{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1998100748","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1212/wnl.46.5.1275","title":"Possible environmental, occupational, and other etiologic factors for Parkinson's disease: A case\u2010control study in Germany","display_name":"Possible environmental, occupational, and other etiologic factors for Parkinson's disease: A case\u2010control study in Germany","publication_year":1996,"publication_date":"1996-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1998100748","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1212/wnl.46.5.1275","mag":"1998100748","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8628466"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1212/wnl.46.5.1275","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1212/wnl.46.5.1275","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1212/wnl.46.5.1275","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S79704628","display_name":"Neurology","issn_l":"0028-3878","issn":["0028-3878","1526-632X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315671","host_organization_name":"Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315671","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neurology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"parent_works":[],"lineage":["https://openalex.org/W1998100748"],"child_works_count":0,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083180282","display_name":"Andreas Seidler","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8107-8971","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8107-8971"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I34809795","display_name":"Medizinische Hochschule Hannover","ror":"https://ror.org/00f2yqf98","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I34809795"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. Seidler","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, Hannover Medical University, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, Hannover Medical University, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I34809795"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079696613","display_name":"Wiebke Hellenbrand","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8563-3629","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8563-3629"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"W. Hellenbrand","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045514644","display_name":"Bernt\u2010Peter Robra","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4373-339X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4373-339X"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"B.-P. Robra","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109948032","display_name":"P. Vieregge","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"P. Vieregge","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083860577","display_name":"PETER NISCHAN","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"P. Nischan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042498567","display_name":"J. Joerg","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. Joerg","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112144620","display_name":"W. H. Oertel","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"W. H. Oertel","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000090458","display_name":"Ulm G","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G. Ulm","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"E. Schneider","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"E. Schneider","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":10.8681,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":441,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98906017,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"46","issue":"5","first_page":"1275","last_page":"1275"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10085","display_name":"Parkinson's Disease Mechanisms and Treatments","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Clinical Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10085","display_name":"Parkinson's Disease Mechanisms and Treatments","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Clinical Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13991","display_name":"Nuclear Receptors and Signaling","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10875","display_name":"Pesticide Exposure and Toxicity","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3005","display_name":"Toxicology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/30","display_name":"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parkinson-s-disease","display_name":"Parkinson's disease","score":0.9879999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/etiology","display_name":"etiology","score":0.9419999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pesticide-exposure","display_name":"pesticide exposure","score":0.8840000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/organochlorine-compounds","display_name":"organochlorine compounds","score":0.8880000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wood-preservatives","display_name":"wood preservatives","score":0.9240000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heavy-metals","display_name":"heavy metals","score":0.9160000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/solvents","display_name":"solvents","score":0.9580000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carbon-monoxide","display_name":"carbon monoxide","score":0.6700000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exhaust-gas","display_name":"exhaust gas","score":0.7760000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/general-anesthesia","display_name":"general anesthesia","score":0.8569999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/head-trauma","display_name":"head trauma","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/well-water","display_name":"well water","score":0.8180000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/animal-contact","display_name":"animal contact","score":0.8619999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intrauterine-environment","display_name":"intrauterine environment","score":0.8230000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/family-history","display_name":"family history","score":0.6039999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetic-factors","display_name":"genetic factors","score":0.5529999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-factors","display_name":"environmental factors","score":0.5139999985694885}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779734285","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11085","display_name":"Parkinson's disease","level":3,"score":0.5863630175590515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.5302193760871887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.47613003849983215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.40495550632476807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.20713844895362854}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000383","descriptor_name":"Agriculture","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000829","descriptor_name":"Animals, Domestic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004493","descriptor_name":"Education","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004777","descriptor_name":"Environment","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005858","descriptor_name":"Germany","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006540","descriptor_name":"Herbicides","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007306","descriptor_name":"Insecticides","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009790","descriptor_name":"Occupations","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010300","descriptor_name":"Parkinson