{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1997943563","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3295241","title":"FREE SURFACE VELOCIMETRY CORRECTIONS FOR LOW PRESSURE SHOCKS","display_name":"FREE SURFACE VELOCIMETRY CORRECTIONS FOR LOW PRESSURE SHOCKS","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1997943563","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3295241","mag":"1997943563"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1063/1.3295241","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3295241","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3295241","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764696622","display_name":"AIP conference proceedings","issn_l":"0094-243X","issn":["0094-243X","1551-7616","1935-0465"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320257","host_organization_name":"American Institute of Physics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320257"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"AIP Conference Proceedings","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086676936","display_name":"Bryan W. Reed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3629-2853","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3629-2853"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1282311441","display_name":"Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/041nk4h53","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1282311441","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I198811213","https://openalex.org/I4210138311"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"B. W. Reed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore CA 94551"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore CA 94551","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1282311441"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101458996","display_name":"Roger W. Minich","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-7691-3318","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0006-7691-3318"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1282311441","display_name":"Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/041nk4h53","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1282311441","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I198811213","https://openalex.org/I4210138311"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. W. Minich","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore CA 94551"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore CA 94551","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1282311441"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009268868","display_name":"James S. Stolken","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1282311441","display_name":"Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/041nk4h53","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1282311441","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I198811213","https://openalex.org/I4210138311"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. S. Stolken","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore CA 94551"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore CA 94551","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1282311441"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100752029","display_name":"Mukul Kumar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3544-0869","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3544-0869"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1282311441","display_name":"Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/041nk4h53","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1282311441","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I198811213","https://openalex.org/I4210138311"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Kumar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore CA 94551"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore CA 94551","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1282311441"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055868903","display_name":"Mark L. Elert","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mark Elert","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064541407","display_name":"Michael D. Furnish","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael D. Furnish","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053654551","display_name":"William W. Anderson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8350-712X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8350-712X","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4764-9881"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"William W. Anderson","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111679118","display_name":"William Graham Proud","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"William G. Proud","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113712383","display_name":"William T. Butler","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3366-587X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3366-587X"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"William T. Butler","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.5312,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78897338,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"719","last_page":"722"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11699","display_name":"High-Velocity Impact and Material Behavior","score":0.9398999810218811,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11699","display_name":"High-Velocity Impact and Material Behavior","score":0.9398999810218811,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10413","display_name":"High-pressure geophysics and materials","score":0.03660000115633011,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1908","display_name":"Geophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13619","display_name":"Geotechnical and Geomechanical Engineering","score":0.002300000051036477,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/free-surface-effects","display_name":"free surface effects","score":0.8510000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shock-velocity-measurement","display_name":"shock velocity measurement","score":0.5860000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hysteresis","display_name":"hysteresis","score":0.7900000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonlinear-wave-interaction","display_name":"nonlinear wave interaction","score":0.8679999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wave-reflection","display_name":"wave reflection","score":0.7080000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reverberation","display_name":"reverberation","score":0.765999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/impact-loading","display_name":"impact loading","score":0.3149999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bias-correction","display_name":"bias correction","score":0.5}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95851461","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q468809","display_name":"Reverberation","level":2,"score":0.6249536275863647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65682993","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1056451","display_name":"Reflection (computer programming)","level":2,"score":0.6097719669342041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57879066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41217","display_name":"Mechanics","level":1,"score":0.5492628812789917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171889981","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1454008","display_name":"Free surface","level":2,"score":0.540704071521759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158622935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660848","display_name":"Nonlinear system","level":2,"score":0.5394819974899292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70477161","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190688","display_name":"Shock wave","level":2,"score":0.5326746702194214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781300812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178061","display_name":"Shock (circulatory)","level":2,"score":0.5133528113365173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123299182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190837","display_name":"Hysteresis","level":2,"score":0.5045210123062134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.4719642400741577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776799497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q484298","display_name":"Surface (topology)","level":2,"score":0.46301764249801636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184112787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3604864","display_name":"Nonlinear acoustics","level":3,"score":0.45274198055267334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84174578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q889796","display_name":"Surface wave","level":2,"score":0.45029589533805847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7520643","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.4477078914642334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207114421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133900","display_name":"Diffraction","level":2,"score":0.4360429346561432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.38564667105674744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.354587584733963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2775060534477234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.1727721393108368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.1146382987499237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1063/1.3295241","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3295241","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3295241","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764696622","display_name":"AIP conference proceedings","issn_l":"0094-243X","issn":["0094-243X","1551-7616","1935-0465"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320257","host_organization_name":"American Institute of Physics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320257"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"AIP Conference Proceedings","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy","ror":"https://ror.org/01bj3aw27"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338286","display_name":"Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/041nk4h53"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":7,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1968941926","https://openalex.org/W1988987247","https://openalex.org/W2004495320","https://openalex.org/W2020657283","https://openalex.org/W2039763547","https://openalex.org/W2094862865","https://openalex.org/W2181907618"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1667889799","https://openalex.org/W2181907618","https://openalex.org/W1992770172","https://openalex.org/W2104400972","https://openalex.org/W2084857802","https://openalex.org/W3136668750","https://openalex.org/W376332282","https://openalex.org/W1974757948","https://openalex.org/W2128726035","https://openalex.org/W4321639049"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,58],"consider":[1],"how":[2],"to":[3,9],"interpret":[4],"measured":[5],"free":[6,80],"surface":[7,81],"velocities":[8],"estimate":[10],"what":[11],"a":[12,63],"relatively":[13],"weak":[14],"shock":[15],"(with":[16],"an":[17,28],"elastic\u2010plastic":[18],"two\u2010wave":[19],"structure,":[20],"\u223c5\u201330":[21],"GPa)":[22],"would":[23],"have":[24],"looked":[25],"like":[26],"in":[27,62],"infinite":[29],"sample.":[30],"Hysteresis":[31],"and":[32,41,46,60],"nonlinear":[33],"wave":[34],"interactions":[35],"introduce":[36],"effects":[37],"(inexact":[38],"velocity":[39],"doubling":[40],"the":[42,74,79],"delay,":[43],"partial":[44],"reflection,":[45],"reverberation":[47],"of":[48,73],"waves)":[49],"whose":[50],"magnitudes":[51],"can":[52,70],"be":[53],"estimated":[54],"with":[55],"simple":[56],"models.":[57],"argue,":[59],"demonstrate":[61],"simulated":[64],"test":[65],"case,":[66],"that":[67],"these":[68],"estimates":[69],"eliminate":[71],"most":[72],"systematic":[75],"error":[76],"introduced":[77],"by":[78],"during":[82],"loading.":[83]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}