91,101,128],"involved":[85,140],"study.":[88],"conducted":[92],"using":[93,103],"descriptive":[94],"survey":[95],"research":[96],"design.":[97],"Reliability":[98],"instruments":[100],"determined":[102],"cronbach":[104],"coefficient":[105],"alpha":[106],"method.":[107],"established":[110],"that":[111],"management":[113,143],"examinations":[116,127,131],"is":[117],"dominated":[118],"by":[119],"male":[121],"gender.":[122],"Handling":[123],"blamed":[129],"researcher":[134],"recommends":[135],"training":[136],"personnel":[139],"examinations.":[146]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-30T12:39:25.321706","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}