{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1998087340","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.165.1.13","title":"Schizophrenia and Substance Abuse","display_name":"Schizophrenia and Substance Abuse","publication_year":1994,"publication_date":"1994-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1998087340","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.165.1.13","mag":"1998087340","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7953023"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1192/bjp.165.1.13","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.165.1.13","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.165.1.13","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S127936299","display_name":"The British Journal of Psychiatry","issn_l":"0007-1250","issn":["0007-1250","1472-1465"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"British Journal of Psychiatry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112350217","display_name":"Jeanette E. Smith","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jeanette Smith","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fromeside Clinic, Bristol"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fromeside Clinic, Bristol","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108240824","display_name":"Stephen J. Hucker","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","display_name":"University of Toronto","ror":"https://ror.org/03dbr7087","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stephen Hucker","raw_affiliation_strings":["Clarke Institute of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Clarke Institute of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5112350217"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":4920,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4920},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.1393,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":266,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98089172,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"165","issue":"1","first_page":"13","last_page":"21"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10023","display_name":"Schizophrenia research and treatment","score":0.760699987411499,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10023","display_name":"Schizophrenia research and treatment","score":0.760699987411499,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10565","display_name":"Psychopathy, Forensic Psychiatry, Sexual Offending","score":0.15719999372959137,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10043","display_name":"Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes","score":0.0478999987244606,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/schizophrenia","display_name":"schizophrenia","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/substance-abuse","display_name":"substance abuse","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/violence","display_name":"violence","score":0.6880000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antisocial-behavior","display_name":"antisocial behavior","score":0.9869999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drug-abuse","display_name":"drug abuse","score":0.7919999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alcohol-abuse","display_name":"alcohol abuse","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/severe-mental-illness","display_name":"severe mental illness","score":0.6970000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mediating-mechanisms","display_name":"mediating mechanisms","score":0.6880000233650208}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40010229","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3184856","display_name":"Substance abuse","level":2,"score":0.7243319153785706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.7154956459999084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776412080","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7431605","display_name":"Schizophrenia (object-oriented programming)","level":2,"score":0.6710793375968933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5267300605773926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780931562","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7331102","display_name":"Alcohol abuse","level":2,"score":0.45141342282295227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80114427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q634260","display_name":"Circumstantial evidence","level":2,"score":0.44673654437065125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017944768","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1450463","display_name":"Poison control","level":2,"score":0.42985236644744873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70410870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199906","display_name":"Clinical psychology","level":1,"score":0.4292069375514984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.3671659231185913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C545542383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2751242","display_name":"Medical emergency","level":1,"score":0.1298556923866272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D003131","descriptor_name":"Combined Modality Therapy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011619","descriptor_name":"Psychotropic Drugs","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012307","descriptor_name":"Risk Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012559","descriptor_name":"Schizophrenia","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012559","descriptor_name":"Schizophrenia","qualifier_ui":"Q000534","qualifier_name":"rehabilitation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012565","descriptor_name":"Schizophrenic Psychology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013287","descriptor_name":"Illicit Drugs","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014754","descriptor_name":"Violence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015897","descriptor_name":"Comorbidity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017831","descriptor_name":"Diagnosis, Dual (Psychiatry)","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019966","descriptor_name":"Substance-Related Disorders","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019966","descriptor_name":"Substance-Related