{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1998015779","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-104-2-254","title":"Pressure to Publish and Fraud in Science","display_name":"Pressure to Publish and Fraud in Science","publication_year":1986,"publication_date":"1986-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1998015779","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-104-2-254","mag":"1998015779","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3946955"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.7326/0003-4819-104-2-254","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-104-2-254","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-104-2-254","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S119722071","display_name":"Annals of Internal Medicine","issn_l":"0003-4819","issn":["0003-4819","1539-3704"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316812","host_organization_name":"American College of Physicians","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316812"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American College of Physicians"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annals of Internal Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062499524","display_name":"PATRICIA K. WOOLF","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"PATRICIA K. WOOLF","raw_affiliation_strings":["Princeton, New Jersey,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Princeton, New Jersey,","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5062499524"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":21.0507,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":57,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99399923,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"104","issue":"2","first_page":"254","last_page":"256"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11492","display_name":"Academic integrity and plagiarism","score":0.9911999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11492","display_name":"Academic integrity and plagiarism","score":0.9911999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13607","display_name":"Academic Publishing and Open Access","score":0.003599999938160181,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1802","display_name":"Information Systems and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11649","display_name":"Pharmaceutical industry and healthcare","score":0.0017000000225380063,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3004","display_name":"Pharmacology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/30","display_name":"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/publication-pressure","display_name":"publication pressure","score":0.9599999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scientific-fraud","display_name":"scientific fraud","score":0.8799999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/institutional-pressures","display_name":"institutional pressures","score":0.6449999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/author-responsibility","display_name":"author responsibility","score":0.9359999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/research-misconduct","display_name":"research misconduct","score":0.44699999690055847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scholarly-publishing","display_name":"scholarly publishing","score":0.3479999899864197}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.7173733711242676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41458344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q732577","display_name":"Publication","level":2,"score":0.7040379047393799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776224158","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187931","display_name":"Phrase","level":2,"score":0.5979119539260864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151719136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3972943","display_name":"Publishing","level":2,"score":0.5827386975288391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.19610610604286194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.10421565175056458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.07534471154212952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D001319","descriptor_name":"Authorship","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001319","descriptor_name":"Authorship","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001319","descriptor_name":"Authorship","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003415","descriptor_name":"Crime","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003415","descriptor_name":"Crime","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003415","descriptor_name":"Crime","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005178","descriptor_name":"Faculty","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005178","descriptor_name":"Faculty","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005178","descriptor_name":"Faculty","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005607","descriptor_name":"Fraud","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005607","descriptor_name":"Fraud","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005607","descriptor_name":"Fraud","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006126","descriptor_name":"Group Processes","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006126","descriptor_name":"Group Processes","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006126","descriptor_name":"Group Processes","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011643","descriptor_name":"Publishing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011643","descriptor_name":"Publishing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011643","descriptor_name":"Publishing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012106","descriptor_name":"Research","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012106","descriptor_name":"Research","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012106","descriptor_name":"Research","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012574","descriptor_name":"Schools","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012574","descriptor_name":"Schools","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012574","descriptor_name":"Schools","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014481","descriptor_name":"United States","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014481","descriptor_name":"United States","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014481","descriptor_name":"United States","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.7326/0003-4819-104-2-254","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-104-2-254","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-104-2-254","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S119722071","display_name":"Annals of Internal Medicine","issn_l":"0003-4819","issn":["0003-4819","1539-3704"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316812","host_organization_name":"American College of Physicians","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316812"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American College of Physicians"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annals of Internal Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:3946955","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3946955","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annals of internal medicine","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.7599999904632568}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":3,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2006927574","https://openalex.org/W2008987155","https://openalex.org/W2153692404"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4285795880","https://openalex.org/W3112308757","https://openalex.org/W2323947875","https://openalex.org/W2046621667","https://openalex.org/W1995989113","https://openalex.org/W7023941168","https://openalex.org/W3154072354","https://openalex.org/W4405177913","https://openalex.org/W2219616729","https://openalex.org/W2168047782"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Pressure":[0],"to":[1,35,54,65,70],"publish":[2],"is":[3,32,45],"an":[4,17],"overworked":[5],"and":[6,22,47,69],"ill-used":[7],"phrase":[8],"that":[9],"encompasses":[10],"at":[11],"least":[12],"two":[13],"meanings:":[14],"the":[15,23,27,37,71],"pressure":[16,24,44],"individual":[18],"scientist":[19],"may":[20,60],"feel,":[21],"exerted":[25],"by":[26,57],"institutions":[28],"of":[29,42,73],"science.":[30,50],"It":[31],"important":[33],"not":[34],"confuse":[36],"two.":[38],"A":[39],"modest":[40],"level":[41],"institutional":[43],"legitimate":[46],"healthy":[48],"for":[49],"Persons":[51],"who":[52],"respond":[53],"these":[55],"pressures":[56],"publishing":[58],"extravagantly":[59],"be":[61],"doing":[62],"a":[63],"disservice":[64],"impressionable":[66],"young":[67],"colleagues":[68],"notions":[72],"responsible":[74],"authorship.":[75]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-12T09:40:04.860316","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