Disease","qualifier_ui":"Q000209","qualifier_name":"etiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010300","descriptor_name":"Parkinson Disease","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010300","descriptor_name":"Parkinson Disease","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012307","descriptor_name":"Risk Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012424","descriptor_name":"Rural Population","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012907","descriptor_name":"Smoking","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014881","descriptor_name":"Water Supply","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016022","descriptor_name":"Case-Control Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016273","descriptor_name":"Occupational Exposure","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017668","descriptor_name":"Age of Onset","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1212/wnl.46.5.1275","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1212/wnl.46.5.1275","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1212/wnl.46.5.1275","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S79704628","display_name":"Neurology","issn_l":"0028-3878","issn":["0028-3878","1526-632X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315671","host_organization_name":"Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315671","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neurology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:8628466","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8628466","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neurology","raw_type":"Comparative Study"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":1.0}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":70,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W140524013","https://openalex.org/W144249870","https://openalex.org/W206480088","https://openalex.org/W1481502359","https://openalex.org/W1968153075","https://openalex.org/W1983600977","https://openalex.org/W1985774973","https://openalex.org/W1985991021","https://openalex.org/W1992220804","https://openalex.org/W1997181922","https://openalex.org/W2001242818","https://openalex.org/W2002397069","https://openalex.org/W2006462901","https://openalex.org/W2017629654","https://openalex.org/W2023590323","https://openalex.org/W2028509483","https://openalex.org/W2028561821","https://openalex.org/W2030084106","https://openalex.org/W2032522674","https://openalex.org/W2038289698","https://openalex.org/W2039727503","https://openalex.org/W2040753345","https://openalex.org/W2041343218","https://openalex.org/W2045260810","https://openalex.org/W2047819781","https://openalex.org/W2048266571","https://openalex.org/W2048719661","https://openalex.org/W2052583566","https://openalex.org/W2057385777","https://openalex.org/W2057703769","https://openalex.org/W2058186189","https://openalex.org/W2065370403","https://openalex.org/W2076564991","https://openalex.org/W2077260129","https://openalex.org/W2078588263","https://openalex.org/W2079605960","https://openalex.org/W2080226933","https://openalex.org/W2083767901","https://openalex.org/W2088856242","https://openalex.org/W2089518139","https://openalex.org/W2095685169","https://openalex.org/W2126704418","https://openalex.org/W2144151800","https://openalex.org/W2145926309","https://openalex.org/W2148385611","https://openalex.org/W2155717658","https://openalex.org/W2157694724","https://openalex.org/W2170149470","https://openalex.org/W2171047055","https://openalex.org/W2198482438","https://openalex.org/W2264739748","https://openalex.org/W2264783621","https://openalex.org/W2267571650","https://openalex.org/W2286603041","https://openalex.org/W2293201878","https://openalex.org/W2331662088","https://openalex.org/W2400701982","https://openalex.org/W2406301599","https://openalex.org/W2408639212","https://openalex.org/W2409568289","https://openalex.org/W2410949145","https://openalex.org/W2468101216","https://openalex.org/W2472015057","https://openalex.org/W2587208861","https://openalex.org/W2887445078","https://openalex.org/W4234548505","https://openalex.org/W4251651915","https://openalex.org/W4254945848","https://openalex.org/W4290127483","https://openalex.org/W6684453167"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2034067256","https://openalex.org/W2107102725","https://openalex.org/W2074877635","https://openalex.org/W2047484862","https://openalex.org/W2016950989","https://openalex.org/W192126858","https://openalex.org/W2233846644","https://openalex.org/W206598197","https://openalex.org/W3184107288","https://openalex.org/W1556214166"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"a":[1,172,180,200,208,251],"case-control":[2,68],"study,":[3],"we":[4],"investigated":[5],"the":[6,45,66,142,259],"possible":[7],"etiologic":[8],"relevance":[9],"to":[10,84,136,147,179],"Parkinson's":[11],"disease":[12],"(PD)":[13],"of":[14,175,212,223,261],"rural":[15,126],"factors":[16,72,257],"such":[17,30,71],"as":[18,31],"farming":[19],"activity,":[20],"pesticide":[21,108],"exposures,":[22],"well-water":[23],"drinking,":[24],"and":[25,36,42,60,73,89,114,124,154,189,226,234,255],"animal":[26],"contacts;":[27],"toxicologic":[28],"exposures":[29],"wood":[32,137],"preservatives,":[33],"heavy":[34,149],"metals,":[35,150],"solvents;":[37],"general":[38,187],"anesthesia;":[39],"head":[40,192],"trauma;":[41],"differences":[43],"in":[44,52,65,76,110,258],"intrauterine":[46],"environment.":[47],"We":[48],"recruited":[49],"380":[50],"patients":[51,162,233],"nine":[53],"German":[54],"clinics,":[55],"379":[56],"neighborhood":[57],"control":[58,63,85,164,197,219,235,246],"subjects,":[59,165,198],"376":[61],"regional":[62],"subjects":[64],"largest":[67],"study":[69],"investigating":[70],"collected":[74],"data":[75],"structured":[77],"personal":[78],"interviews":[79],"using":[80],"conditional":[81],"logistic":[82],"regression":[83],"for":[86,107,112,134,253],"educational":[87],"status":[88],"cigarette":[90],"smoking.":[91],"The":[92,221],"latter":[93],"was":[94,120,132,157,168,203],"strongly":[95],"inversely":[96],"associated":[97],"with":[98,243],"PD.":[99,262],"There":[100],"were":[101],"significantly":[102,129,158,209,239],"elevated":[103,130],"odds":[104],"ratios":[105],"(OR)":[106],"use,":[109],"particular,":[111],"organochlorines":[113],"alkylated":[115],"phosphates,":[116],"but":[117,166,199],"no":[118],"association":[119],"present":[121,133],"between":[122,232],"PD":[123,244],"other":[125],"factors.":[127],"A":[128],"OR":[131],"exposure":[135,146,182],"preservatives.":[138],"Subjective":[139],"assessment":[140,174],"by":[141,171],"probands":[143],"indicated":[144],"that":[145],"some":[148],"solvents,":[151],"exhaust":[152],"fumes,":[153],"carbon":[155],"monoxide":[156],"more":[159,194,240],"frequent":[160],"among":[161],"than":[163,196,218,245],"this":[167],"not":[169,204,230],"confirmed":[170],"parallel":[173],"job":[176,181],"histories":[177],"according":[178],"matrix.":[183],"Patients":[184,206,237],"had":[185],"undergone":[186],"anesthesia":[188],"suffered":[190],"severe":[191],"trauma":[193],"often":[195],"dose-response":[201],"gradient":[202],"present.":[205],"reported":[207,238],"larger":[210],"number":[211],"amalgam-filled":[213],"teeth":[214],"before":[215],"their":[216],"illness":[217],"subjects.":[220,236,247],"frequency":[222],"premature":[224],"births":[225],"birth":[227],"order":[228],"did":[229],"differ":[231],"relatives":[241],"affected":[242],"These":[248],"results":[249],"support":[250],"role":[252],"environmental":[254],"genetic":[256],"etiology":[260]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":19}],"updated_date":"2026-11-14T11:04:58.165337","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}