Disorders","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019966","descriptor_name":"Substance-Related Disorders","qualifier_ui":"Q000534","qualifier_name":"rehabilitation","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1192/bjp.165.1.13","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.165.1.13","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.165.1.13","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S127936299","display_name":"The British Journal of Psychiatry","issn_l":"0007-1250","issn":["0007-1250","1472-1465"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"British Journal of Psychiatry","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:7953023","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7953023","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.98580002784729},{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.4399999976158142}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":90,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W20743661","https://openalex.org/W31955670","https://openalex.org/W69347747","https://openalex.org/W97034663","https://openalex.org/W173643201","https://openalex.org/W1736271498","https://openalex.org/W1805840092","https://openalex.org/W1965949091","https://openalex.org/W1966050988","https://openalex.org/W1966525060","https://openalex.org/W1970045281","https://openalex.org/W1973654830","https://openalex.org/W1978834020","https://openalex.org/W1983552728","https://openalex.org/W1985260330","https://openalex.org/W1986400361","https://openalex.org/W1990381119","https://openalex.org/W1992540675","https://openalex.org/W1999372765","https://openalex.org/W1999393435","https://openalex.org/W1999899989","https://openalex.org/W2007374435","https://openalex.org/W2008412598","https://openalex.org/W2008476012","https://openalex.org/W2014499652","https://openalex.org/W2018763792","https://openalex.org/W2020844317","https://openalex.org/W2023095807","https://openalex.org/W2034742157","https://openalex.org/W2035965028","https://openalex.org/W2040607623","https://openalex.org/W2042379159","https://openalex.org/W2044173098","https://openalex.org/W2050886958","https://openalex.org/W2051959506","https://openalex.org/W2055240237","https://openalex.org/W2056686399","https://openalex.org/W2061505549","https://openalex.org/W2061717632","https://openalex.org/W2062908708","https://openalex.org/W2064036153","https://openalex.org/W2064279443","https://openalex.org/W2068162880","https://openalex.org/W2071088621","https://openalex.org/W2076018761","https://openalex.org/W2077737494","https://openalex.org/W2078348497","https://openalex.org/W2082702637","https://openalex.org/W2086778684","https://openalex.org/W2089939960","https://openalex.org/W2092198769","https://openalex.org/W2096206515","https://openalex.org/W2108886309","https://openalex.org/W2110077001","https://openalex.org/W2114532739","https://openalex.org/W2120008633","https://openalex.org/W2120041517","https://openalex.org/W2122043463","https://openalex.org/W2129942844","https://openalex.org/W2138120070","https://openalex.org/W2138921838","https://openalex.org/W2143484398","https://openalex.org/W2146520900","https://openalex.org/W2147918838","https://openalex.org/W2149605430","https://openalex.org/W2151267829","https://openalex.org/W2152861404","https://openalex.org/W2155867087","https://openalex.org/W2158262258","https://openalex.org/W2163104737","https://openalex.org/W2166157732","https://openalex.org/W2166583317","https://openalex.org/W2240545221","https://openalex.org/W2275572800","https://openalex.org/W2295595094","https://openalex.org/W2301271095","https://openalex.org/W2318195229","https://openalex.org/W2327179403","https://openalex.org/W2396294505","https://openalex.org/W2404160295","https://openalex.org/W2406552974","https://openalex.org/W2410543522","https://openalex.org/W2413724407","https://openalex.org/W2414937853","https://openalex.org/W2418161600","https://openalex.org/W2468888000","https://openalex.org/W2471656840","https://openalex.org/W4247496126","https://openalex.org/W4302616896","https://openalex.org/W4323285021"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2055521918","https://openalex.org/W2025173774","https://openalex.org/W1981743510","https://openalex.org/W2261892210","https://openalex.org/W2110077001","https://openalex.org/W2807950518","https://openalex.org/W2002501627","https://openalex.org/W2127824897","https://openalex.org/W2490209036","https://openalex.org/W2073141569"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"Recent":[1],"research":[2],"from":[3],"North":[4],"America":[5],"has":[6],"demonstrated":[7],"higher":[8],"than":[9],"expected":[10],"rates":[11],"of":[12,32,49,59,98,147,159],"drug":[13],"and":[14,38,62,75,120],"alcohol":[15,141],"abuse":[16,74,122,138],"among":[17,100],"the":[18,29,50,57,60,64,68,96,115,133,160],"seriously":[19],"mentally":[20],"ill.":[21],"Schizophrenics":[22],"appear":[23],"to":[24,28,131,154],"be":[25],"particularly":[26,44],"susceptible":[27],"negative":[30],"effects":[31],"substance":[33,73,101,121],"abuse.":[34],"These":[35],"include":[36],"psychiatric":[37],"social":[39],"complications,":[40],"with":[41,85],"antisocial":[42],"behaviour,":[43],"violence":[45,99],"emerging":[46],"as":[47],"one":[48],"most":[51],"worrying":[52],"features.":[53],"This":[54],"review":[55],"examines":[56],"strength":[58],"association":[61],"explores":[63],"possible":[65],"explanations":[66],"for":[67],"apparent":[69],"link":[70,116],"between":[71,117],"schizophrenia,":[72],"violence.":[76],"METHOD:":[77],"The":[78],"literature":[79,88],"was":[80],"searched":[81],"using":[82],"Medline,":[83],"supplemented":[84],"a":[86,156],"manual":[87],"search.":[89],"RESULTS:":[90],"Very":[91],"few":[92],"articles":[93],"specifically":[94],"approached":[95],"problem":[97],"abusing":[102],"schizophrenics,":[103],"but":[104],"over":[105],"80":[106],"papers":[107],"were":[108,111],"identified":[109],"which":[110],"helpful":[112],"in":[113],"exploring":[114],"dangerous":[118],"behaviour":[119],"by":[123],"schizophrenics.":[124],"CONCLUSIONS:":[125],"While":[126],"there":[127],"is":[128],"circumstantial":[129],"evidence":[130],"support":[132],"hypothesis":[134],"that":[135],"schizophrenics":[136],"who":[137],"drugs":[139],"or":[140],"are":[142,152],"at":[143],"an":[144],"increased":[145],"risk":[146],"behaving":[148],"violently,":[149],"longitudinal":[150],"studies":[151],"required":[153],"facilitate":[155],"better":[157],"understanding":[158],"mediating":[161],"mechanisms.":[162]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}